Cement & concrete composites最新文献

{"title":"Generation and stabilization of air bubbles in air-entrained belite-rich cement concrete","authors":"Jing Xie ,&nbsp;Xuanhan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiang Hu ,&nbsp;Zemei Wu ,&nbsp;Caijun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The air-entraining and bubble-stabilizing mechanisms of air-entraining agents (AEAs) in belite-rich cement (BRC) systems characterized by high C₂S/low C₃A remain unclear. This study conducted a comparative investigation on the bubble generation and stabilization behaviors of AEAs with different ionic types in BRC and portland cement (PC) concretes. The underlying mechanisms governing bubble dynamics were explored through comprehensive characterizations, including ionic composition analysis, surface tension measurements, Zeta potential tests, rheological property evaluations, and the chemical composition analysis of bubble shells. Results show that compared with PC concrete, AEAs exhibited lower bubble generation efficiency in BRC. This phenomenon is primarily driven by the lower Na⁺/K⁺ concentrations, ionic strength, and viscosity, as well as the higher SO₄²⁻/early-stage Ca²⁺ concentrations in BRC. Additionally, the air-void spacing factor in hardened BRC concrete with ionic AEAs was lower than that of PC, which can be attributed to the lower surface tension, and weaker bubble/AEAs - cement particle interaction in BRC system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106325"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale characterization of geopolymers modified with alkali-catalyzed nano-silica: Effects on dispersion and mechanical properties","authors":"Linke Yang ,&nbsp;Xinyao Hu ,&nbsp;Yizhou Liu ,&nbsp;Danning Zhou ,&nbsp;Bo Yuan ,&nbsp;Shun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengdong Luo ,&nbsp;Xinyu Li ,&nbsp;Dongzhao Jin ,&nbsp;Fu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nano-silica (NS) is widely used to enhance geopolymers, yet the influence of synthesis conditions (acidic vs. alkaline) on its dispersion and reactivity remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluates the multiscale effects of acid- and alkali-catalyzed NS on the performance of fly ash–slag blended geopolymers. Factors investigated include the NS synthesis condition (acid vs. alkali), dosage (0.16 wt%, 0.32 wt%), gel network density, elastic modulus distribution, pore structure, and mechanical properties. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), compressive strength testing, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) topography with modulus mapping, and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) with Guinier analysis were used to characterize structural and mechanical changes across scales. Results show that alkali-catalyzed NS exhibits superior dispersion, promoting denser and more homogeneous gel networks. At 0.16 wt%, it enhances compressive strength by 38.4 %, reduces surface roughness by ∼50 %, and lowers radius of gyration (<em>R</em>_g) by 18 %. In contrast, 0.32 wt% causes particle agglomeration, compromising microstructural integrity. SEM/EDS indicates that the alkali-catalyzed groups have pronounced Si and Al enrichment at interfaces, forming a dense, continuous C-(N)-A-S-H gel network. AFM modulus mapping and fitting reveal higher and more concentrated modulus peaks and longer correlation lengths, indicating a more uniform nanoscale structure. SAXS scattering curves and Guinier analysis results demonstrate stronger scattering intensity and smaller <em>R</em>_g, indicating improved porosity and significantly enhanced microstructural continuity. Overall, 0.16 wt% alkali-catalyzed NS presents a promising strategy for improving both strength and uniformity in geopolymers, offering guidance for the design of nano-modified sustainable binders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106324"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different activators on corrosion resistance of alkali-activated slag binder in CO2-rich water","authors":"Cong Yang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Liu ,&nbsp;Hengrui Jia ,&nbsp;Shichong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Leping Liu ,&nbsp;Mingxing Li ,&nbsp;Lurun Wu ,&nbsp;Zheng Chen ,&nbsp;Chaofan Yi ,&nbsp;Caijun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address critical challenge of structural durability of alkali-activated slag (AAS) cementitious materials exposed to CO₂-rich karst groundwater, a novel ternary composite activator (Na₂SO₄-Na₂O·1.5SiO₂-NaOH) was developed and its effectiveness was evaluated through comprehensive analysis of corrosion kinetics (mass variation, mechanical degradation, carbonation