{"title":"Chemoselective electrochemical hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using methanol as a hydrogen source and a nail anode.","authors":"Runsen Xu, Fang Wang, Mingming Yang, Xiaobin Lin, Yanzhong Zhen, Ziwei Gao","doi":"10.1039/d6ob01246a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ob01246a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An electrochemical reductive hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been developed using an undivided cell with a nail anode and a graphite rod cathode in CH<sub>3</sub>OH containing 0.1 M TBAPF<sub>6</sub> at a constant current of 20 mA. The protocol accommodates a broad range of substrates, including chalcones, conjugated dienones, and alkynones, affording the corresponding saturated ketones in yields ranging from 73% to 96%. The reaction exhibits remarkable chemoselectivity toward CC and CC bonds over carbonyl groups and carbon-halogen bonds, as demonstrated by the complete retention of ketones and chloro, bromo, methoxy, and methyl substituents. Deuterium labeling experiments using CH<sub>3</sub>OD as the deuterium source confirm that the solvent serves as the exclusive hydrogen/deuterium source and provide a cost-effective route to deuterium-labeled ketones. Mechanistic insights from DFT calculations reveal that the LUMO energy levels and orbital distributions correlate well with the observed reactivity and regioselectivity trends, offering a rational basis for understanding the electrochemical reduction process.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"8154-8162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient synthesis of H-phosphonates by transesterification of diphenyl H-phosphonate with lipid alcohols in the absence of a solvent or catalyst.","authors":"Chloé Le Roux, Mariam Simonnin, Antony Jozić, Mathieu Berchel, Hélène Couthon, Gaurav Sahay, Paul-Alain Jaffrès","doi":"10.1039/d6ob00519e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ob00519e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a solvent-, acid-, base- and metal-free method to prepare dialkyl phosphites (H-phosphonates) based on the double transesterification reaction of diphenyl phosphite with lipid primary or secondary alcohols or functionalized alcohols or phenols. We report that diphenyl phosphite, used as a substrate, is much more reactive than dimethyl phosphite or diethyl phosphite. This method is applied to prepare a series of dialkyl and functionalized dialkyl H-phosphonates in high yields, allowing the incorporation of various functionalities in the structure of the phosphites, including bromo alkyl, ester, carbamate, phosphonate, phosphoramidate, amide, thioether, azide and azobenzene. This methodology was applied to the synthesis, on a multigram scale, of the branched ionizable phospholipid BiP-20, which was recently identified as a very promising ionizable lipid for <i>in vivo</i> gene editing.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"8108-8119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shalini, Eram Fatima, Toshima Chouhan, Pratyusha Barman, Pintu Kumar Mandal
{"title":"Recent advances in the thioglycosylation of indoles and tryptophan: strategies and applications in natural product synthesis.","authors":"Shalini, Eram Fatima, Toshima Chouhan, Pratyusha Barman, Pintu Kumar Mandal","doi":"10.1039/d6ob01085g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ob01085g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thioglycosylated indoles and tryptophan derivatives represent an important class of sulfur-containing compounds with increasing significance in natural product synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology. The development of efficient and selective C-S bond-forming methods has enabled access to structurally diverse thioglycosides and expanded their applications in the synthesis of biologically relevant molecules. The recent discovery of isatindigotindolosides I-IV from <i>Radix isatidis</i>, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities, has further stimulated interest in thioglycosylation strategies for the synthesis of biologically relevant indole derivatives. This review summarizes recent advances in the C2- and C3-thioglycosylation of indoles, tryptophan, and tryptophan-containing peptides. Particular attention is given to the use of <i>N</i>-(thioglycosyl)succinimides, glycosyl thiosulfonates, and glycosyl thiols as sulfenylating agents, with emphasis on reaction design, substrate scope, regioselectivity, mechanistic aspects, and synthetic applications. Representative applications in natural product synthesis, including the total synthesis of isatindigotindolosides I-IV, are also highlighted. Overall, these advances demonstrate the current state of thioglycosylation as a powerful approach for accessing structurally diverse and pharmaceutically relevant sulfur-containing indole derivatives and provide insights into future opportunities for the development of more efficient, selective, and broadly applicable thioglycosylation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"8029-8043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electronic and steric control