{"title":"Synergistic effects of superplasticizers and biopolymer-based viscosity-modifying admixtures on the rheology of cement-based systems","authors":"J.V. González-Aviña , Masoud Hosseinpoor , Ammar Yahia , A. Durán-Herrera","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigated the synergistic effects of combining superplasticizers with biopolymer-derived viscosity-modifying admixtures (VMAs) to enhance the performance of cement-based systems. Superplasticizers, including polycarboxylate ethers (PCE) and polynaphthalene sulfonates (PNS), were combined with VMAs derived from anionic (welan, tragacanth, and almond gums, and giant kelp extract) and non-ionic (guar and locust bean gums) biopolymers. Performance analysis methods included: (1) assessment of elasticity and structural build-up, (2) evaluation of viscosity, yield stress, and stability, and (3) analysis of hydration kinetics and development of compressive strength. Anionic biopolymers, such as welan gum and giant kelp extract, formed strong elastic flocculated networks, while tragacanth and almond gums led to networks with rapid rigidification. These biopolymer-based mixtures exhibited high stability against forced bleeding due to their superior viscoplastic properties. Among non-ionic biopolymers, guar gum systems resulted in higher visco-elastoplastic properties compared to locust bean gum systems. The hydration process and compressive strength development were significantly influenced by the type of VMA and dosage, as well as the type of superplasticizer used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105807"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142450191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quoc-Bao Bui , Thanh-Bao Bui , Ngoc-Tuan Nguyen , Tuan Le , Yuri Ferreira da Silva , Patrick Perré , Dang Mao Nguyen
{"title":"Assessing the combination of graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets in cement-based materials","authors":"Quoc-Bao Bui , Thanh-Bao Bui , Ngoc-Tuan Nguyen , Tuan Le , Yuri Ferreira da Silva , Patrick Perré , Dang Mao Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene (Gr) and Graphene Oxide (GO) are graphene-based nanosheet (GNS) materials with ultrahigh mechanical properties. The addition of Gr/GO (from 0.01 % to 2 % in mass) to a cement-based material can significantly enhance its mechanical properties. GO has higher efficiency than Gr, but it is more costly. In this paper, a Gr-GO solution was developed by combining Gr and GO in water. The compressive strengths of the samples with and without Gr-GO were determined. Deep analyses were performed by applying several imaging techniques such as nano-tomography, SEM, and confocal Raman imaging to exploit the correlation between microstructural properties and mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials. The microstructural properties were also quantified from the 3D images obtained by nano-tomography. The results showed that the GNS-added sample had a higher porosity (about 12.4 %) than that of the reference sample (about 6.1 %) but the GNS-added sample had a more homogeneous distribution of micropores. Raman imaging results explained the formation of hydration product and acceleration of hydration rate by Gr-GO in GNS-added samples. The mechanical properties showed that the addition of 0.03 % Gr-GO could increase the compressive strength of mortar samples by 28 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105800"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linzhen Tan , Jiacheng Zhang , Jing Xu , Binling Chen , Baosen Mi , Yongqi Wei , Wu Yao
{"title":"Aerobic bacteria induced biomineralization: effects of nutrient and calcium content on the nanostructure and chemical composition of simulated cement mixture","authors":"Linzhen Tan , Jiacheng Zhang , Jing Xu , Binling Chen , Baosen Mi , Yongqi Wei , Wu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the past two decades, aerobic bacteria induced biomineralization has gained popularity for autonomous sealing of cracks in concrete structures due to its environmentally friendly characteristics of carbon retention. However, the mechanism of the biomineralization induced by aerobic bacteria for concrete crack sealing is still unclear due to the complex chemistry of cement matrix. Also, as the main nutrient for bacterial growth, the effect of yeast extract (YE) on biomineralization should be properly evaluated. For the first time, this study investigates the effects of YE and calcium content on the development of nanostructure and chemical composition of cement matrix during the biomineralization process induced by aerobic bacteria <em>Bacillus cohnii</em>. The effects of calcium content were realized by constructing a simulated cement mixture consisting of calcium hydroxide and synthesised C-S-H with different C/S ratios. The effects of YE content were evaluated by the addition of different amounts of YE into simulated cement mixture with different C/S ratios. Results suggest that 10g/l of YE can cause a high pH value of 10 and an unsuccessful growth of bacteria in simulated cement mixture with C/S ratios 0.6 and 0.8. Upon increasing the YE from 10 g/l to 20 g/l, the pH reduced from 10 to 9 and the bacteria was successfully grown. Higher amounts of bicarbonate ions can cause an enhanced decalcification of synthesised C-S-H rather than calcium hydroxide. The aerobic bacteria <em>Bacillus cohnii</em> showed superior performance on calcium absorption and calcite precipitation, being a promising way for practical concrete crack sealing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105801"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Lei , Zhichao Liu , Fazhou Wang , Shuguang Hu