front progression) and multiscale microstructural evolution during prolonged corrosion ages. Results showed that the AAS under CO₂-rich water progresses through three distinct stages: (1) Leaching of Na⁺ and OH⁻;(2) Interlayer Ca²⁺ leaching from C-A-S-H gels and formation of CaCO₃; (3) Intralayer Ca²⁺ leaching from C-A-S-H gels and dissolution of CaCO₃. The ternary composite activator synergistically enhances durability by triple action. At first, Na₂O·1.5SiO₂ promotes the formation of dense C-A-S-H gels through the release of (SiO₄)^4-. And NaOH can stabilizes pore solution pH to inhibit acidification. In addition, Na₂SO₄ can refine pore structure while generating stable hydrotalcite and calcium sulfate phases. Optimal Na₂SO₄ content (20 %–40 % in Na₂O·1.5SiO₂ -based AAS; 30 %–50 % in NaOH-based AAS) reduces mass loss by 25 %–35 % and strength loss by 20 %–30 % compared to single activator. This work provides a novel strategy for designing low-carbon cementitious materials with superior resistance to aggressive karst groundwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106303"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon neutrality in alkali-activated slag (AAS): The role of biochar in AAS under carbonation curing","authors":"Nithya Nair,&nbsp;Adhora Tahsin,&nbsp;Warda Ashraf","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a carbon-neutral alkali-activated slag (AAS) composites by incorporating biochar. To achieve this, biochar dosages of 12 % and 15 % were incorporated, with corresponding AAS mixes containing 5 % and 7 % Na₂O dosages by weight of slag, respectively. The samples were subjected to accelerated carbonation curing for first three days; thereafter, kept at room temperature until testing. The AAS mortar specimens were evaluated for compressive strength following 3, 28, and 90 days of curing. Furthermore, paste samples were analyzed using various techniques, including chemical extraction analysis, TGA, FTIR, XRD, and BSE imaging, to gain insights into the microstructural characteristics. The results showed that incorporating biochar increased the compressive strength of AAS batches, with the mix containing 5 % Na₂O and 12 % biochar exhibiting a 53 % improvement after 90 days compared to the control at the same activator dosage. Microstructural studies showed that 5 % Na₂O concentration increased CaCO₃ formation, resulting in C-A-S-H decalcification. Due to the highly porous nature of biochar, the precipitated CaCO₃ occupies the empty pore space, leading to pore refinement, thereby improving the strength. In contrast, 7 % Na₂O concentration batches, with or without biochar, exhibited less CaCO₃ formation compared to 5 % Na₂O batches. Although the CaCO₃ formation in the 7 % Na₂O batch was similar regardless of the presence of biochar, the enhanced C-A-S-H formation from biochar incorporation improved the compressive strength of these samples. Therefore, this study presents a novel approach for incorporating biochar into AAS samples, resulting in a carbon-neutral cementitious composite with enhanced compressive strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106323"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the self-healing of concrete cracks under actual service oxygen conditions via mineralization of facultatively aerobic microbial consortia","authors":"Dongdong Wu ,&nbsp;Jiaguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Peize Wang ,&nbsp;Pei Gao ,&nbsp;Yuanzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Aijuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) offers a promising solution to reduce the maintenance costs of concrete structures by enabling self-healing of cracks. However, the availability of oxygen in the actual service environment may markedly impair the microbial mineralization efficiency, especially for aerobic bacteria. Moreover, axenic cultures exhibit lower adaptability to variable environments and higher costs in the isolation and cultivation process than nonaxenic cultures do. Facultatively aerobic microbial consortia (i.e., facultative nonaxenic cultures), which exhibit stable mineralization under both aerobic and anoxic conditions, were proposed in this study to improve the crack-healing capacity in an actual service environment. The self-healing ability of concrete cracks under ambient oxygen was tested via comparisons with axenic cultures such as urease-producing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Furthermore, the cooperative effects of fibers and the immobilization of preenhanced recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) were evaluated to further optimize the self-healing capacity and mechanical properties of the concrete. The test results revealed