{"title":"Design and control of an extractive distillation process for separating isopropanol and water with side-stream extraction","authors":"Mengqi Li, Haoyang Xu, Hui Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Innovating distillation technology to improve the efficiency of distillation equipment, reduce energy consumption, and increase product purity is an important challenge for the rapid development of the distillation industry. In this paper, steady-state simulations are developed for the separated isopropanol and water systems, and the sensitive temperature stage locations are determined using sensitivity and singular value decomposition (SVD). An open-loop steady-state gain analysis of the isopropanol/water system was performed, and a series of dynamic control schemes were designed and optimized to resist ±10% feed flow disturbances and ±5% feed composition disturbances, comparing the performance of the control schemes one by one through IAE error analysis. The results show that the side-stream extractive distillation separation of isopropanol and water system using a single temperature fixed reflux ratio control loop suffers from a large product shift problem. One of the key control loops is to control the isopropanol purity by controlling the bottom of the column flow rate, and the scheme performs well under both single-temperature control and dual-temperature control, effectively resisting ±10% feed flow disturbances and ±5% feed composition disturbances. The improvement of product purity can be seen from the component controllers play an important role, while the feed-forward effect under certain conditions can also enable the system to quickly restore stability and improve the system response speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 231-247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadi Taheri Parsa , Hossein Iloukhani , Khatereh Khanlarzadeh
{"title":"Experimental and computational insight in thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures of acetonitrile with trichloroethene or tetrachloroethene at different temperatures","authors":"Hadi Taheri Parsa , Hossein Iloukhani , Khatereh Khanlarzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Density (<em>ρ</em>), speed of sound (<em>u</em>), viscosity (<em>η</em>), and refractive index (<em>n</em><sub>D</sub>) were measured for pure acetonitrile, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene, as well as their binary mixtures at temperatures <em>T</em> = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15) K and at ambient pressure (81.5 kPa). From the experimental data, excess molar volume (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>E</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span>), thermal expansion coefficients (<em>α</em>), deviations in isentropic compressibility (<span><math><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><msub><mi>κ</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), viscosity (Δ<em>η</em>), and refractive index (Δ<em>n</em><sub>D</sub>) were calculated. These values were then correlated using the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation, with fitting coefficients and standard deviations determined. Additionally, the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory and the Extended Real Associated Solution (ERAS) model were employed to correlate the excess molar volume, while the Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) was used to predict the density of mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 328-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaoutar Hjouji , Ibrahim Atemni , Rajesh Haldhar , Moussa Ouakki , Tarik Ainane , Mustapha Taleb , Seong-Cheol Kim , Zakia Rais
{"title":"Green corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic media using Datura stramonium seed extract: A study for sustainable engineering applications","authors":"Kaoutar Hjouji , Ibrahim Atemni , Rajesh Haldhar , Moussa Ouakki , Tarik Ainane , Mustapha Taleb , Seong-Cheol Kim , Zakia Rais","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.10.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of <em>Datura stramonium</em> seed extracts on mild steel in 1.0 mol·L<sup>−1</sup> HCl and 0.5 mol·L<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, utilizing both ethanolic and aqueous extracts as eco-friendly inhibitors. Electrochemical techniques, thermodynamic studies, and quantum chemical calculations were employed to evaluate the adsorption mechanism and inhibitory action at the metal/electrolyte interface. Maximum inhibition efficiencies of 93.1% in HCl and 97.7% in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> were achieved with the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 0.2 g·L<sup>−1</sup>, while the aqueous extract demonstrated 93.8% inhibition in HCl and 96.6% in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Polarization curves indicated mixed-type inhibition with a slight anodic bias. The thermodynamic analysis of two extracts