Cement & concrete composites最新文献

{"title":"Effect of curing temperature on the carbonation kinetics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of CO2-cured pseudowollastonite","authors":"Junil Pae ,&nbsp;Namkon Lee ,&nbsp;Juhyuk Moon","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the influence of temperature (40–60 °C) on the carbonation kinetics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of CO₂-cured pseudowollastonite pastes. Results showed that the CaCO₃ content substantially increased with rising temperatures, reaching 37.21 % at 60 °C. Carbonation proceeded in two distinct phases: an initial rapid phase with an activation energy of 105.96 kJ/mol, followed by a diffusion-controlled phase. Elevated curing temperatures accelerated the first phase, promoting early strength development. Calcite was the predominant carbonation product, with minor amounts of vaterite, aragonite, and ACC forming at specific stages. Additionally. higher curing temperatures enhanced the leaching of Ca²⁺ from Ca-modified silica gel and increased silicate polymerization. It was also found out that higher curing temperature was effective strength development attributed to reduced crack thickness and lower porosity of hardened system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106441"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of polyurethane-shelled microcapsules using membrane emulsification for self-sealing cementitious applications","authors":"Claire Riordan ,&nbsp;Vanessa Giaretton Cappellesso ,&nbsp;Padmapriya Arul Kumar ,&nbsp;Liebert Parreiras Nogueira ,&nbsp;Siri Simonsen ,&nbsp;Elke Gruyaert ,&nbsp;Nele De Belie ,&nbsp;Kim Van Tittelboom ,&nbsp;Dave Palmer ,&nbsp;Abir Al-Tabbaa","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ingress of water into cementitious materials through cracks and other defects can lead to corrosion and decay. Numerous self-sealing methodologies have been implemented to combat the degradation. One such method is the use of capsule-based self-sealing methodologies, designed to be triggered when there is microcracking and, subsequently, release their cargo. However, challenges remain in ensuring consistent capsule stability, reliable distribution and triggering, and a scalable, cost-effective production method. In this study, polyurethane-shelled microcapsules containing Sikagard®-705L, a commercially available water repellent agent, were synthesised via membrane emulsification and interfacial polymerisation. By adjusting production flow rates, stabiliser concentrations, and shell formulations, the capsule size and size distribution were regulated and optimised. This enhanced the understanding of formulation-specific relationships between parameter changes and the resulting capsules. Further characterisation of the capsules was caried out, investigating the shell morphology via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal stability via thermogravimetric analysis, and stability over time via optical microscopy. The self-sealing effectiveness was then validated via water absorption tests, contact angle measurements of a cracked or cut cementitious surface containing microcapsules, and sufficient rupture and homogenous distribution throughout a specimen via SEM and micro computed tomography. It was seen that cracked mortar specimens (crack width of 300 μm on average) were successfully sealed after the microcapsules were integrated into the mortar and mechanically ruptured. To conclude, the optimised microcapsules were produced on a platform that facilitates size control and monodisperse distributions and successfully facilitated self-sealing within the cementitious matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106440"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145718351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing high early-strength one-part hybrid cement mortar via incorporating highly-reactive artificial slag and pre-treated gypsum","authors":"Hamdy A. Abdel-Gawwad ,&nbsp;Tamino Hirsch ,&nbsp;Se-Yun Kim ,&nbsp;Christian Lehmann ,&nbsp;Dietmar Stephan","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study focused on developing a high-early-strength hybrid cement mortar using a low binder content of only 10 vol% OPC, supplemented by artificial slag (AS) and finely ground limestone powder (LP). The key objective was achieved with incorporating sodium hydroxide-treated gypsum waste (GW), designated as DAN (dry activator, Na-based). The inclusion of DAN (at 2 wt% sodium oxide equivalent: Na₂Oeq) significantly accelerated early hydration of the hardened mortar, yielding a remarkable 1-day compressive strength of 31.9 ± 1.6 MPa, nearly double that of the control without an activator. However, it concurrently negatively impacted one-year compressive strength, which is linked to an increase in pore diameter and the predicted inhibition of straetlingite formation, as indicated by thermodynamic modeling. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and three-dimensional (3D) visualization revealed that this reduction is associated with clusters of low-density hydration products that formed early on and remain in the microstructure at later ages. In contrast, incorporating untreated GyW resulted in a lower early hydration acceleration rate but significantly enhanced the one-year compressive strength to 67.5 ± 0.8 MPa, surpassing that of DAN-containing mixtures (56.6 ± 1.8 MPa). This investigation elucidates a critical performance dichotomy, whereby untreated GyW emerges as a viable material for achieving superior long-term strength, while the treated GyW is demonstrated to enhance 1-day mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106451"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term durability and degradation mechanisms of 3D printed geopolymers (3DPG) with/without healing agents in marine environments","authors":"Xinhao Liu ,&nbsp;Jiajun Hu ,&nbsp;Guiyan Xiong ,&nbsp;Andrew Cundy ,&nbsp;Joerg Wiedenmann ,&nbsp;Xiqiang Lin ,&nbsp;Ming Xia ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degradation performance and mechanisms of 3D printed geopolymers (3DPG) under atmospheric (atmospheric zone, AZ), seawater submerged (submerged zone, SZ), intertidal (tidal zone, TZ) conditions over 12 months exposure were