Sonakshi Garg, Neerja Sharma, Archana Kumari, Manju Bala, Rupinder Kaur
{"title":"Impact of parboiling on nutritionally important starch fractions, pasting properties, and in vitro starch digestibility of rice genotypes","authors":"Sonakshi Garg, Neerja Sharma, Archana Kumari, Manju Bala, Rupinder Kaur","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00547-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00547-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present study, comparative evaluation of parboiled and non-parboiled rice genotypes was carried out to assess the variability in grain color, amylose content, nutritionally important starch fractions, and pasting properties along with in vitro starch and protein digestibility. The parboiling process involved steaming of paddy, followed by soaking overnight, and again steaming for a short duration to achieve the desired gelatinization of starch granules. Parboiling decreased the whiteness (~ 1.16-fold) of milled rice, while the amylose content was unaffected. Total starch (TS) and rapidly digestible starch decreased significantly by ~ 1.04- and 1.08-folds (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05), respectively, while a significant increase of ~ 1.11- and 1.18-folds was observed in slowly digestible starch and resistant starch, respectively. In vitro starch digestibility and predicted glycemic index of parboiled rice decreased significantly. The pasting temperature increased significantly (~ 1.14-fold) with parboiling, while peak viscosity (1.96-fold), breakdown viscosity (3.59-fold), and final viscosity (~ 1.83-fold) decreased due to parboiling. The in vitro protein digestibility of parboiled rice also decreased significantly (~ 1.14-fold) after parboiling. It is therefore concluded that parboiling is a good alternative to conserve and increase nutritional and processing quality of rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Said Bouhraoua, Mohamed Ferioun, Abdelali Boussakouran, Douae Belahcen, Nassira Srhiouar, Khalil Hammani, Said Louahlia
{"title":"Physio-biochemical responses and yield performance of North African barley genotypes submitted to moderate and severe salinity","authors":"Said Bouhraoua, Mohamed Ferioun, Abdelali Boussakouran, Douae Belahcen, Nassira Srhiouar, Khalil Hammani, Said Louahlia","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00549-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00549-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Barley is the second most consumed and cultivated cereal in Morocco after wheat. This study aims to explore the effect of salt stress on nine barley genotypes of different North African origins. Plants were exposed to moderate (8 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) and high (12 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) salinity levels. At the reproductive stage, physiological, biochemical traits and yield components were measured. Our results revealed that genotypes substantially differed in their responses to moderate and severe salt stress conditions. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant effects of the salinity, origin, type, and their interactions. Interestingly, barley plants exposed to salt stress exhibited a high increase in shoot electrolyte leakage, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio, hydrogen peroxide, and Malondialdehyde contents. Moreover, salt-tolerant barley genotypes showed high osmo-protectant accumulation ability with increases in proline content, soluble sugars content, and proteins content under salinity compared to the control. A significant rise in antioxidant enzyme activities in shoots of all genotypes was recorded under both moderate and severe salinity levels, leading to varying growth responses among the genotypes subjected to salt stress. Furthermore, a stepwise regression revealed that under salinity stress conditions, hydrogen peroxide level was the most predominant trait and had the maximum effect on kernel weight and grain yield. As a consequence, the role of oxidative and osmotic homeostasis adjustment in preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species and in maintaining considerable yield rate sustain, water use efficiency, and uptake of essential ions balanced maintenance under salt stress is emphasized. This confers the ability to survive under stress conditions as a genetic source for developing salt-tolerant breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141746111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of wheat starch synthase III revealed existence of two copies differentially expressed under heat stress","authors":"Vishnu Kumar, Bipramani Nameirakpam, Tamilarasi Murugesh, Pragya Pragya, Anurag Mishra, Sourav Panigrahi, Yaswant Kumar Pankaj, Rajeev Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00553-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00553-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Starch