Child development research最新文献_第3页

Adolescent Social Anxiety and Substance Use: The Role of Susceptibility to Peer Pressure 青少年社交焦虑与物质使用:同伴压力易感性的作用

Child development research Pub Date : 2016-09-15 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9468972

A. W. Blöte, A. Miers, P. Westenberg

引用次数: 5

Integrating Orthographic and Phonological Knowledge in Early Readers: Implicit and Explicit Knowledge 整合早期读者的正字法和音系知识:内隐和外显知识

Child development research Pub Date : 2016-09-04 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6036129

Tanya Kaefer

引用次数: 7

Differences between Estimation and Real Performance in School-Age Children: Fundamental Movement Skills 学龄儿童评估与真实表现的差异:基本运动技能

Child development research Pub Date : 2016-07-05 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3795956

Gabriela Almeida, C. Luz, Rui Martins, R. Cordovil

{"title":"Differences between Estimation and Real Performance in School-Age Children: Fundamental Movement Skills","authors":"Gabriela Almeida, C. Luz, Rui Martins, R. Cordovil","doi":"10.1155/2016/3795956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3795956","url":null,"abstract":"Observations in studies of estimation compared to actual performance in motor skills revealed that children are not always accurate and have a tendency to overestimate the maximum distance at which an action can be performed. The relationship between estimated and real motor competences was analyzed for several tasks: standing long jump (SLJ), throwing and kicking, and walking backwards (WB) on a balance beam. Children were asked to predict their maximum distance prior to performing those tasks. Participants were 303 children (160 boys), which were between 6 and 10 years of age (, ). Children’s estimations were compared with their real performance to determine their accuracy. Absolute error (real performance − estimation) and error tendency, that is, the direction of the error (overestimation, accuracy, and underestimation bias), were calculated. Children had a tendency to overestimate their performance and were more conservative in the WB task, a noncommon action. In general, it is possible to conclude that children, in the studied age span, tend to overestimate their performance, particularly in familiar skills. This fact may be determinant to the development of their motor competences, since they are more likely to engage and persist in motor tasks, but it might also be a problem in terms of child safety because it could increase the occurrence of unintended injuries.","PeriodicalId":9783,"journal":{"name":"Child development research","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/3795956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64348426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Measurement of Perceived Parental Success Standards in Sport and Relations with Athletes’ Self-Esteem, Performance Anxiety, and Achievement Goal Orientation: Comparing Parental and Coach Influences 体育运动中感知父母成功标准的测量及其与运动员自尊、表现焦虑和成就目标取向的关系:比较父母和教练的影响

Child development research Pub Date : 2016-03-23 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7056075

Frank J. Schwebel, Ronald E Smith, F. Smoll

{"title":"Measurement of Perceived Parental Success Standards in Sport and Relations with Athletes’ Self-Esteem, Performance Anxiety, and Achievement Goal Orientation: Comparing Parental and Coach Influences","authors":"Frank J. Schwebel, Ronald E Smith, F. Smoll","doi":"10.1155/2016/7056075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7056075","url":null,"abstract":"The Perceived Parent Success Standards Scale (PPSSS), adapted from the Perception of Success Questionnaire constructed by Roberts et al. (1998) to measure athletes’ achievement goal orientation, provides a measure of athletes’ perceptions of mastery- and ego-oriented parental success criteria, a central component of parental motivational climate. This study focused on 543 young athletes (ages 9–16) on 82 teams in recreational basketball leagues. The PPSSS exhibited strong factorial validity, construct validity, and orthogonality between ego and mastery factors that allow for different combinations of these factors to be tested. We also compared the impact of the motivational climates created by coaches and success standards conveyed by parents on postseason athlete outcome measures of anxiety, self-esteem, and achievement goal orientation. Correlational and multilevel regression analyses revealed that both coach and parent variables were significantly related to the athlete variables. However, mediational analyses indicated that parental success standards mediated relations between coach-initiated climate and all of the outcome variables, reflecting the power of parental socialization processes. We discuss potential reasons for the greater parental influence shown in this and a previous study, and we suggest directions for further research as well as possible interventions that can help both coaches and parents create a more positive athletic environment for young athletes.","PeriodicalId":9783,"journal":{"name":"Child development research","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/7056075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64502607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Ingroup/Outgroup Attitudes and Group Evaluations: The Role of Competition in British Classroom Settings 群体内/群体外态度与群体评价:竞争在英国课堂环境中的作用

Child development research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8649132

