The Royal Society of Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of paper types based on three dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with Resnet34.","authors":"Yinni Lv, Xin Lin, Peng Wang, Hongda Li","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01099c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01099c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Printing paper represents one of the most prevalent forms of physical evidence in document forensics, where accurate brand and model identification provides critical investigative leads. To enable rapid, precise identification of commercial printing paper brands, we propose a novel method combining 3D fluorescence spectroscopy with an enhanced ResNet34 network. First, 3D fluorescence contour maps of diverse paper brands were acquired across excitation (280-420 nm) and emission (300-592 nm) wavelengths. These data were augmented <i>via</i> random flipping, scaling, and cropping to generate an expanded dataset of 6398 samples. Subsequently, the ResNet34 backbone was streamlined by removing redundant intermediate layers to improve efficiency. Feature extraction capabilities-particularly for central regions of fluorescence contour images-were strengthened by integrating the CBAM attention mechanism, with training dynamics visualized for optimization. Comparative experiments identified optimal training strategies and hyperparameters. The highest-performing model achieved 97.27% accuracy on the test set, significantly outperforming conventional methods. The proposed system demonstrates strong robustness with a per-image inference time of 0.82 seconds, confirming its practical utility for forensic paper analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial engineering of bilayer single-atom catalysts for enhanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis.","authors":"Xinge Wu, Wenzhu Tan, Zhaoying Yang, Chao Li, Shuai Shao, XiangYing Meng","doi":"10.1039/d5cp02199e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cp02199e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axial ligand engineering is a promising strategy to enhance the performance of single-atom catalysts (SACs) in electrocatalysis. However, a single non-metallic axial coordination atom linked to monolayer SACs (MSACs) often exhibits insufficient stability. In this work, we designed a series of bilayer SACs (BSACs) with vertically stacked FeN₄ and MN₄ (M = Sc-Zn) layers bridged by axial non-metallic atoms (C, N, O, P, S, and Se). The bilayer structure stabilizes axial atom anchoring and redistributes electrons of dual-side metal atoms. As electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction (ORR) and evolution (OER) reactions, the introduction of axial ligands optimizes the binding strength of key intermediates and reduces the overpotentials. After high-throughput DFT screening of the ORR/OER pathways across 60 BSAC candidates, we found that FeN₄-P-MnN₄ (P-FeMn) and FeN₄-C-MnN₄ (C-FeMn) exhibit exceptional dual-sided bifunctional (ORR and OER) catalytic activity, with ORR overpotentials (Fe/Mn site) of 0.27/0.28 V and 0.37/0.29 V and OER overpotentials of 0.42/0.37 V and 0.31/0.42 V, respectively. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the axial P/C atoms induce a transition of the metal atoms from a high-spin state to a low-spin state, thereby shifting the d-band center and effectively weakening the metal-oxygen orbital hybridization (σ and π), leading to enhanced catalytic activity. This work advances axial ligand engineering in single-atom catalysts and offers new insights and strategies for designing stable and efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":99,"journal":{"name":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High throughput estimates of surface tension using steady droplet deformation in pressure-driven fluidic flows.","authors":"Evyatar Shaulsky, Sabrina Marnoto, Avi J Patel, Sara M Hashmi","doi":"10.1039/d5sm00493d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00493d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in fluidic droplet generation both necessitate and enable accessible, high throughput methods to optimize formulations by measuring surface tension. One fluidic approach involves creating extensional flow using constrictions. Droplets deform within a constriction, and then experience extensional flow upon exiting into a wider channel. Transient relaxation of the deformed droplets, coupled with the details of the extensional flow, can be used to measure surface tension. We propose an alternative, arguably simpler approach: we use steady deformation within a constriction to measure surface tension. Our approach is motivated by the linear theories that describe droplet deformation in steady flows. These theories, encompassing both clean and surfactant covered drops in unbounded and bounded shear flows, show that droplet deformation is linear with the capillary number for small deformations. Interestingly, this steady deformation approach to estimating the capillary number, and thus, surface tension, has not been tested in pressure driven microfluidic flows. We generate and flow emulsion