Cereal Research Communications最新文献

{"title":"Allelic variation and genetic diversity of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit- and α/β-gliadin encoding genes in tetraploid wheat","authors":"Zahra Moradi Kheibari, Reza Azizinezhad, Alimehras Mehrabi, Mahmood Khosrowshaheli, Alireza Etminan","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00527-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00527-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Allelic variations in storage-protein genes play a significant role in determining the properties of wheat flour. This study aimed to investigate allelic diversity in gene blocks encoding seed storage proteins in tetraploid wheat, specifically α/β-gliadin and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS). DNA was extracted from 90 rain-fed durum wheat genotypes, followed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 12 specific primers targeting <i>Gli-A2</i>, <i>Gli-B2</i>, <i>Glu-A3</i>, and <i>Glu-B3</i> gene loci. The PCR products were then analyzed on a 2% agarose gel. For the <i>Gli-A2</i> gene block, three pairs of specific primer identified a total of 13 alleles, while the <i>Gli-B2</i> gene block revealed two alleles using the gli-AS_2 primer. In the <i>Glu-A3</i> gene block, six primer pairs detected 42 alleles, and the <i>Glu-B3</i> gene block showed eight alleles using 2 primer pairs. In total, we identified 7 major alleles and 8 minor alleles at <i>Gli-2</i> loci, and 12 major alleles and 38 minor alleles at <i>Glu-3</i> loci. Different primers yielded varying banding patterns, with the highest alleles and banding pattern counts observed with Glu3A.1 primer. Genetic dissimilarities ranged from 0.030 (between G21 and G83) to 0.583 (between G4 and G51). Structure analysis categorized the durum wheat collection into five subpopulations. Results confirmed a substantial variation at the <i>Gli-2</i> and <i>Glu-3</i> loci in tetraploid wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing potential grain traits from pre-breeding backcross introgression lines of wild emmer wheat","authors":"Paramjot Singh, Sandeep Kaur Dhaliwal, Sarabjit Kaur, Maninder Kaur, G. S. Mavi, Parveen Chhuneja, Satinder Kaur","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00542-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00542-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grain size and grain weight are key productivity traits in wheat. The evolutionary lineage of cultivated wheat harbours haplotypes with fixed allele diversity leaving a limited genetic diversity for agronomic traits in modern wheat. But enormous variations for grain traits present in wild emmer wheat are unrealized and underutilized. The present investigation was planned to introgress novel alleles governing better alleles for traits of thousand grain weight (TGW), grain length (GL) and grain width (GW) from thirteen tetraploid accessions of wild emmer wheat (WEW) <i>Triticum dicoccoides</i> into five cultivated bread wheat varieties. The 196 backcross introgression lines (BILs) generated in current study had undergone intensive selection cycles for grain traits and yield performance for two backcross and 6 selfing generations. As a result, the distribution curve of BILs for traits was positively skewed and high mean for GL (6.7 mm), GW (3.1 mm) and TGW (36.25 g) was observed in BILs. TGW was significantly positively correlated with GL (0.60, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and GW (0.66, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The 196 BILs were genotyped with SSR markers and introgression of WEW genome in different BILs varied from 4 to 40%. A total of 8 BILs were finally selected from different crosses based on their consistence performance for high GL, GW and TGW in hexaploid background over years. The pre-breeding material generated in the present study houses huge amount of diversity from WEW and will be instrumental in wheat breeding programmes aimed at improving yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-anthesis dry matter dynamics in the internodes of wheat cultivars grown under contrasting conditions: associations among agro-physiological traits","authors":"Mehdi Joudi, Mohammad Esmailpour, Valiollah Mohammadi, Ali Ahmadi","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00541-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00541-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methodological problems in measuring carbohydrate accumulation and remobilization in wheat stem have led to inconsistent results. However, the assessment of an individual internode eliminates the underestimated accumulation and remobilization, and accordingly, improves their accurate calculation. Therefore, the present study aimed at measuring the amount of dry matter accumulation and remobilization in different internodes, as well as evaluating the possible associations between the two parameters at the internode level. Moreover, the influence of the stored reserves on the grain yield of wheat cultivars grown under contrasting conditions was examined. Eighteen cultivars were evaluated under well-watered (WW) and terminal drought stress (DS) conditions at a Mediterranean climate during 2007–2009, as well as under WW conditions in a subtropical climate during 2014–2015. Time-dependent changes in the weights of the internodes were measured after anthesis. The highest mean of dry matter accumulation and remobilization and contribution percentage of reserves to grain yield were observed in the lower internodes, followed by the penultimate and peduncle. The maximum weight of each stem internode generally correlated positively with the remobilized dry matter of that internode. Grain weight per spike was not related to dry matter remobilization of the internodes under all WW conditions. However, a significantly positive correlation was found between this trait and dry matter remobilization of the lower internodes under DS condition of the Mediterranean climate. Interestingly, the significant association was refuted by employing stem remobilization in the analysis, indicating the importance of the internode level in studying such associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing maize (Zea mays L.) tolerance to water stress using kaolin and potassium silicate as protective agents","authors":"Maria Iqbal, Rohina Bashir, Iqbal Hussain, Saqib Mahmood","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00532-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00532-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The