in both environments indicated that the <em>K</em><sub>ads</sub> increased and that the Δ<em>G</em><sub>ads</sub> were close to −40 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>, suggesting that the adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm, indicating a combination of physical and chemical adsorption. SEM/EDX analysis confirmed the formation of a protective layer, while quantum chemical studies further validated strong adsorption, evidenced by a low Δ<em>E</em> of 2.396 eV and an adsorption energy of −878 kcal·mol<sup>−1</sup> (1 kcal·mol<sup>−1</sup> = 4.18 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>). These results demonstrate that <em>Datura stramonium</em> extracts are promising inhibitors, particularly in sulfuric acid, for industrial applications. Reason: Improved clarity, vocabulary, and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 281-302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haoran Yin , Lili Mu , Yifeng Chen , Licheng Li , Kang Sun , Xiaoyan Ji
{"title":"Improving CO2 solubility in a hybrid sorbent of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide/mesoporous titanium dioxide/water with confinement effect","authors":"Haoran Yin , Lili Mu , Yifeng Chen , Licheng Li , Kang Sun , Xiaoyan Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Confinement effect is an effective method to enhance carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) solubility. In this study, a hybrid sorbent of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hmim][NTf<sub>2</sub>])/mesoporous titanium dioxide (M-TiO<sub>2</sub>)/water (H<sub>2</sub>O) was developed, and its confinement effect was regulated by changing the pore structure of M-TiO<sub>2</sub>. CO<sub>2</sub> solubility in the hybrid sorbent was measured experimentally, and the thermodynamic properties including Henry's constant and desorption enthalpy were calculated. Furthermore, the confinement effect in the hybrid sorbent was quantified. Additionally, the hybrid sorbent was recycled with a multi-cycle experiment. The results showed that M-TiO<sub>2</sub> calcined at 773.2 K (MT500) could lead to an efficient confinement effect. CO<sub>2</sub> solubility in the hybrid sorbent increased by 49.8% compared to that of H<sub>2</sub>O when the mass fraction of [Hmim][NTf<sub>2</sub>]/MT500 was 5.0% (mass), where the contribution of confinement effect on Gibbs free energy occupied 5.2%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Muhammad Nurdin , WD Syafitri Salsabila , Suryani Dyah Astuti , Thamrin Azis , La Ode Muhammad Zuhdi Mulkiyan , La Ode Agus Salim , Akrajas Ali Umar
{"title":"Enhanced electrocatalytic activities in TiO2-Sulfur nanoparticles decorated graphene nanocomposite electrode for detecting formaldehyde compound","authors":"Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Muhammad Nurdin , WD Syafitri Salsabila , Suryani Dyah Astuti , Thamrin Azis , La Ode Muhammad Zuhdi Mulkiyan , La Ode Agus Salim , Akrajas Ali Umar","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>-sulfur (TiO<sub>2</sub>-S) modified graphene nanocomposite electrode (GPE/TiO<sub>2</sub>-S) in the electrochemical sensing of formaldehyde compound has been evaluated. We prepared TiO<sub>2</sub>-S by hydrothermal method and modified the graphene nanocomposite electrode by applying electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) approach. The TiO<sub>2</sub>-S nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the GPE/TiO<sub>2</sub>-S was examined by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-Ray fluorosense (XRF) techniques. TiO<sub>2</sub>-S has a grain size of 19.32 nm. The surface morphology of the GPE/TiO<sub>2</sub>-S nanocomposite shows a good, intact, and tightly porous structure with TiO<sub>2</sub>-S covers the graphene surface. The content of optimized GPE/TiO<sub>2</sub>-S electrodes is 41.5% of graphene, 37.8% of TiO<sub>2</sub>, and 12.4% of sulfur that was prepared by mixing 1 g of TiO<sub>2</sub>-S with 0.5 g of graphene and 0.3 mL paraffin. The GPE/TiO<sub>2</sub>-S electrode produces a high anodic current (<em>I</em><sub>pa</sub>) of 800 μA and a high cathodic current (<em>I</em><sub>pc</sub>) of −600 μA at a scan rate of 0.1 V·s<sup>−1</sup> using an electrolyte 0.01 mol·L<sup>−1</sup> K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] solution containing 150 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> formaldehyde. The limit of detection can reach as low as 9.7 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> with stability with Horwitz ratio value as low as 0.397. The composite electrode also exhibits excellent slectivity properties by showing clear formaldehyde sugnal in the presence of high concentration of interfering agent. GPE/TiO<sub>2</sub>-S electrode should find potential application of formaldehyde detection in food industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting Pu , Junning Lu , Zhirui Liu , Xingxing Zeng , Baoyu Liu