that the facultative nonaxenic cultures exhibited stable and efficient healing performance, achieving a crack surface area healing percentage of 76.7 % and an average healing depth of 33.08 mm after 56 days of healing. The incorporation of fibers further enhanced surface area and depth healing by 12.3 % and 13.4 %, respectively. Moreover, preenhanced RCAs as carriers improved the interfacial transition zones (ITZs) of the concrete, contributing to an increase in compressive strength of up to 12.7 %. The stable mineralization and high oxygen adaptability of facultative nonaxenic cultures enabled reliable crack healing under actual service oxygen conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106319"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of alginate gel nanosphere-based fluorescent fiber optic sensor and its application in chloride ion monitoring of cement paste","authors":"Liang Fan ,&nbsp;Zhenting Ma ,&nbsp;Nazhen Liu ,&nbsp;Yunfang Wan ,&nbsp;Jing Xiang ,&nbsp;Maomi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescent optical fiber sensors offer a promising non-destructive approach for chloride ion monitoring in reinforced concrete structures, though challenges such as dye leakage and reducing reusability hinder their practical application despite advantages in sensitivity and electromagnetic interference immunity. To address these issues, this study developed a fluorescent fiber optic sensor for non-destructive detection of chloride ion concentration in cement-based materials. By synthesizing fluorescent nanospheres of calcium carbonate-encapsulated Rhodamine 6G through nano-encapsulation technology, dye leaching was effectively prevented, and a chloride ion-sensitive membrane was fabricated and integrated into the fiber optic probe. The constructed sensing system exhibits excellent performance: a measurement error of &lt;3 %, reusability of 9–10 times, and a rapid response time of only 6 s. Practical monitoring demonstrated that the sensor can track chloride ion penetration behavior in cement paste in real-time within the range of 0.001–0.3 M. This technology provides a novel method for durability monitoring of concrete structures, offering significant engineering application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106318"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale insights into cobalt immobilization mechanisms of basic magnesium sulfate cement: Bridging macro/microstructural experiments to molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Taotao Feng ,&nbsp;Zhibin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongfa Yu ,&nbsp;Qianli Dong ,&nbsp;Yongshan Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immobilization of heavy metal Co²⁺ constitutes a critical challenge in treating cobalt-containing industrial waste to mitigate its environmental toxicity. This study investigates the effects of Co²⁺ incorporation on the mechanical properties and leaching toxicity of basic magnesium sulfate cement (BMSC). The immobilization mechanisms were systematically explored through microstructural characterization and molecular dynamics simulations. Results demonstrate that Co²⁺ introduction accelerates MgO hydrolysis and enhances the hydration exothermic rate during the induction period. However, it inhibits the nucleation and growth of 5·1·7 crystalline phases, thereby suppressing BMSC hydration and prolonging setting time with increasing Co²⁺ content. A 28-day compressive strength of approximately 50 MPa is attained by Co²⁺-incorporated BMSC matrices, accompanied by positive immobilization capacity. In addition, remarkable acid and water resistance are also observed. The Co²⁺ immobilization by BMSC arises from: (1) physical encapsulation within the dense matrix; (2) Co(OH)₂ precipitation during the induction period; 3) physical adsorption by the hydration products (Mg(OH)₂ and 5·1·7 phases). Notably, Mg(OH)₂ demonstrates superior initial adsorption capacity and binding strength for rapid immobilization, while 5·1·7 phases exhibit enhanced structural stability post-ion incorporation for long-term retention. This work reveals BMSC's potential as a high-performance immobilization material and proposes an innovative strategy for efficient immobilization of cobalt-laden solid wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106309"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of core-shell nanospheres on the carbonation development of cement mortars and its mechanism: synergistic effect of hydration and early CO2 uptake","authors":"Jiankun Xu ,&nbsp;Zhengxian Yang ,&nbsp;Zelong Zheng ,&nbsp;Demetris Nicolaides ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Carlo Marano ,&nbsp;Bruno