droplets through a series of increasingly narrow constrictions and use steady deformation to measure surface tension. We investigate both water-in-oil and oil-in-water droplets, stabilized by three different surfactants over a range of concentrations. In a subset of experiments, we vary the viscosity ratio by adding polyethylene glycol diacrylate to water droplets. Validation using both the transient deformation fluidic approach and pendant drop measurements on individual droplets demonstrates the viability of using linear scaling behavior to estimate surface tension. Our results suggest steady state deformation in pressure driven flows can be used to measure surface tension even when droplets are slightly confined. This steady droplet deformation approach to surface tension measurements represents a readily-accessible option for those using fluidic droplet generators to perform biomedical or other assays, or to investigate or optimize emulsion formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metathesis and the building block approach to novel layered copper oxyselenides - useful tool or synthetic dead-end?","authors":"Liam Kemp, Geoffrey Hyett","doi":"10.1039/d5mh01350j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5mh01350j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of metathesis, or ionic double displacement reactions, for the synthesis of layered copper oxyselenides is explored, and compared to the conventional solid state reaction approach across a range of temperatures. We have determined that metathesis does offer some advantages in product selectivity at low temperature but due to more complex synthetic requirements does not warrant more widespread adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo/electro-mediated radical cascade functionalization/cyclization reactions involving N-acryloyl 2-aryl indoles/benzimidazoles","authors":"Fatemeh Doraghi, Amirali Abbasi, Nooshin Zomorodiyan, Shahab Kermaninia, Reza Hassanzadeh Dostkoh, Bagher Larijani and Mohammad Mahdavi","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03878B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03878B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Indolo/benzimidazo-isoquinoline scaffolds are frequently found in many natural products, pharmaceuticals, and organic materials. Owing to their prominent properties, in recent years, numerous studies have been performed on the synthesis of indolo/benzimidazo-isoquinoline derivatives <em>via</em> photo-, and electro-promoted functionalization/cyclization reactions of <em>N</em>-acryloyl 2-aryl indoles/benzimidazoles. In this review, we describe these fascinating transformations and discuss their mechanistic insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 38","pages":" 31946-31964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03878b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterial-enabled drug delivery systems for circadian medicine: bridging direct rhythm modulation and chronotherapy","authors":"Muhammad Zeeshan, Juncheng Hu, Chuan-Xi Mao, Almas Danish, Ying Xiong, Muhammad Sultan Irshad, Van-Duong Dao and Zhihua Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04137F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04137F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Circadian rhythms are essential for maintaining health and homeostasis, and disruptions can lead to sleep disorders, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. Herein, we discuss the importance of circadian rhythms and the challenges in their regulation, highlighting the limitations of traditional drug delivery methods. Various nanomaterials such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), and mesoporous silica nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties. These characteristics allow them to deliver drugs to specific targets over a sustained period, which improves the effectiveness of treatments for circadian-related disorders. The article discusses how nanomaterials can be used to combine different treatment strategies to address the many challenges of disrupted circadian rhythms. By delivering several drugs at once, these systems can enhance treatment specificity and reduce side effects, offering a more effective approach to managing conditions such as sleep disorders and mood disorders associated with circadian misalignment. The potential for smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs) that respond to physiological cues, such as temperature or pH changes, is also explored, showcasing how these innovations could lead to more personalized and effective therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 38","pages":" 31981-32008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04137f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CuFe2O4-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of α-substituted 2-benzofuranmethamines via tandem A3 coupling, 5-exo-dig cyclization, and 1,3-allylic rearrangement","authors":"Ashok Kumar Raigar, Manju, Kamlesh Saini and Anjali Guleria","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05808B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05808B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A