evaluated by monitoring their large-scale properties (apparent morphology, mass change, mechanical behavior), combined with microstructural analysis of pore structure and reaction product distribution, aggressive ions' penetration depth and distribution. AZ samples showed minimal mass change and steadily increasing strength over time. SZ samples' mass increased due to salt absorption, but surface aggregate precipitates; the mechanical strength first increased and then decreased. TZ samples' mass continuously losses, the mechanical strength first increased and then decreased. Notably, adding healing agent significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of 3DPG. 3DPG exhibited vertical layering pore distribution characteristics and had no high interlayer porosity defects after seawater erosion. With increasing erosion time, porosity increased in AZ samples; both SZ and TZ samples experienced decreasing porosity and reduced pore throat number and length. After seawater erosion, AZ samples formed geopolymer gel, Ca(OH)₂, CaCO₃, with minimal Cl⁻ or SO₄²⁻ penetration. SZ samples have geopolymer gel with deeper Cl⁻ penetration (6.0 mm) and SO₄²⁻ intrusion (2.0 mm). TZ samples contained gel and CaSO₄, showing the deepest Cl⁻ infiltration (&gt;10.0 mm) and an SO₄²⁻ enrichment peak at 2.0 mm depth. Prolonged erosion progressively leached Ca²⁺ from SZ and TZ samples, causing geopolymer decalcification, increasing the Na/Ca ratio, disrupting the gel's change balance and structural integrity, distorting the 3D network, reducing stability, with salt recrystallization caused by tidal action exacerbating damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106426"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local bond-slip behavior and mechanisms of steel fiber-UHPC matrix interface modified by nano-engineering","authors":"Xinyue Wang ,&nbsp;Xinkai Ma ,&nbsp;Ashraf Ashour ,&nbsp;Linwei Li ,&nbsp;Qishuai Wu ,&nbsp;Liangsheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Baoguo Han","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bond performance at the interface between steel fibers and the ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) matrix plays a critical role in determining the mechanical behavior of UHPC. While nano-engineering presents promising strategies to strengthen this interface, the localized bond-slip behavior of steel fibers in nano-engineered UHPC is not fully understood, owing to the complex microstructural features and pronounced stress heterogeneity along the interface resulting from the fiber-matrix modulus disparity. Combining pull-out tests, microstructural characterizations, theoretical modeling, and numerical simulations, this study elucidates two distinct mechanisms responsible for bond enhancement induced by nanofillers: the interface nano-modification effect and the transition zone nano-modification effect. The relative scale between nanofillers and steel fibers governs the enrichment or dilution of nanofillers at the interface, thereby affecting the modification efficacy within the transition zone. These mechanisms collectively contribute to a notable improvement in interfacial bond strength, reaching a peak value of 11.73 MPa—exceeding all previously reported results. The derived bond-slip constitutive models, grounded in these mechanistic insights, indicate that although nano-engineering can substantially improve the strength and durability of UHPC, it also leads to a reduction in ductility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106421"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rate-dependent fiber-matrix interface in ultra high-performance fiber reinforced concrete: Interface property determination","authors":"Ji Woon Park ,&nbsp;John E. Bolander ,&nbsp;Yun Mook Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying the rate dependency of the fiber-matrix interface is crucial to evaluating the dynamic behavior of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCCs). Numerous studies have directly conducted high-speed pullout tests on single or multiple fibers. However, current test methods are limited with respect to quantifying the effects of random fiber dispersion, irregular crack surfaces, and the resulting variations in the inclination and embedment length of fibers within FRCC materials. To address these needs, this study uses a novel inverse analysis procedure to accurately capture the dynamic pullout behavior of randomly distributed fibers in composite materials. This has been achieved using a recently developed multi-scale lattice model combined with an optimization algorithm. The numerical model is capable of simulating the mesoscale response of FRCCs while accounting for the rate-dependent fiber-matrix interface at the microscale. The inverse determination of rate-dependent behavior of the reinforcing fibers in strain hardening cementitious composites is consistent with experimental findings. The results provide new insights into the effects of multiple fiber bundling and inclination within the cementitious composite specimens. In particular, the analysis showed that multiple randomly oriented fibers caused more matrix spalling than single-fiber pullout tests, in agreement with experimental observations. Additionally, fiber pullout behavior was governed more by the propagation speed of the dominant crack than by the overall specimen displacement rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106423"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-mode piezoelectric (PZT) sensing for in-situ profiling of the evolution of dynamic properties in cement-based materials","authors":"Taejeong Lim ,&nbsp;Jin-Ho Hwang ,&nbsp;Yerim Byun ,&nbsp;Hyun Woo Park ,&nbsp;Dongho Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multi-mode piezoelectric sensing technique was developed for dynamic modulus characterization of cementitious materials, addressing the limitations of conventional methods. In this approach, the multi-mode piezoelectric (PZT) sensors were surface-mounted on specimens to enable non-destructive and real-time measurement. Without human intervention, the system simultaneously excites and analyzes axial and bending resonance modes within a single frequency sweep. The proposed multi-mode piezoelectric sensing system