{"title":"Understanding the uneven phase distribution and multi-step reaction mechanism of carbonated γ-C2S-based foam concrete","authors":"Ming Lei , Zhichao Liu , Fazhou Wang , Shuguang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>γ-C<sub>2</sub>S has been attracting much attention as the role of exclusive or primary binder to fabricate carbonated materials due to its high carbonation reactivity. However, the very limited hydration reactivity of γ-C<sub>2</sub>S makes it difficult in the production of casting-formed materials such as foam concrete, and this is exacerbated by the presence of bursting-prone foams in the mixture. Given the highly cementitious property of Portland cement (PC), 10 wt% of PC was added to γ-C<sub>2</sub>S-based foam concrete (CFC) as the supplemented binder to maintain its cellular structure while providing demoulding strength. The compressive strength of the CFC (600 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), carbonated for 2 h at ambient conditions, impressively peaks at 4.49 MPa, comparable to that of autoclaved aerated concrete with the same density grade, and is three times higher than the standard strength of foam concrete. This is partly attributed to the more uniform air-void size distribution formed by the enrichment of cement hydration products on the void-wall. Furthermore, the presence of cement hydration products positively promotes the dissolution of calcium ions from γ-C<sub>2</sub>S, forming a mixture of calcium and silicon products. This paper aims to understand the carbonation mechanisms of composite CFC, and also provide guidance for further realizing the reaction process associated with multiple carbonatable phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105803"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Jin, Masoud Hasany, Mohammad Kohestanian, Mehdi Mehrali
{"title":"Micro/nano additives in 3D printing concrete","authors":"Peng Jin, Masoud Hasany, Mohammad Kohestanian, Mehdi Mehrali","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D concrete printing has attracted burgeoning interest in the construction industry for its ability to offer cost-effectiveness, architectural design flexibility, efficient use of energy and materials, as well as significant time savings in the construction process. However, conventional cement-geopolymer-based materials cannot be used directly for printing due to their lack of printability. This review explores the utilization of inorganic micro/nanomaterials to modify the rheological and mechanical performance of fresh-state and post-hardening cementitious composites, respectively, offering an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underpinning their effects. This paper discusses a wide range of inorganic micro/nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanomaterials, silicon-based nanomaterials, metallic oxide nanomaterials, nano-calcium carbonate particles, and other micro/nano-materials. Those materials have been utilized in 3D printing concrete or show considerable potential for future applications in this field. Furthermore, this work provides insights into the multiple applications that arise from the synergistic combination of 3D printing construction techniques with the distinctive properties of different nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105799"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoying Xu , Xiang Hu , Amani Khaskhoussi , Caijun Shi
{"title":"Passivation and depassivation of reinforcement steel in alkali-activated materials—A review","authors":"Xiaoying Xu , Xiang Hu , Amani Khaskhoussi , Caijun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviews the formation and breakdown of passive film on the surface of reinforcement steel in alkali-activated materials (AAMs) considering the characteristics of reaction product and pore solution chemistry. The literature review shows that the pore solution of AAMs has higher concentrations of OH<sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, silica and aluminium compared to Portland cement (PC). This relatively high alkalinity contributes to the generation of a passive film, which has positive effects on the corrosion resistance of reinforcement steel embedded in AAMs. The silica-aluminium zeolite layer present on the surface of passive film adsorbs chloride ions and effectively inhibits chloride-induced depassivation. Generally, lower ratios of [Cl<sup>−</sup>]/[SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>] and [Cl<sup>−</sup>]/[S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>] potentially inhibit the depassivation of reinforcement steel. The high pH value and the elevated concentrations of HS<sup>−</sup> of AAMs contribute to the increase of critical chloride content (<em>C</em><sub><em>crit</em></sub>). However, the higher content of reduced sulfide mainly dissolved from slag results in the consumption of dissolved oxygen, which is necessary for the formation of passive film. Generally, the presence of reduced sulfide forms Fe-S complexes on the surface of reinforcement steel in AAMs. Even so, higher corrosion resistance for AAMs is mostly expected with longer depassivation time due to finer microstructure and lower chloride penetration rates compared to PC-based materials. The decrease in pH value in the pore solution of the AAMs is the main factor affecting carbonation-induced depassivation of reinforcement steel, while high concentrations of bicarbonate and carbonate ions inhibit depassivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105802"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanyuan Zhang , Pengrui Lu , Guohao Fang , Biqin Dong , Shuxian Hong , Yanshuai Wang , Jing Li , Shengxin Fan
{"title":"Enhancing mechanical properties of concrete with 3D printed vascular networks via carbonation strengthening","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhang , Pengrui Lu , Guohao Fang , Biqin Dong , Shuxian Hong , Yanshuai Wang , Jing Li , Shengxin Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vascular systems offer promising potential for enabling self-recovery in cementitious materials, but their construction in three dimensions presents significant challenges. Our group has developed an embedded printing strategy allowing for the freeform construction of 3D hollow vascular channels, overcoming previous limitations. However, concerns persist regarding the weakening of mechanical properties caused by these vascular channels. In this study, we utilize carbon dioxide curing to reinforce the vascular wall, mitigating the mechanical loss associated with hollow vascular channel. We investigate the effect of carbonation on the vascular channel wall's morphology, composition, and microhardness along the radial direction to gain insight into its impact. Additionally, we analyze the influence of both vascular channels and carbonated vascular channels on intensity and cracking behaviors under various loading directions. The findings from this investigation provide essential insights for the design and optimization of vascular networks in concrete structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105791"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Wu, Tianyu Wang, Christopher K.Y. Leung, Jishen Qiu