Virginia L. Lam, Jodi-Ann Seaton

{"title":"Ingroup/Outgroup Attitudes and Group Evaluations: The Role of Competition in British Classroom Settings","authors":"Virginia L. Lam, Jodi-Ann Seaton","doi":"10.1155/2016/8649132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8649132","url":null,"abstract":"Children’s intergroup bias is one of the consequences of their readiness to categorise people into ingroups and outgroups, even when groups are assigned arbitrarily. The present study examined the influence of intergroup competition on children’s ingroup and outgroup attitudes developed within the minimal-group setting in British classrooms. One hundred and twelve children in two age groups (6-7- and 9-10-year-olds) were assessed on classification skills and self-esteem before being allocated to one of two colour “teams.” In the experimental condition, children were told that the teams would have a competition after two weeks and teachers made regular use of these teams to organise activities. In the control condition, where no competition ensued, teachers did not refer to “teams.” Then children completed trait attributions to their own-team (ingroup) and other-team (outgroup) members and group evaluations. It was found that children developed positive ingroup bias across conditions, but outgroup negative bias was shown only by 6-7-year-olds in the experimental condition, particularly if they lost the competition, where they evaluated their team more critically. Better classification skills were associated with less negativity towards the outgroup in the experimental condition. Findings are discussed in relation to relevant theoretical premises and particulars of the intergroup context.","PeriodicalId":9783,"journal":{"name":"Child development research","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/8649132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64579408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Community-Based Family Literacy Program: Comparing Different Durations and Family Characteristics 社区家庭扫盲计划:比较不同持续时间和家庭特征

Child development research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4593167

YaeBin Kim, Teresa A. Byington

引用次数: 7

Appearances Are Deceiving: Observing the World as It Looks and How It Really Is—Theory of Mind Performances Investigated in 3-, 4-, and 5-Year-Old Children 外表是骗人的:观察世界的样子和它的真实面目——对三、四、五岁儿童的心理表现理论调查

Child development research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5270924

L. Bigozzi, A. D. Cosimo, G. Vettori

引用次数: 3

Infants Actively Construct and Update Their Representations of Physical Events: Evidence from Change Detection by 12-Month-Olds 婴儿积极构建和更新他们的物理事件表征:来自12个月大婴儿变化检测的证据

Child development research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3102481

Su-hua Wang, Elizabeth J. Goldman

{"title":"Infants Actively Construct and Update Their Representations of Physical Events: Evidence from Change Detection by 12-Month-Olds","authors":"Su-hua Wang, Elizabeth J. Goldman","doi":"10.1155/2016/3102481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3102481","url":null,"abstract":"The present research investigates the effects of top-down information on 12-month-olds’ representations of physical events, focusing on their ability to detect an object change across different events. Infants this age typically fail to detect height changes in events with tubes even though they successfully do so in events with covers. In Experiment 1, infants who saw a tube event in which objects did not interact successfully detected a change in an object’s height, suggesting that object interaction affects infants’ categorization of physical events. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the fine-grained process of event representation. In Experiment 2, infants detected the change in the tube event if they were led by pretest exposure to believe that the event was conducted with a cover. In Experiment 3, infants who initially believed so updated their representation if shown a tube before object interaction occurred (but not after). Together, these findings provide new evidence that infants, like older children and adults, actively construct physical events. Whether they notice a change depends on their existing knowledge and the current representation of the event.","PeriodicalId":9783,"journal":{"name":"Child development research","volume":"316 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/3102481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64319017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Perceptions of Popularity-Related Behaviors in the Cyber Context: Relations to Cyber Social Behaviors 网络环境中人气相关行为的感知:与网络社会行为的关系

Child development research Pub Date : 2015-12-08 DOI: 10.1155/2015/636929

Michelle F. Wright

{"title":"Perceptions of Popularity-Related Behaviors in the Cyber Context: Relations to Cyber Social Behaviors","authors":"Michelle F. Wright","doi":"10.1155/2015/636929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/636929","url":null,"abstract":"Despite acknowledging that adolescents are active users of electronic technology, little is known about their perceptions concerning how such technologies might be used to promote their social standing among their peer group and whether these perceptions relate to their cyber social behaviors (i.e., cyber aggression perpetration, cyber prosocial behavior). To address this gap in the literature, the present study included 857 seventh graders (M age: 12.19; 50.8% female) from a large Midwestern city in the United States. They completed questionnaires on face-to-face social behaviors, cyber social behaviors, perceived popularity, social preference, and their perceptions of characteristics and activities related to the cyber context which might be used to promote popularity. Findings revealed four activities and characteristics used to improve adolescents’ social standing in the peer group, including antisocial behaviors, sociability, prosocial behaviors, and technology access. Using antisocial behaviors in the cyber context to promote popularity was related to cyber aggression perpetration, while controlling for gender, social preference, and perceived popularity. On the other hand, sociability and prosocial behaviors in the cyber context used to improve popularity as well as technology access were associated with cyber prosocial behavior. A call for additional research is made.","PeriodicalId":9783,"journal":{"name":"Child development research","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/636929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65072772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Early Vocabulary Development in Rural and Urban Mozambique 莫桑比克农村和城市早期词汇发展

Child development research Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.1155/2015/189195

P. Vogt, J. Mastin, Suzanne Aussems

引用次数: 9