application of potassium silicate fertilizers in agricultural sector is emerging as an efficient strategy in managing the effects of water stress on various crops. The current research investigates the protective role of silicon forms, namely kaolin (Al₄Si₄O₁₀ (OH)₈) and potassium silicate (K₂SiO₃) in alleviating the harmful impacts of water-deficit stress on maize. There are not sufficient reports on the protective role of these two silicon forms in alleviating water stress in maize. Maize genotypes: R-2315 (tolerant) and R-2317 (susceptible) were grown in plastic pots and water stress (60% field capacity) was applied at silking stage for 7 days. After imposition of water stress, 4% kaolin and 0.06% K₂SiO₃ was sprayed on plants. After 14 days of application of kaolin and K₂SiO₃, samples were collected. Under water stress, the treatment of kaolin and K₂SiO₃ significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) enhanced the shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, in both maize genotypes (R-2315 and R-2317). Furthermore, applications of kaolin and K₂SiO₃ significantly improved stomatal conductance (<i>g</i>_s), rate of photosynthesis (<i>A</i>), transpiration rate (<i>E</i>), and relative water contents (RWC) under applied water stress. Treatments of kaolin and K₂SiO₃ also showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress parameters like malondialdehyde, relative membrane permeability and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) contents by increasing activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, non-enzymatic antioxidant (anthocyanins, flavonoids, ascorbic acid), and osmolytes (proline, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, anthocyanin), under water deficit stress. Conclusively, among treatments and genotypes, application of K₂SiO₃ and R-2315 showed maximum improvement in growth, morphological and biochemical attributes under water stress. These findings demonstrated that kaolin and K₂SiO₃ foliar application could be adapted as an effective strategy to control the negative impacts of water stress in crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Identification of low phosphorus tolerant parental lines of hybrid rice based on stress indices and haplotype analysis using Pup1 linked markers","authors":"N. Madhusudan, R. M. Sundaram, P. Beulah, V. Jaldhani, M. R. Lakshmikanth, M. S. Anantha, P. Revathi, C. Gireesh, R. Gobinath, H. K. Mahadeva Swamy, A. S. HariPrasad, R. Mahender Kumar, K. V. Radhakrishna, P. Senguttuvel","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00531-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00531-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation impact of SiO2 nanoparticles and mycorrhiza on wheat growth and yield under late-season drought stress","authors":"Somayeh Direkvandy, Hamid Reza Eisvand, Khosro Azizi, Omidali Akbarpour, Donald L. Smith","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00526-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00526-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wheat grain yields are reduced due to late-season drought, posing a challenge for cultivated areas that experiencing water scarcity. This research explores the impact of Nano-SiO₂ and mycorrhiza on wheat, aiming to mitigate drought effects. A two-year experiment was carried out with three factors and three replications. The factors were the interruption of irrigation (control, stopping irrigation at the end of the booting stage and stopping irrigation at the end of the flowering stage), foliar application of Nano-SiO₂ (0, 40 and 80 mg L⁻¹) and mycorrhiza application (0 and 200 kg ha⁻¹). The results indicated that drought stress decreased leaf area index, variable fluorescence (Fv), Fv/maximum fluorescence (Fm), stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, sub stomatal CO₂ concentration and grain yield. Drought stress increased the grain protein percentage, and stomatal density. Application of Nano-SiO₂ and mycorrhiza increased grain yield. Nano-SiO₂ balances stomatal conductance and makes plants more drought-resistant by increasing the amount of silicon in leaves, leading to improved yield. Conversely, mycorrhiza may have played an important role in absorbing phosphorus and other elements from the soil in addition to absorbing moisture, which ultimately resulted in a drought-resistant plant. The combined treatment of mychorriza + foliar application of Nano-SiO₂ (80 mg L⁻¹) increased grain yield by 39.43% under severe drought conditions (stopping irrigation at the end of the booting stage). In summary, the soil application of mycorrhiza and foliar Nano-SiO₂ is recommended for wheat production in regions where water deficit is a common issue during late-season wheat growth stages. Exploring the utilization of Nano-SiO₂ over an extended period throughout the wheat growth, alongside mycorrhiza application, appears to offer promising prospects for future research. Such endeavors aim to mitigate the impacts of drought stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-enzymatic glycation: an essential modification of barley proteins affecting beer quality—brief review","authors":"Janette Bobalova, Dana Strouhalova","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00530-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00530-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article focuses on the most important barley proteins and proteomic studies of barley in the brewing context. Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) is one of the first cereals cultivated for human consumption, and its main use is for malting purposes, most commonly in the brewing industry. Since protein composition and modification are of great importance for malt and beer quality, proteomic studies of barley can potentially improve the malting and brewing process. In this context, we focus on monitoring protein Z glycation, which fundamentally influences beer properties such as haze and head quality. Similarly, lipid transfer proteins show high stability to heating and proteolysis and are also glycated to varying degrees by Maillard reactions in malt and beer. Some studies have shown that glycated forms can prevent precipitation and degradation of proteins during brewing, and these forms may also contribute to foam formation and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular assessment of genetic diversity of Tanzanian and aflatoxin-resistant maize (Zea