China CDC Weekly最新文献

{"title":"National Action Plan in Antimicrobial Resistance Using Framework Analysis for China.","authors":"Shanquan Chen, Jiahong Zhang, Yongning Wu","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.093","url":null,"abstract":"platforms","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 22","pages":"492-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/44/ccdcw-5-22-492.PMC10318557.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9807279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statement on Establishment of A Provisional Health Based Guidance Value for Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in China.","authors":"Jinfang Sun, Yi Shao, Gengsheng He, Yongning Wu","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.094","url":null,"abstract":"The National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China and the State Administration for Market Regulation have issued the National Food Safety Standard (GB2762-2022), which delineates the maximum limits (ML) of contaminants in food. This standard will be implemented on June 30, 2023. It currently maintains the ML of cadmium in rice (including unhusked rice, husked rice, polished rice) at 0.2 mg/kg, a value first established 40 years ago in GBn238-1984. Considering the higher ML of 0.4 mg/kg outlined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) and the lower limit of 0.15 mg/kg recommended by the European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA) Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel), a review of the Chinese standard was deemed necessary. The primary objective was to determine whether the current provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) of 25 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) for cadmium, as established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), remains appropriate for China. To reach our recommendation, we considered additional data on the dietary consumption patterns and corresponding biomarkers of exposure for the Chinese population. We also conducted an updated literature review and examined assessments performed by both JECFA and the EFSA CONTAM Panel. Based on these findings, we recommend maintaining the PTMI of cadmium exposure in China at 25 μg/kg b.w. This recommendation provides a scientific foundation for the newly issued ML of cadmium in rice.","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 22","pages":"499-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d9/56/ccdcw-5-22-499.PMC10318555.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9807281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Features of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Catering Service Facilities - China, 2010-2020.","authors":"Donglei Lu,&nbsp;Jikai Liu,&nbsp;Hong Liu,&nbsp;Yunchang Guo,&nbsp;Yue Dai,&nbsp;Junhua Liang,&nbsp;Lili Chen,&nbsp;Lizi Xu,&nbsp;Ping Fu,&nbsp;Ning Li","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In terms of food preparation settings, catering service facilities have been identified as locations with the highest incidence of foodborne disease outbreaks in China. Since 2010, the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment has established the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) to monitor foodborne disease outbreaks. Consequently, data from the FDOSS has provided a more accurate depiction of the epidemic characteristics of outbreaks within these facilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2010 to 2020, the FDOSS gathered data related to the prevalence of outbreaks, cases, hospitalizations, and deaths linked to foodborne disease outbreaks in catering service facilities. This study examined the temporal and geographical distribution, pathogenic factors, and contributing variables of these outbreaks over the course of the decade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2010 to 2020, China's catering service facilities reported 18,331 outbreaks, which resulted in 206,718 illnesses, 68,561 hospitalizations, and 201 deaths. The second and third quarters of the year accounted for 76.12% of the outbreaks and 72.93% of the cases. The primary pathogenic factors were pathogenic organisms, which caused 4,883 (26.64%) outbreaks, 94,047 (45.50%) cases, 32,170 (46.92%) hospitalizations, and 21 (10.45%) deaths. There were 5,607 (30.59%) outbreaks in restaurants, 2,876 (15.69%) outbreaks from street vendors, and 2,560 (13.97%) outbreaks in employee canteens in China.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The implementation of relevant control methods, including health education and promotion, is critical for addressing foodborne diseases in catering service facilities. Regular food safety training sessions for restaurant personnel and managers are essential to ensuring the effective management of these health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 22","pages":"479-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/80/ccdcw-5-22-479.PMC10318556.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9859362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Cold-Chain Food and Food Packaging.","authors":"Gang Li,&nbsp;Yeru Wang,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wang,&nbsp;Yibaina Wang,&nbsp;Yan Qi,&nbsp;Li Bai,&nbsp;Zhaoping Liu,&nbsp;Ning Li","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.092","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant threat to global health and well-being. Vaccination serves as a vital strategy in preventing and mitigating the severity of clinical symptoms. However, due to natural selection, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved, resulting in various mutations (1). Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified five variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron (2). Of these, only Omicron remains in circulation and has already produced nearly one thousand sub-lineages or subvariants. These mutating variants demonstrate increased infectivity and vaccine breakthrough rates, as well as more pronounced antibody escape rates (3). COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory illness, with its main transmission routes being direct contact and the spread of droplets or aerosols (4). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has reported that the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via food or food packaging is low, as the virus cannot multiply on such surfaces. In addition, upon exposure to environmental factors, viral particles degrade and become less infectious (5). Despite this, emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that imported cold-chain foods and their packaging may contribute to outbreak occurrences. According to the literature, there have been seven reported outbreaks in China associated with exposure to cold-chain food and food packaging contaminated with SARS-CoV-2. For instance, viral strain analysis revealed that the virus isolated from the outer packaging of imported cod was linked to the SARSCoV-2 infections found among dock workers during the 2020 Qingdao outbreak (6). Moreover, several COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred in meat processing facilities overseas, with a diagnosis rate of 18.2% among workers in some states of the United States (7). Individuals working in cold, humid, and crowded environments are at an increased risk for both contracting and transmitting the virus. Cold-chain food and packaging may become contaminated through two primary means: 1) viral shedding from hands coming into contact with food and packaging surfaces, and 2) expelled respiratory particles generated from talking, coughing, sneezing, and singing (8). In the investigation of the COVID-19 outbreak in Qingdao, live SARS-CoV-2 strains were successfully isolated and cultured from imported frozen seafood packaging (9). This finding suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can survive at low temperatures for several weeks, thereby enabling its spread across borders. Consumers may then transfer infectious particles from contaminated food surfaces and packaging to their eyes, noses, and mouths (10). Even during periods of strict control measures, the potential spread of SARS-CoV-2 through frozen food items and packaging, particularly imported frozen food and packaging, warrants close attention.","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 22","pages":"485-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/69/ccdcw-5-22-485.PMC10318554.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9807280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Progress of the Global Tobacco Cessation Strategies.","authors":"Dongbo Fu,&nbsp;Lin Xiao","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.090","url":null,"abstract":"The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing more than 8 million people a year, mainly through noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (1). World Health Organization (WHO) set nine voluntary global targets for NCDs to be attained by 2025, including a 30% relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use by 2025 (2), which requires a strong commitment by governments to strengthen the national health system responses and to take action against the leading risk factors for NCDs including tobacco use, the single most preventable cause of death. Commitment to strengthening full implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is a crucial component of action by governments. Although global smoking prevalence among people aged over 15 years has fallen from 22.7% to 17.5%, tobacco control still faces major challenges (3). First, smoking prevalence needs to be further reduced to achieve the global target for tobacco reduction. There remain over 1.3 billion tobacco users in the world and over 80% of them live in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) (4), including 308 million smokers in China (5). Second, tobacco industry interference plays a big role in slowing progress in tobacco control. Tobacco industry has been aggressively promoting new and emerging products such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products as “safer” or “smoke-free” alternatives to conventional cigarettes to undermine the implementation of the WHO FCTC globally (3). Finally, lack of government investment and technical resources is common in most countries. To address these challenges, it is critical to improve support for tobacco cessation, advocate for the prioritization of tobacco control on political agendas, implement sustained investment in tobacco control, and address tobacco industry interference.","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 21","pages":"475-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/c2/ccdcw-5-21-475.PMC10316592.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10142463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Smoking Cessation Intervention Effectiveness in Smoking Cessation Clinics - China, 2019-2021.","authors":"Li Xie,&nbsp;Yongfu Yan,&nbsp;Yan Yang,&nbsp;Yi Nan,&nbsp;Lin Xiao","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>Since 2014, the Chinese government has advocated for the development of smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) within each provincial-level administrative division (PLAD).</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>In the 2019-2021 period, the self-reported 7-day point prevalence of abstinence rates (PPARs) at 1-month and 3-month follow-up were 26.2% and 23.5%, respectively.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>The interventions implemented by SCCs in this investigation proved to be successful. It is imperative to employ extensive tobacco control strategies in order to enhance the motivation of smokers to seek assistance for cessation from SCCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 21","pages":"469-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/25/ccdcw-5-21-469.PMC10316590.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Smoking Cessation Support Among Adults - 18 PLADs, China, 2020.","authors":"Yongfu Yan,&nbsp;Bingliang Lin,&nbsp;Qingqing Xu,&nbsp;Huiyu Xie,&nbsp;Xinying Zeng,&nbsp;Xinbo Di,&nbsp;Zida Meng,&nbsp;Lin Xiao,&nbsp;Shiwei Liu","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>In 2018, unassisted smoking cessation (USC) was the predominant method for quitting smoking among Chinese adult smokers, accounting for 90.1% of cases. The utilization of professional smoking cessation support was comparatively low in this population.