successfully enables the independent and real-time quantification of key dynamic properties—namely elastic modulus, dynamic Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, and shear modulus—in cement-based materials. For mortar, the dynamic modulus results and the existing prediction model showed an R² of 0.99, with only ∼1 % error compared to ASTM at 28 days. The study experimentally demonstrated that bending mode responses were particularly sensitive to internal moisture redistribution and microstructural discontinuities. Under controlled drying and thermal conditions, the evolution of dynamic properties was strongly governed by relative humidity and pore-size-driven self-desiccation rather than by simple mass loss due to evaporation. This underscores the superior sensitivity of multi-mode piezoelectric sensing to subtle microstructural changes that occur during hydration, drying, and thermal exposure. This multi-mode analysis can offer a promising pathway for robust, real-time, and in-situ monitoring and enhanced understanding of damage evolution in cement-based infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106445"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the role of geopolymer-electrode interfaces in ionic thermoelectrics: electrochemical activity and energy-level matching governing Seebeck behavior","authors":"Suxi Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Mao ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Lin ,&nbsp;Shikun Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Dongming Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on geopolymer-based ionic thermoelectrics has mainly focused on electrolytes while overlooking electrodes. Here, ionic transport blocking and reconstruction experiments show that bulk ions migration dominates the thermoelectric effect, with interfaces regulating this process. By introducing metallic and non-metal modified electrodes, we reveal electrode-dependent responses: Pt-geopolymer composite achieves the highest Seebeck coefficient (2.01 mV/K), whereas Ag-geopolymer composite exhibits polarity reversal. Mechanistic analysis indicates that interfacial microlayers of water act as gateways for ions entry and exit under a temperature gradient, with ion distribution and exchange governed by the electrochemical activity of the electrodes and their energy-level matching with the geopolymer. Specifically, well-matched, high-activity electrodes stabilize Na⁺ at the cold side and OH⁻ at the hot side, enhancing the Seebeck effect, while poorly matched, low-activity electrodes cause polarization instability and response degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106444"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind-driven carbonation process of steel slag under low moisture content","authors":"Kuizhou Liu ,&nbsp;Slyvester Yew Wang Chai ,&nbsp;Xilai Jiang ,&nbsp;Tung-Chai Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2026.106462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2026.106462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the significant water demand associated with conventional wet carbonation, this study proposes a wind-driven or suspension technique for steel slag (SS) carbonation under low moisture conditions. The results demonstrate that wind-suspended carbonation (WSC) requires only 2–3 % of the water used in wet carbonation, while achieving approximately 85 % of its carbonation level. Importantly, the low moisture environment leads to the formation of calcium carbonate (CC) with lower crystallinity and a reduced formation of the polymerized silica-rich phases compared to the conventional wet carbonation. These changes favor the formation of higher amounts of hemicarboaluminate and monocarboaluminate, resulting in a denser microstructure and improved mechanical strength of the cementitious material. Additionally, the in-situ formation of CC on the surface and its aggregation into larger particle sizes under low moisture condition carbonation (WSC route) enhances the fluidity of the cement paste, showing an increase of 12 % when the WSC SS replaces 15 % of cement. In contrast, the use of raw and wet carbonated SS decreases the fluidity of the pastes by 13 % and 16 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106462"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior and damage evolution of 3D-printed engineered cementitious composites at elevated temperatures: Insights from acoustic emission characterization","authors":"Jianhua Cheng ,&nbsp;Meng Chen ,&nbsp;Yulin Ge ,&nbsp;Tong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clarifying the elevated temperature behavior of 3D-printed concrete, which differs from that of cast counterparts due to anisotropy and weak interfacial bonding, is critical for promoting its safe application in civil and strategic infrastructure. This study investigated the mechanical behavior of mold-cast (MC) and 3D-printed engineered cementitious composites (3DP-ECC) over the range of 20–800 °C, and employed acoustic emission (AE) techniques to monitor internal damage evolution. The results revealed that the macroscopic mechanical properties of all ECC specimens peaked at 105 °C and subsequently deteriorated with increasing temperature. Although the mechanical anisotropy of 3DP-ECC diminished due to matrix degradation at elevated temperatures, its tensile, compressive, and flexural failure paths remained deflected by interlayer interfaces, demonstrating superior crack control capacity. Further AE signal analysis identified fiber melting as a critical point for accelerated internal damage, characterized by a 58.4 %–66.5 % decrease in AE events and an 88.8 %–91.2 % drop in AE energy. Moreover, 3DP-ECC exhibited less thermal damage and superior energy absorption capacity at elevated temperatures, with AE ring counts and energy values 16.3 %–125.7 % and 9.3 %–145.5 % higher than MC specimens, respectively. The optimal loading orientation was observed along the Y-direction. These findings offer thorough insights into the elevated temperature response of 3DP-ECC and provide guidance for the development of more fire-resistant 3D-printed materials and structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106425"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}