of <i>meso</i>-tetraaryl porphycene tautomerism <i>via</i> regioselective β-functionalization.","authors":"Debasish Mandal, Bhuban Mohan Bebarta, Mangalampalli Ravikanth","doi":"10.1039/d6ob00853d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ob00853d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we establish the first synthetic strategy for the direct β-C-H nitration of a free base <i>meso</i>-tetraaryl porphycene using HNO<sub>3</sub> in CHCl<sub>3</sub> in a selective and controlled manner. The reaction affords two regioisomers of the β-nitro porphycene (regioselectivity upto β : β' = 3 : 7) without the formation of any over-nitrated products or compromising the integrity of the macrocycle. Beyond synthetic access, β-functionalization enables precise electronic and steric modulation of the porphycene macrocycle, resulting in distinct optical properties, including enhanced Q-band absorption and red-shifted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence extending up to 720 nm with good quantum yields. Moreover, comprehensive spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and computational studies revealed that the β-selective nitration shows a strong electronic bias on the intrinsically rapid N-H tautomerization, establishing a highly biased equilibrium that majorly favours a single tautomeric state at room temperature within the rectangular cavity of the porphycene. Furthermore, the reduction of the electron-deficient β-nitro porphycene to an electron-rich β-amino porphycene reverses the electronic perturbation and favours the opposite tautomeric form. This simple protocol provides electronically tuned β-functionalized porphycenes that not only serve as promising building blocks to design molecular systems for finely tuned NIR emissive optoelectronics, biological and material applications, but also act as model substrates to study the fundamentally important hydrogen transfer in porphycene macrocycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of [2.2]paracyclophanecarboxaldehydes <i>via</i> kinetic resolution.","authors":"Yu Yang, Jia-Xuan Wang, Hao-Dong Chen, Chang Chen, Yong-Gui Zhou, Bo Wu, Chang-Bin Yu","doi":"10.1039/d6ob01308b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ob01308b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Planar-chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes occupy a privileged position in asymmetric catalysis and materials science. However, straightforward and scalable access to enantioenriched [2.2]paracyclophane scaffolds remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we disclose an efficient ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of [2.2]paracyclophanecarboxaldehydes <i>via</i> kinetic resolution. Utilizing a formic acid-triethylamine azeotrope as the hydrogen source, this operationally simple protocol affords the recovered planar-chiral aldehydes and the corresponding chiral alcohols with excellent selectivity factors (<i>s</i> up to 165.1) and a broad substrate scope. Moreover, synthetic elaborations, including a decagram-scale preparation and the construction of novel planar-chiral PNO- and PPN-tridentate ligands, present these optically active molecules as promising chiral building blocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"8071-8078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemical C4-C4' homocoupling of 2-arylpyridines.","authors":"Jialing Zhang, Zishen Song, Li Wang, Laizheng Luo, Yuxiang Gao, Jinwei Zhang, Weisi Guo","doi":"10.1039/d6ob01238h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ob01238h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The direct coupling of pyridines for the selective synthesis of 4,4'-bipyridines under mild conditions remains challenging. We herein report an electrochemical homocoupling of 2-arylpyridines for the synthesis of 4,4'-bipyridines using NH<sub>4</sub>SCN as a crucial additive. The reaction features external oxidant- and metal-free reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, and excellent site selectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"8079-8082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilya A Romanenko, Anastasiya V Agafonova, Ilya A Smetanin, Maksim A Valiarovskii, Alexander F Khlebnikov, Mikhail S Novikov
{"title":"Synthesis of β,<i>N</i>-diphosphoryl-substituted α-aminocinnamates <i>via</i> the <i>C</i>,<i>N</i>-diphosphorylation of 2<i>H</i>-azirines.","authors":"Ilya A Romanenko, Anastasiya V Agafonova, Ilya A Smetanin, Maksim A Valiarovskii, Alexander F Khlebnikov, Mikhail S Novikov","doi":"10.1039/d6ob01327a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ob01327a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A method for the synthesis of β,<i>N</i>-diphosphoryl-substituted α-aminocinnamates from 2-bromo-2<i>H</i>-azirine-2-carboxylic esters and trimethyl or triethyl phosphite has been developed. The transformation affords the target phosphoramidates in generally high yields across a broad range of 3-aryl-substituted azirines. A reaction mechanism, supported by DFT calculations, includes a five-step domino process involving two phosphite molecules: the first effects the Michaelis-Arbuzov phosphorylation of the azirine <i>via</i> S<sub>N</sub>2'-substitution of bromine, whereas the second promotes opening of the azirine ring through attack at the CN bond, ultimately leading to the diphosphorylated α-aminocinnamate. The found transformation represents the first example of <i>N</i>-phosphorylation by a trialkyl phosphite.