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>In 2020, the prevalence of USC methods increased to 93.1%. Concurrently, there was a slight increase in the utilization of pharmaceuticals (from 4.6% in 2018 to 5.5% in 2020) and counseling and quit line services (from 3.2% in 2018 to 7.5% in 2020). On the other hand, the use of e-cigarettes as a cessation aid decreased from 14.9% in 2018 to 9.8% in 2020. Smokers aged 15-24 years old were more likely to rely on pharmaceutical interventions (7.9%), and less likely to choose USC methods (79.0%).</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>The promotion of professional cessation support is essential for enhancing smoking cessation rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 21","pages":"459-463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/bd/ccdcw-5-21-459.PMC10316591.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Acceptability of a Comprehensive Mobile Health-Based Modality for Smoking Cessation - Beijing Municipality, China, 2022.","authors":"Shuilian Chu,&nbsp;Hang Jing,&nbsp;Di Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Cao,&nbsp;Yunliang Qian,&nbsp;Xiurong Liu,&nbsp;Lin Xiao,&nbsp;Zhaohui Tong,&nbsp;Lirong Liang","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known on this topic?: </strong>Mobile health interventions have been demonstrated to be effective in aiding smoking cessation among smokers. Nevertheless, research on this topic remains limited in China.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>Following two months of utilizing the services of a comprehensive mobile health (mHealth)-based modality (\"Way to Quit\" modality) which integrated three online interventions through the WeChat application, 29.1% of participating smokers successfully quit smoking. Participants who used a greater number of online services were more likely to cease smoking. All services were scored highly for satisfaction among smokers.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>This study presents a practical and feasible method to assist Chinese smokers in quitting smoking. The results of this research suggest a promising direction for enhancing the accessibility and utilization of smoking cessation services. Additionally, these findings serve as a critical reference for addressing the obstacles faced by smoking cessation services in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 21","pages":"464-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/0e/ccdcw-5-21-464.PMC10316593.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Occupational Stress and Coping Styles with Well-Being Among Couriers - Three Cities, Zhejiang Province, China, 2021.","authors":"Panqi Xue,&nbsp;Yixin Zhang,&nbsp;Fang Wei,&nbsp;Lifang Zhou,&nbsp;Xinglin Fang,&nbsp;Yong Hu,&nbsp;Yu Hong,&nbsp;Shuang Li,&nbsp;Xiaoming Lou,&nbsp;Hua Zou","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>Prior research has primarily concentrated on occupational health concerns, including injuries and heatstroke, among couriers. Nevertheless, there has been a scarcity of emphasis on mental health aspects, with existing studies predominantly addressing the risk factors associated with occupational stress.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>The present study demonstrated a significant association between occupational stress and well-being among couriers, with positive coping strategies acting as a mediating factor. Furthermore, the results indicate that implementing a positive coping style may mitigate the impact of occupational stress on well-being.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>Future public policy initiatives should focus on promoting the well-being of couriers by fostering improvements in the workplace environment, reevaluating the organization of work, and delivering support to couriers in managing occupational stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 20","pages":"446-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/86/ccdcw-5-20-446.PMC10236641.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9582723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel <i>Bartonella washoensis</i> Sequence Type 22 in <i>Marmota himalayana -</i> Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, China, 2021-2022.","authors":"Ran Duan,&nbsp;Xiaojin Zheng,&nbsp;Qun Duan,&nbsp;Asaiti Bukai,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Shuai Qin,&nbsp;Xinmin Lu,&nbsp;Dongyue Lyu,&nbsp;Haonan Han,&nbsp;Dan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaokai He,&nbsp;Junrong Liang,&nbsp;Deming Tang,&nbsp;Jinxiao Xi,&nbsp;Huaiqi Jing,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2023.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.084","url":null,"abstract":"What is already known about this topic? The prevalence of rodent-adapted Bartonella species has been increasing significantly. However, the specific Bartonella species carried by Marmota himalayana (M. himalayana), a large rodent species, and the potential risk it poses to human populations remain unknown. What is added by this report? Bartonella washoensis (B. washoensis), associated with human endocarditis, was initially identified in M. himalayana, exhibiting a detection rate of approximately one-third and demonstrating a predilection for the heart and lungs. The discovery of the novel Sequence Type 22 has expanded both the isolation source and genetic lineage of B. washoensis. What are the implications for public health practice? Individuals residing within the M. himalayana plague focus are at an elevated risk for B. washoensis infection. Consequently, there is a pressing need for public health warnings and efficient clinical case identification in this population.","PeriodicalId":9867,"journal":{"name":"China CDC Weekly","volume":"5 20","pages":"442-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/04/ccdcw-5-20-442.PMC10236644.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9577434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}