mays. L) accessions","authors":"Gregory F. Bundala, Marco Mng’ong’o, Arnold A. Mushongi, Pavithravani B. Venkataramana","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00534-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00534-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genetic distance information for various maize accessions is important for germplasm improvement and breeding program. However, this information is limited in most of the developing countries such as Tanzania. The present study was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity between Tanzanian maize accessions and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) lines as a strategy to create heterotic groups for maize breeding. Thirty Tanzanian maize accessions (14 inbred lines, 8 open-pollinated varieties, and 8 landraces) and 10 tester lines from CIMMYT were studied to estimate the molecular genetic variability using Euclidean distance determined by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Fifteen SSR markers, resulting in general maize alleles, were used to determine genetic diversity, where 13 markers were amplified with an average PIC of 0.73. Where a moderate genetic distance between Tanzanian maize accessions and resistant lines, ranging from 0.13 to 0.57, was determined. The 40 maize genotypes (testers and accessions) were studied by using SSR markers classified into three major groups and further divided into 5 subgroups, which were later used to create the heterotic groups. The heterotic groups drawn and determined in phylogenetic tree showed distinct variations among studied genotypes. The study concludes that there is significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) genetic diversity among the maize genotypes, which are essential breeding materials for producing superior maize hybrids with high combining ability and high heritability of traits of interest, such as high yielding and resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Thus, Tanzanian maize breeders can utilize the available maize genotypes to develop hybrids with high yield and resistance to aflatoxin contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of sheath blight resistant genotype of rice by mutation breeding and gene expression profiling after inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"Reeshu Singh, Devendra Kumar Dwivedi, Anurag Mishra, Ashutosh Singh","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00533-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00533-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sheath blight (ShB) is one of the most economically devastating disease affecting rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) crop globally. It is caused by <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Kühn. Still, there is no rice variety available that is highly resistant to ShB. Mutation breeding is one of the potential options and very less explored to develop ShB-resistant cultivars. It introduces genetic variability in desired traits. In the present investigation, mutagen sodium azide 0.03% was used for mutation of the Swarna variety for the creation of variability of ShB resistance. All total 1000 M1 plants with control were screened for ShB resistance by artificial inoculation and based on disease scores of ShB 46 contrasting M2 lines for ShB resistance were selected. The M2 lines were screened under field and humid chamber conditions. In both conditions, mutant lines were performed consistently and identified highly resistant and susceptible ShB lines. A total of 7 contrasting M2 lines with control were used for protein expression analysis and resistant lines gave an extra band between 33 and 44 kDa. Further, it was confirmed by gene expression study these proteins were pathogen-related (PR) proteins and caused the tolerant nature of ShB resistant lines. Hence, this study provides ShB tolerant line that could be advanced and used for ShB resistant variety development. Overexpression of PR genes, which may be useful as targets for crop improvement is linked to disease resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141146543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The introduction of pre-culture, washing and pre-selection stages enhances rice transformation efficiency by reducing Agrobacterium overgrowth","authors":"Monoj Sutradhar, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Subhasis Samanta, Md. Nasim Ali, Nirmal Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00529-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00529-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Agrobacterium</i> <i>tumefaciens</i>-mediated rice transformation efficiency depends on several factors such as genotype, type of explant, media composition and growth regulators, co-cultivation conditions, antibiotics, temperature, <i>A.</i> <i>tumefaciens</i> strain and their cell density, gene construct, explant competence after wounding, and control of <i>A.</i> <i>tumefaciens</i> overgrowth. Most of these issues have been addressed earlier, but only for a few elite <i>indica</i> rice cultivars like IR64, IR72, Pusa Basmati 1, Samba Mahsuri, etc. Besides these, there are some local cultivars having considerable consumers' preference and farmers' choice. Considering these aspects, the objective of the study was to standardize the callus transformation technique. In our earlier study, a popular rice variety, Khitish (IET 4094) from West Bengal, was found to be the most amenable genotype for indirect regeneration. Hence, this variety was selected for transformation experiments with <i>A.</i> <i>tumefaciens</i> strain LBA4404 harbouring the binary vector pCAMBIA2301. Here, the co-cultivation-based transformation protocol was optimized by introducing several steps such as pre-culture in co-cultivation media before callus infection, washing with antibiotics dissolved in MS instead of water after co-cultivation, and pre-selection with only <i>Agrobacterium</i> elimination antibiotics after washing–drying step. To control the <i>Agrobacterium</i>, a combination of cefotaxime and timentin was used during these steps. This resulted in lowest <i>Agrobacterium</i> overgrowth and highest transformation frequency (28.2% in Khitish). The transient expression and stable integration of foreign gene were confirmed by GUS assay and PCR amplification of <i>npt</i>II selection marker gene in <i>T</i>₀ plant genomic DNA, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141146585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}