is the most critical source of energy and constitutes 65–80% of the wheat grain. Starch synthase (SS) is a key regulator of starch metabolism. Among its five isoforms, SSIII plays a pivotal role in phytoglycogen accumulation. In wheat, it is associated with starch accumulation but is sensitive to heat stress. In silico characterization indicated two homologous copies of the TaSSIII genes (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> starch synthase III genes), TaSSIIIa and TaSSIIIb. TaSSIIIa shares maximum similarity with HvSSIIIa, whereas TaSSIIIb exhibits maximum similarity with OsSSIIIb. It encodes proteins with an N-terminal transit peptide, an SSIII specific domain, a C-terminal catalytic domain, and a conserved glycosyltransferase domain with variations among the homoeologs. The catalytic domain has N-glycosylation motifs, with different numbers in the two homologs. ADP glucose-binding motifs are present in the SS-CD and GT-1 domains. ADP-binding pockets are present at the C-terminus of the catalytic domains. Maximum heterogen ligands are found in TaSSIIIa1B and minimum in TaSSIIIb2B. TaSSIIIb is expressed in leaf, stem, root, spike, and grain, and in much higher amounts than TaSSIIIa. Pot-grown wheat genotypes showed heat stress-induced upregulation of the genes TaSSIIIa1D and TaSSIIIb2D in the flag leaf. The tolerant genotype showed a significantly higher fold increase in the transcript levels under heat stress. Under the stress in the field, transcript level change for TaSSIIIa1D was higher in peduncle as compared to flag leaf, and that of TaSSIIIb2D was not significantly different between tissues. Homoeologous copies of the gene have tissue and genotype-specific expression, are influenced by heat stress, and thus may play a role in the homeostasis of starch metabolism under stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141721329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Nickhil, Raj Singh, Sankar Chandra Deka, R.Nisha
{"title":"Exploring finger millet storage: an in-depth review of challenges, innovations, and sustainable practices","authors":"C. Nickhil, Raj Singh, Sankar Chandra Deka, R.Nisha","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00550-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00550-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The storage of finger millet, an essential and resilient staple crop in many regions, poses a multifaceted challenge due to various factors such as susceptibility to pests, molds, and nutritional degradation, as well as the lack of proper infrastructure and knowledge. This comprehensive review seeks to shed light on the intricate web of challenges that afflict finger millet storage systems while also exploring a spectrum of innovative solutions and sustainable practices that have been developed to address these pressing issues. These solutions encompass a wide array of approaches, from the utilization of natural and synthetic storage protectants, improved storage structures, and enhanced post-harvest technologies, to the utilization of environmentally friendly and biodegradable materials. Additionally, the review underscores the importance of community-based knowledge sharing and capacity building initiatives, emphasizing the need for local communities to actively participate in and benefit from these innovations. By focusing on eco-friendly and culturally sensitive storage practices, this review aims to enhance food security, reduce post-harvest losses, and promote sustainability in finger millet cultivation, thereby contributing to the overall well-being of communities reliant on this vital crop.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajan Kamboj, Maha Singh Jaglan, Surender Singh Yadav, Mandeep Rathee
{"title":"Seasonal abundance of planthoppers and natural enemies: correlation with weather parameters under direct seeded and transplanted basmati rice","authors":"Rajan Kamboj, Maha Singh Jaglan, Surender Singh Yadav, Mandeep Rathee","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00548-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00548-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present investigations were carried out over two consecutive <i>Kharif</i> seasons (2019 and 2020) to study the population dynamics of brown planthopper (BPH) [<i>Nilaparvata lugens</i> (stal.)], white backed planthopper (WBPH) [<i>Sogatella furcifera</i> (Horvath)] and green leaf hopper (GLH) [<i>Nephotettix virescens</i> (Distant)] in basmati rice cultivar CSR 30 under field conditions at the CCS HAU, Regional Research Station, Uchani, Karnal. The maximum population of <i>N. lugens</i> was observed during 37th and 39th SMW (381.1 and 483.0 BPH/10 hills) and that of <i>S. furcifera</i> during 35th and 39th SMW (157.1 and 184.0 WBPH/10 hills) and <i>N. virescens</i> during 32nd SMW (5.4 and 6.3 GLH/10 hills) in transplanted rice (TPR) during <i>Kharif</i>, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The population