{"title":"Alkylation of benzene and 1-dodecene over cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolite","authors":"Ting Pu , Junning Lu , Zhirui Liu , Xingxing Zeng , Baoyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites are fabricated by introducing Ce species into the silica pillars within adjacent MWW layers through a liquid-phase pillaring method, and the multiple-layer structure of MWW zeolites is well maintained. However, it's found that these Ce<sup>3+</sup> species can produce the Brønsted acid sites by the dissociation of water molecules owing to the electrostatic field of Ce<sup>3+</sup> cations, the splitting of water molecules occurs following [Ce(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><em>n</em></sub>]<sup>3+</sup><em><sub>n</sub></em> ⇌ Ce[(OH)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><em>n</em>–1</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> + H<sup>+</sup> equation based on the Plank-Hirschler mechanism, leading to superior activity of resultant cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites in the alkylation between benzene with 1-dodecene. Moreover, the additional Ce species located in the silica pillars can be easily accessed by guest molecules due to the presence of mesopores between neighboring MWW layers, which can strongly active benzene molecules by polarization effect, and dodecyl carbenium ions are preferred to attack the carbon atoms located in activated benzene molecules, resulting in the long lifetime of cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites since the oligomerization of long-chain olefins is suppressed. Under harsh reaction conditions (benzene/1-dodecene = 10, WHSV = 20 h<sup>−1</sup>), the optimized cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolite shows outstanding activity (>40%) and excellent selectivity (>85%) of 2-LAB in the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 110-118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research progress on the monolithic catalyst for hydrogenation of CO2 to methane","authors":"Xiangli Liu , Yiqing Zeng , Jiahao Chen , Zhaoxiang Zhong , Weihong Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) can be efficiently converted and utilized through the CO<sub>2</sub> methanation reaction, which has significant potential benefits for the environment and the economy. The contradiction between the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO<sub>2</sub> methanation reaction process leads to low CO<sub>2</sub> conversion at 200−350 °C and low methane selectivity at 350−500 °C. The utilization of catalysts can solve the contradiction between kinetics and thermodynamics, achieving high CO<sub>2</sub> methanation efficiency at low temperatures. However, the poor thermal conductivity of powder catalysts leads to the rapid accumulation of heat, resulting in the formation of hot spots, which can cause the sintering or even deactivation of active species. To solve this problem, researchers have focused on monolithic catalysts with integrated reaction systems. This review categorizes the monolithic catalysts into two main groups based on their unique characteristics, namely structured catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors. The characteristics of these monolithic catalysts, commonly used support materials, preparation techniques, and their applications in the CO<sub>2</sub> methanation reaction are discussed in depth. These studies provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the design and optimization of structured catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors. Finally, challenges and prospects in the application of monolithic catalysts for the CO<sub>2</sub> methanation reaction are proposed for the future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 184-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siwen Huang , Kui Wang , Haibo Wang , Li Lv , Tao Zhang , Wenxiang Tang , Zongpeng Zou , Shengwei Tang
{"title":"Comprehensive utilization of Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag by H2SO4 Roasting and Stepwise Precipitation","authors":"Siwen Huang , Kui Wang , Haibo Wang , Li Lv , Tao Zhang , Wenxiang Tang , Zongpeng Zou , Shengwei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (Ti-BFS) is an industrial solid waste rich in titanium, magnesium and aluminum. However, it is difficult to utilize Ti, Mg and Al from Ti-BFS for the strong stability and poor reaction activity of Ti-BFS. A comprehensive utilization route of Ti, Mg and Al from Ti-BFS was proposed. Ti-BFS was firstly roasted with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> to realizes the conversion of Ti, Mg and Al to their corresponding sulphates. The sulphates were leached by dilute H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution to extraction Ti, Mg and Al from roasted Ti-BFS. The roasting conditions were optimized as follows, sulfuric acid concentration of 85%(mass), temperature of 200 °C, acid-slag ratio of 5.5, particle size of Ti-BFS <75 μm, and reaction time of 1 h. The extraction rates of titanium, aluminum, and magnesium reached 82.42%, 88.78% and 90.53%, respectively. The leachate was hydrolyzed at 102 °C for 5 h with a titanium hydrolysis ratio of 96%. After filtration and calcination, TiO<sub>2</sub> with a purity of 97 %(mass) was obtained. Al in the leachate was converted to NH<sub>4</sub>Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O by the neutralization of ammonia water at pH = 4.5. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was obtained by the calcination of NH<sub>4</sub>Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O. The residual solution can be used to prepare products of magnesium sulfate. In the proposed process, Ti, Mg and Al were extracted from Ti-BFS and utilized comprehensively to prepare valuable products. The leaching behavior of roasted Ti-BFS with water was also studied. It followed the unreacted shrinking core model. The apparent activation energy was 26.07 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> . This research not only provides a viable method for recovering valuable metals in Ti-BFS, but also provides a strategy to comprehensive utilize the valuable elements in Ti-BFS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"80 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyu Zhou , Erwei Song , Mingmei Wang, Erqiang Wang
{"title":"Dynamic temperature control of dividing wall batch distillation with middle vessel based on neural network soft-sensor and fuzzy control","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhou , Erwei Song , Mingmei Wang, Erqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dividing wall batch distillation with middle vessel (DWBDM) is a new type of batch distillation column, with outstanding advantages of low capital cost, energy saving and flexible operation. However, temperature control of DWBDM process is challenging, since inherently dynamic and highly nonlinear, which make it difficult to give the controller reasonable set value or optimal temperature profile for temperature control scheme. To overcome this obstacle, this study proposes a new strategy to develop temperature control scheme for DWBDM combining neural network soft-sensor with fuzzy control. Dynamic model of DWBDM was firstly developed and numerically solved by Python, with three control schemes: composition control by PID and fuzzy control respectively, and temperature control by fuzzy control with neural network soft-sensor. For dynamic process, the neural networks with memory functions, such as RNN, LSTM and GRU, are used to handle with time-series data. The results from a case example show that the new control scheme can perform a good temperature control of DWBDM with the same or even better product purities as traditional PID or fuzzy control, and fuzzy control could reduce the effect of prediction error from neural network, indicating that it is a highly feasible and effective control approach for DWBDM, and could even be extended to other dynamic processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 200-211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing Yun , Kewen Zhang , Zhaojun Chu , Beitao Liu , Yan Kou , Xigao Jian , Zhihuan Weng
{"title":"Effect of curing temperature of phthalonitrile resin on the properties of resultant hierarchical porous carbon","authors":"Xing Yun , Kewen Zhang , Zhaojun Chu , Beitao Liu , Yan Kou , Xigao Jian , Zhihuan Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have been widely studied due to their high specific surface area and high heteroatom content, but it is difficult to achieve high specific surface area and high heteroatom content at the same time. Herein, a simple method is introduced to prepare N/O co-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials (DNZKs). Phthalonitrile resins (DNZs) were prepared by using 1,3-<em>bis</em>(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene as raw material and ZnCl<sub>2</sub>/urea as composite curing agent, and then using KOH as activator to successfully prepare DNZKs with high specific surface area, developed pores and high N/O content. The porous carbon material (DNZK@400) obtained at a curing temperature of 400 °C has the highest N content (4.97% (mass)), a large specific surface area (2026 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>), a high micropore proportion (0.9), a high O content (7.53% (mass)), and the best specific capacitance (up to 567 F·g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A·g<sup>−1</sup>), which can be attribute to the high temperature resistance of the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic structure in DNZs. When the mass ratio of resin and KOH is 1:1, the specific capacitance of the sample tested by the acid three-electrode system is obtained, and it is found that the material has high cycling stability (119% specific capacitance retention after 100,000 cycle tests). This work proposes a simple and easy-to-operate method for the preparation of multifunctional porous carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}