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ternary deep eutectic solvent-mediated direct amidation of carboxylic acids.","authors":"Yumiao Zhao, Yujia Jiang, Xiaoqiang Yu","doi":"10.1039/d6ob01305h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ob01305h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been developed as a multifunctional platform for the direct amidation of carboxylic acids. Composed of choline chloride, urea and imidazole in a 1 : 2 : 1 molar ratio, the DES serves as the reaction medium, while imidazole is proposed to act as a recoverable acyl-transfer mediator. A broad range of primary amides were obtained under organic-solvent-free reaction conditions, with straightforward product isolation and no chromatographic purification. On a 100 g scale, product yields remained above 90% over seven consecutive runs. This combination of simple operation, mediator recovery and preparative-scale recycling provides a lower-waste alternative to conventional coupling-reagent-based amidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"8088-8092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the convenient synthesis, fluorescence properties and bioactivity of chromenonitriles.","authors":"Sheng-Yu Li, Zhong-Hao Li, Chu-Ming Pang, Ye-Tong Liu, Bo-Wen Wang, Zu-Qi Zhang, Ying-Jun Zhang, Zhao-Yang Wang","doi":"10.1039/d6ob01096b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ob01096b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synthesis of chromenonitriles remains largely underexplored, primarily due to the limited availability of suitable substrates and the generally unsatisfactory yields of existing methods. Herein, we report a new method that enables the efficient construction of chromenonitriles under mild, metal-free conditions, using readily accessible chromones and benzoylacetonitriles as starting materials. This transformation is driven by a Knoevenagel condensation co-catalyzed by pyridine and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), affording the desired products in good yields. In addition to the reported compounds 3a, 3d and 3h, 23 other new compounds are also successfully synthesized. Photophysical characterization reveals that the synthesized compounds exhibit intense yellow-green fluorescence and pronounced aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviour, observable both in a dilute solution and the solid state. Dynamic light scattering analysis confirms the correlation between aggregation and fluorescence enhancement, and DFT calculations rationalize the observed photophysical behaviour. Antibacterial activity tests show that they have the potential to become fluorescent probes with antibacterial ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":"24 39","pages":"8093-8100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariami Basilaia, Andrew M O'Brien, Michael R Rufrano, Jeffrey L Gustafson
{"title":"A practical guide to atropisomerism: fundamentals and case studies from modern drug discovery.","authors":"Mariami Basilaia, Andrew M O'Brien, Michael R Rufrano, Jeffrey L Gustafson","doi":"10.1039/d6ob01244b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ob01244b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atropisomerism is a form of axial chirality that arises when rotation about a single bond is sufficiently restricted to render the enantiomeric conformers configurationally stable and isolable. Because bond rotation provides a spontaneous pathway for racemization, atropisomers span an extraordinary range of stereochemical stabilities-from species that racemize within seconds at room temperature to compounds predicted to retain their configuration for milenia under any pharmaceutically relevant conditions. Although atropisomerism is most commonly associated with biaryl scaffolds, it can arise across a remarkably diverse range of molecular architectures. Many of these have emerged as privileged pharmaceutical scaffolds, making atropisomerism an increasingly important consideration in medicinal chemistry, with more than 20 configurationally stable atropisomeric drug candidates currently in clinical development worldwide. Consequently, atropisomerism has evolved from a topic of primarily academic interest into a common and practical challenge in modern drug discovery and development. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with the discovery, development, and manufacturing of atropisomeric drug candidates, culminating in a survey of the strategies used to establish atropisomeric axes on process scale for approved drugs and compounds currently undergoing clinical evaluation. We hope this review will serve as both a practical resource and a source of inspiration for chemists developing the next generation of atropisomerically pure pharmaceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}