of planthoppers was significantly lower in direct seeded rice (DSR), population of <i>N. lugens</i> [370.0 and 420.7 BPH/10 hills; <i>S. furcifera</i> was 255.0 and 349.0 WBPH/10 hills; and <i>N. virescens</i> 3.9 and 4.2 GLH/10 hills] during <i>Kharif</i>, 2019 and 2020, repsectively. Correlation studies revealed a positive and significant effect of mean maximum temperature and mean sunshine hours on the population of BPH, WBPH and GLH; moreover, the mean population of natural enemies viz., mirid bugs, spiders and coccinellids exhibited a highly significant and positive correlation with the mean BPH and WBPH population in DSR as well as TPR during both the years of study. The peak incidence of natural enemies (predators), mirid bugs (69.5 and 65.3 mirid bugs/10 hills) and coccinellids (1.47 and 1.23 coccinellids/10 hills) was recorded during 37th SMW, while spiders were at peak during 39th SMW (24.1 and 21.6 spiders/10 hills) in TPR and DSR during <i>Kharif</i>, 2019. A similar trend of natural enemy populations was observed during <i>Kharif</i>, 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad M. Alqudah, Amr Elkelish, Essa M. Saied, Amnah M. Alamri, Dalia Z. Alomari, Samar G. Thabet
{"title":"Candidate gene discovery for the biofortification of wheat grains with essential micronutrients for global food security","authors":"Ahmad M. Alqudah, Amr Elkelish, Essa M. Saied, Amnah M. Alamri, Dalia Z. Alomari, Samar G. Thabet","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00538-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00538-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mineral biofortification of wheat grains is a critical aspect of agricultural research and development that aims to enhance the nutritional content of wheat, a staple food consumed worldwide. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of desirable alleles underpinning micronutrients is important for wheat biofortification. A diverse collection of 111 wheat genotypes was evaluated for two years to measure micronutrient concentrations such as iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). Our study showed significant natural phenotypic variation for all of the studied minerals underlying both years and genotype means with normal distribution. GWAS analysis revealed 303 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were associated with all micronutrients in the wheat panel. Highly significant markers were detected to be near several potential candidate genes that have crucial roles in enhanced mineral accumulation in wheat grains. Markedly, the gene <i>TraesCS1A02G402400</i> that mapped on chromosome 1A was annotated as a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) that was revealed to control the variation of the grain contents of Zn and Fe. Understanding the role of MAPKs in mineral accumulation offers potential pathways for enhancing the nutritional quality of wheat through biofortification. In conclusion, advances in genomic technologies and a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying mineral accumulation are paving the way for the development of wheat cultivars with improved nutritional qualities, contributing to the alleviation of micronutrient deficiencies worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of inherent chemical composition of wheat and various processing technologies on whole wheat flour and its final products","authors":"Maninder Meenu, Satveer Kaur, Mona Yadav, Anjali Sharma, Vandita Tiwari, Usman Ali, Lakshmi Giri, Amneet Kaur Badwal, Monika Garg","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00544-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00544-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cereals, including wheat, play a crucial role in human nutrition, providing a significant proportion of dietary energy and essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Wheat, in particular, is one of the most important staple crops consumed globally, accounting for a significant portion of the world’s food supply. Wheat kernels are composed of three main parts, bran, germ, and endosperm, which are milled into flour used to make various food products, including bread, pasta, cakes, and cookies. Wheat has a significant amount of dietary fiber, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. The present review represents the impact of various chemical, physical and biological treatments to improve the overall quality and storage stability of wheat grain, flour and resultant products. This review article highlights the impact of these various treatments on the physicochemical, nutritional, and functional characteristics of wheat-based products, as well as their storage stability. By selecting appropriate processing techniques, food manufacturers can develop final products with desirable characteristics and enhanced storage stability, providing consumers with nutritious and safe food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debabrata Panda, Prafulla K. Behera, Sangram K. Lenka