{"title":"Combined effect of self-stressing and confinement on GFRP-LC3 interface bond","authors":"Bo Wu, Tianyu Wang, Christopher K.Y. Leung, Jishen Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The load capacity, failure mode and durability of reinforced concrete members are strongly affected by the bond strength between the concrete and the reinforcement. This work presents a physics-based approach to improve the bond strength based on self-stressing effect. Combination of limestone calcined clay cement (LC<sup>3</sup>) and calcium sulphoaluminate cement (CSA) with different ratios was employed to develop self-stressing function. The addition of CSA induces a remarkable volume expansion of matrix due to the formation of ettringite, it however leads to a decreased compressive strength because of the reduced Portlandite content and increased porosity. A push-out test was conducted to evaluate the interface properties between glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and LC<sup>3</sup>-based matrix. The results show that the interface bond strength is highly dependent on the matrix strength under unconfined condition. On the contrary, under confined condition, the interface bond strength increases linearly with the expansion value regardless of matrix strength, attributed to that the self-stressing effect can effectively refine the matrix pores and densify the interface transition zone. The findings from this work demonstrate that the self-stressing effect holds promise to be a plausible method to strengthen the overall properties of reinforced concrete without creating additional carbon emission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105798"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangfang Zhi , Jiazhi Yang , Guohui Yang , Lei Zhang , Wenwei Li , Linhua Jiang
{"title":"Investigation on the calcium leaching behaviors of cellulose ethers containing cement pastes","authors":"Fangfang Zhi , Jiazhi Yang , Guohui Yang , Lei Zhang , Wenwei Li , Linhua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose ethers (CE) are generally used as viscosity modifying admixtures in cement-based materials. However, previous investigations scarcely focus on the effect of CE on the calcium leaching behaviors of host materials. This work studied the calcium leaching behaviors in CE-containing cement pastes. The resistance to the calcium leaching was evaluated by the leaching depth, pH values and compressive strength. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry were implemented to reveal changes in the cement hydrates and microstructural properties to disclose the underlying mechanisms. Results indicate that CE decrease the amounts of CH and C-S-H because of the retardation effect on cement hydration. CE-containing samples exhibit CH crystals with eroded edges and a smaller size, and C-S-H phases with a disordered morphology and smaller dimension, thus increasing the rate of decomposition of CH and C-S-H. CE increases the total porosity by inducing capillary pores and large pores, which results in the decreasing pore connectivity and increasing tortuosity in cement pastes. The degradation of cement pastes during calcium leaching is prominently decided by the content of CH and C-S-H, instead of the initial pore structure. Consequently, CE increase the leaching degree of cement pastes with increasing the CE contents. Additionally, a non-destructive method is proposed to determine the leaching depth for CE-added cement pastes through establishing relationships between the leaching depth and damage factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105797"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural passivation and chloride corrosion resistance of Inconel 625 in OPC and CSA concrete pore solutions with different pH","authors":"Shuwen Shao , Mingzhi Guo , Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study considers the different engineering application environments for normal use and emergency repair of reinforced concrete structures. The natural passivation and chloride corrosion resistance of Inconel 625 in Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Calcium Sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) was first evaluated through electrochemical measurement and surface analysis techniques. OPC and CSA related to different pH values of pore solutions were selected while low carbon (LC) steel and 304 stainless steels (304SS) were also investigated as reference. The electrochemical test results showed that the passivation ability of 304SS and Inconel 625 in CSA solution was as well as or better than that in OPC solution, while LC steel could hardly be passivated in CSA solution. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results indicated that the thickness and integrity of the Inconel 625 passivation film were lower than that of 304SS. Notably, the thicknesses of Inconel 625 and 304SS in CSA solution are 4.6 nm and 5.2 nm, respectively. However, the corrosion resistance of Inconel 625 in chloride environments was significantly better than that of 304SS, which was attributed to the presence of highly corrosion-resistant Cr, Ni, and Mo compounds on the surface of Inconel 625 passivation film. Finally, based on the research results, the passivation and chloride corrosion resistance mechanism of Inconel 625 in OPC and CSA solutions was proposed, which may provide a reference and theoretical basis for the application of Inconel 625 in cement-based materials. In particular, the introduction of Inconel 625 is of great significance in improving the durability of concrete structures for emergency construction projects using CSA in complex and harsh environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105794"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}