one-pot strategy was developed for the synthesis of α-substituted 2-benzofuranmethamines from salicylaldehydes, phenylacetylenes, and cyclic secondary amines using CuFe<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small> as a bifunctional catalyst. The reaction proceeds at 80 °C in 1,4-dioxane using Cs<small>₂</small>CO<small>₃</small> as a base, enabling sequential A<small>³</small>-coupling, 5-<em>exo</em>-dig cyclization, and 1,3-allylic rearrangement in a single operation. Unlike previous methods, this protocol employs non-precious metal catalysts and mild reagents, operates under moderate conditions, and provides direct access to α-substituted 2-benzofuranmethamines in good yields (80–96%) with broad substrate compatibility. Furthermore, the catalyst is magnetically recoverable and exhibits excellent reusability over five consecutive cycles without significant loss of activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 39","pages":" 32108-32116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05808b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA frameworks equipped with high-affinity multivalent aptamers for the reliable and amplified detection of a specific membrane protein.","authors":"Zhimei He, Ziyi Zhou, Qin Fan, Wenjie Xiang, Jianyong Wang, Longfei Lai, Mingzhi Zhu, Lianhui Wang, Jie Chao","doi":"10.1039/d5cc04334d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cc04334d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A tetrahedral DNA framework-based fluorescent probe is programmed with multivalent aptamers for the precise targeting of membrane nucleolin and an initiator strand to trigger a hybridization chain reaction. Benefiting from multivalent aptamer targeting and HCR signal amplification, this probe demonstrates minimal endocytosis, enabling the reliable and amplified detection of a membrane protein biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":67,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>ortho</i>-OH/NH₂-promoted reductive deoxygenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with HBpin.","authors":"Zhenlei Zhang, Ziyan Chen, Guohao Niu, Manqi Zhang, Wei Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d5ob01345c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob01345c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A solvent- and catalyst-free protocol for the selective reductive deoxygenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with pinacolborane (HBpin) has been developed. <i>ortho</i>-OH/NH₂ groups efficiently direct the transformation, affording 2-allylphenols and 2-allylanilines under mild conditions with excellent chemo- and regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate a boron-assisted hydride transfer and carbocation pathway. This work provides a sustainable and practical approach to valuable allylic scaffolds with potential applications in medicinal chemistry and materials science.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous recycled carbon black derived from pyrolytic waste tire rubber with strong, wideband electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Qirui Sun, Zhongyi Li, Jiaqi Ye, Yuqi Zhai, Xin Ye, Liqun Zhang and Yongpeng Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05326A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05326A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To contribute to the circular and sustainable economy framework, waste tire rubber reclamation by extracting carbon black through pyrolysis and heat treatment and then ingeniously designing it as an electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) material is proposed herein. The results showed that the pyrolysis-recycled carbon black (RCB) was heterogeneous with multiple interfaces, making it suitable for EWA application. The RCB was processed at 500 °C–1000 °C to study the changes in the composite and microstructure as well as the EWA properties. The heterointerfaces, defects and components changed with the pyrolytic temperature, which helped to adjust the conductive loss, polarization loss, impedance matching, and electromagnetic wave (EW) transmission path, thereby obtaining different EWA performances. As a result, RCB500 exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RL<small>_min</small>) of −35.99 dB at a thickness of 2.5 mm with a low filler loading of 40 wt%. Its widest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) can reach 3.98 GHz at a low thickness of 1.5 mm. For RCB800, the RL<small>_min</small> value can reach −34.47 dB, and the EAB<small>_max</small> value can reach 4.14 GHz at a low thickness of only 1.5 mm with a filler loading of only 30 wt%. The absorption mechanism was deeply studied. The results indicated that the carbon black pyrolysed from waste tire rubber with strong, wideband electromagnetic wave absorption can be considered a promising candidate for designing high-efficiency carbon-matrix EWA materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 38","pages":" 31865-31883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05326a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}