{"title":"The influence of leaf vein density on yield physiology of indica rice landraces from Eastern Ghats of India","authors":"Debabrata Panda, Prafulla K. Behera, Sangram K. Lenka","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00545-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00545-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Introspection of leaf gas exchange and vein density in different rice varieties is a crucial prerequisite for efficient photosynthesis and breeding programs aiming to boost photosynthesis. The objectives of the study were to explore the genetic variation for vein density, leaf gas exchange and yield traits in rice. The present study evaluated leaf gas exchange, vein density, panicle and yield traits in traditional rice landraces that were compared with high-yielding varieties as control. Significant varietal differences observed in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photochemical efficiency of PSII, vein density and grain yield in evaluating genotypes. The study resulted that Dudhamani, Haldichudi, Kalajeera, Muktabali, Bastabhoga and Machhakanta recorded higher vein density and leaf <i>P</i><sub>N</sub> at par with the high-yielding IR64 variety. The leaf vein density was positively correlated with <i>P</i><sub>N</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.717), gs (<i>r</i> = 0.716) and grain yield (<i>r</i> = 0.282). The selected rice genotypes for improved high leaf vein density and stomatal conductance for enhanced photosynthesis that will increase the grain yield per plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New records of Bipolaris from Algeria causing leaf spots of corn including two new pathogens on the host, a challenge to corn silage production","authors":"Abdenour Zibani, Monica Marian, Oana Sicora, Hamida Benslimane","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00546-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00546-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungi, especially <i>Bipolaris</i> species, seem to be among the main causative agents of leaf diseases of corn in Algeria. This study aimed to investigate fungal species associated with these diseases in northern Algeria. For this purpose, corn leaves exhibiting spot and blight symptoms were collected from different fields across Algiers and Boumerdes regions. A total of 53 fungal isolates were recovered from the leaf samples and identified using morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with intervening 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>GAPDH</i>) and translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>TEF1</i>) genes. All isolates were initially assigned to the <i>Bipolaris</i> genus based on conidial morphology and germination. Based on morphology and multi-locus phylogeny, the isolates were identified as <i>B. cynodontis</i> (15 isolates), <i>B. salkadehensis</i> (15 isolates), <i>B. variabilis</i> (11 isolates), and <i>B. zeae</i> (12 isolates). <i>B. variabilis</i> and <i>B. zeae</i> are closely related phylogenetically and displayed very similar morphological characteristics. Additionally, they were more aggressive and invasive in pathogenicity tests compared to <i>B. cynodontis</i> and <i>B. salkadehensis</i> which showed weak infections. This is the first documented occurrence of these four pathogens in Algeria and the first record of <i>B. salkadehensis</i> and <i>B. variabilis</i> on corn worldwide, providing useful information for disease diagnosis, prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of microbial seed endophytes in agriculture: mechanisms and applications","authors":"Gustavo Santoyo, Ajay kumar, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00543-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00543-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants have microbial companions inhabiting a hidden world within their tissues that play relevant roles in their environmental fitness. Some of these beneficial microorganisms can colonize seeds by exerting a functional echo in future generations. In this study, we review the most recent advances in microbial endophytes residing in seeds and their ecological functions, including the reproductive stage, from germination to adulthood. Similar to free-living plant growth-promoting microorganisms, microbial endophytes, whether bacteria or fungi, exhibit similar direct (e.g., facilitation of resources and regulation of phytohormones) and indirect (e.g., antibiosis and induced systemic resistance) action mechanisms, which are also analyzed. Finally, some agro-biotechnological applications of microbial endophytes and their advantages of being inherited through seeds are discussed, such as facilitating their field application and ensuring that their beneficial actions increase crop health and sustainable production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}