Briseghella","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating and quantifying the impact of the introduction of nanomaterials on microscopic properties is crucial to ensure the carbonation resistance of nano-modified cementitious materials. In this paper, Titanium dioxide @Layered Double Hydroxide (TiO₂@LDH) nanospheres with core-shell structure were synthesized by two-step method and showed notable dispersion and stability in cementitious matrix. The effect of TiO₂@LDH on cement hydration, carbonation behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of mortar were investigated. The results show that under the effect of nucleation and refinement, the hydration degree of mortar containing TiO₂@LDH increases by 19.6 % and the total porosity decreases by 12.5 %, and the compressive strength increased by about 27.01 %. By adjusting the growth rate and particle size of CH crystals, the CO₂ absorption capacity of mortar increased by 28 %. The synergistic mechanism of TiO₂@LDH promoting hydration and early CO₂ uptake to improve the carbonation resistance of mortar was proposed. More importantly, based on the reduction of mortar porosity and the formation of early physical barriers, the carbonation resistance and gas permeability of mortar were reduced by 53.7 % and 79.7 %, respectively. This novel nano-control technology provides a promising alternative for the application and development of carbon sequestration in cementitious materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106310"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in High-Strength Engineered Geopolymer Composites (HS-EGC): Bridging sustainable construction and resilient infrastructure","authors":"Ling-Yu Xu ,&nbsp;Jian-Cong Lao ,&nbsp;Dan-Dan Shi ,&nbsp;Jingming Cai ,&nbsp;Tian-Yu Xie ,&nbsp;Bo-Tao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-Strength Engineered Geopolymer Composites (HS-EGC) have emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative to traditional High-Strength Engineered Cementitious Composites (HS-ECC) for sustainable infrastructure. For the first time, this review systematically summarizes the recent advances in HS-EGC technology, with a particular focus on successful cases achieving compressive strength over 80 MPa. Key parameters, including precursors, activators, aggregates, fibers, water content, additives, and curing conditions, are critically analyzed. In addition to technical parameters, mechanical properties, durability, structural performances, and sustainability of HS-EGC are also reviewed. While HS-EGC exhibited superior tensile ductility and durability alongside improved sustainability through industrial waste utilization, challenges remain regarding activator-related emissions, cost barriers, and scalability. This review provides practical guidance and research recommendations to support the optimized design and broader applications of HS-EGC in resilient infrastructure and sustainable construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 106307"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking barriers in underwater construction: A two-stage 3D printing system with on-demand material adaptation","authors":"Onur Ozturk,&nbsp;Caleb Lunsford,&nbsp;James Strait,&nbsp;Sriramya Duddukuri Nair","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underwater concreting remains one of the most challenging construction activities, which has resulted in the development of complex material formulations to minimize washout. The automation and customization offered by 3D concrete printing (3DCP) presents a promising pathway for advancing underwater construction but adds additionally complexity to material formulations. In this study, we highlight the capabilities of a two-stage 3DCP system that can inject an admixture at the nozzle with real-time dosage control (an in-built feature of the most two-stage systems). By printing samples with varying overhang angles in both air and underwater, we demonstrate the ability of the two-stage system to overcome major obstacles in underwater construction. In addition to providing real-time modification of extruded material properties, this approach eliminates the need for addition of anti-washout admixtures prior to pumping, which often comprise flowability and strength. While experiments were conducted in static water environments, the system's in-built real-time control mechanism suggests potential adaptability to fluctuating underwater conditions, warranting further investigation. Our findings offer a scalable, responsive framework for 3D printing that could transform the future of marine and offshore construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106306"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}