Central European Journal of Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Pan-cancer analysis of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) in relation to prognosis and immunotherapy response.","authors":"Bobin Ning, Qingyu Meng, Baoqing Jia","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2025.151960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2025.151960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is a crucial epigenetic modification complex that plays significant roles in embryonic development, cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. However, its predictive value and role in immunotherapy remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Expression of the PRC1 complex was analyzed through RNA-seq, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Then, we utilized the TCGA and GEO databases to cross-validate the prognostic risk. A pan-cancer analysis was conducted, including clinical traits, tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor mutational burden (TMB), stemness indices, and drug sensitivity. Furthermore, we cross-validated the effect of PRC1 on immunotherapy through ROC Plotter and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases. The immune cell infiltration and signaling pathways were further identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of PRC1 differed between tumor and normal tissue in most cases. In particular, the whole group exhibited consistent high abundance in gastric, colorectal, and liver cancer. In addition, the expression of PRC1 can serve as a marker of survival prognosis. The members of PRC1 were also associated with clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related immune indexes, and drug sensitivity. Moreover, high expression of BMI1 can increase resistance to immunotherapy, with a worse prognosis. The expression level of BMI1 can affect the immune-related pathways, as indicated by the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed the expression, prognostic value and mechanism of PRC1 in pan-cancer. Its core member BMI1 can be used as a biomarker for the prognosis of tumor patients and the efficacy of ICIs. It provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of individualized immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"50 2","pages":"149-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of <i>TLR2</i> rs5743708 and dectin-1 rs16910526 polymorphisms in susceptibility to fungal infections in COVID-19 patients.","authors":"Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Hero M Ismael, Shukur Wasman Smail, Taban Kamal Rasheed, Mohammed O Rahman, Niaz Albarzinji, Rebaz Hamza Salih, Kalthum Othman Taha, Khawlah Salah KHAleel, Kawa Amin, Christer Janson","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2025.149165","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ceji.2025.149165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The progression of fungal co-infection with COVID-19 depends on the patient's genetic innate immunity. Our goal is to understand the connection between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs5743708 and rs16910526 in the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and dectin-1 (CLEC7A) genes, respectively, and fungal infection in COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study assessed the SNPs rs5743708 from the TLR2 gene and rs16910526 from dectin-1 by Sanger sequencing. Two groups of COVID-19 patients participated in this study: 110 COVID-19 patients free from fungal infection (COVID-19 FFI), and 77 COVID-19 patients with fungal infection (COVID-19 WFI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AG genotype of the TLR2 SNP rs5743708 showed no significant association with fungal infection in COVID-19 compared to the AA genotype. However, the GG genotype and G allele were significantly associated with decreased vulnerability to fungal co-infections. Similarly, regarding the dectin-1 SNP rs16910526, the TG genotype did not show a significant association with fungal infection compared to the TT genotype, but the GG genotype and G allele were significantly related to decreased susceptibility to fungal co-infections in COVID-19. The TLR2 protein levels in the serum of COVID-19 patients with GG genotypes of TLR2 rs5743708 were elevated. Variations in the dectin-1 genotypes (specifically GG genotype) can also raise the levels of dectin-1 serum protein.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relationship between TLR2 rs5743708 and dectin-1 rs16910526 SNPs and susceptibility to fungal infection in COVID-19 patients was found to be significant, highlighting the im- portance of investigating their connection to infection progression for personalized patient care. The variation in genotypes also affects the levels of corresponding serum TLR2 and dectin-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"50 1","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose metabolism and immune dysregulation - a metabolic lens on lupus pathogenesis.","authors":"Urszula Radzikowska, Marlena Tynecka, Andrzej Eljaszewicz","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2025.151334","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ceji.2025.151334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"50 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of miR-155 attenuates dendritic cell maturation and skin allograft rejection through SOCS1 in a rhesus monkey model.","authors":"Qiuhong Wang, Bo Tang, Dong Wei, Dongyun Cun, Tao Wu, Renchao Zou, Tao Wang, Kun Su, LianMin Wang, Peng Chen, Mingdao Hu","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2025.149439","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ceji.2025.149439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Modulating dendritic cells (DCs; inhibiting maturation and antigen-presenting capacity) potentially promote immune tolerance to the benefit of allografts. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of miR-155 on DC maturation and allograft rejection.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Donor monkey bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were transduced with anti-miR-155 lentivirus to inhibit miR-155 expression, and the T cell phenotype and function of DC^anti-155 upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were evaluated. In vivo, imDC, imDC^anti-NC, and imDC^anti-155 were injected into recipient monkeys before skin transplantation. The survival times of skin allografts were recorded and the proportions of T cell subsets in spleen and secretion levels of cytokines in serum were measured. SOCS1/JAK/STAT pathway expression was also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-155 level increased during the maturation of dendritic cells. Inhibition of miR-155 significantly attenuated LPS-induced DC maturation. imDC^anti-155 promoted the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and augmented the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. In vivo, subcutaneous injection of imDC^anti-155 prolonged recipient monkey skin allograft survival times and attenuated immune rejection. An increase in the proportion of Treg cells and their secreted cytokines in serum was observed in the imDC^anti-155 group. Mechanistic insights suggest that miR-155 likely regulates the SOCS1-JAK/STAT pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suppression of miR-155 has the potential to inhibit DC maturation, affects the differentiation of T cell subsets, and prolongs skin allograft survival, which could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing allograft rejection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"50 1","pages":"52-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune disorders and COVID-19 vaccination: analysing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and cellular immune response.","authors":"Joanna Szczepanek, Andrzej Tretyn, Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran, Elżbieta Grześk, Anna Dąbrowska, Sylwia Kołtan","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2025.151677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2025.151677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immune disorders, especially in individuals with humoral deficiencies, pose challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination efficacy in this population remains a critical concern amid circulating misinformation. This study aimed to analyse the post-COVID-19 vaccination immune response in individuals with immune disorders, focusing on humoral deficiency. The goal was to provide essential insights for tailored vaccination strategies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Tests including Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA, SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA, and Quan-T-Cell SARS-CoV-2 IGRA were conducted on 63 patients with humoral inborn errors of immunity. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics and visualizations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients exhibited diverse responses based on immunological diagnoses. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels varied across disorders, with agammaglobulinaemia patients showing lower levels but positive interferon responses. IgG subclass deficiency patients demonstrated robust antibody and neutralizing responses. Other antibody production disorders displayed strong immune reactions. Common variable immunodeficiency patients, particularly adults, exhibited higher antibody levels, increased neutralization, and pronounced interferon responses compared to children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the nuanced immune responses in individuals with diverse immune disorders following COVID-19 vaccination. Insights into specific disorder-related variations provide a foundation for targeted vaccination approaches, contributing to enhanced protection in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"50 2","pages":"199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notch signaling pathway-based classification of bladder cancer in relation to tumor immune infiltration","authors":"Yang Bin, Li Guikang, Huang Jin, Zhang Xue, Wang Ruihan, Zhang Jianchao","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2023.134748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2023.134748","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b><br/>The role of the Notch signaling pathway in the development of various tumors has received increasing attention, but the relationship between the Notch signaling pathway and the prognosis of bladder cancer has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and risk evaluation value of Notch signaling pathway-related genes (NRGs) in bladder cancer.<br/><br/><b>Material and methods:</b><br/>The list of genes related to the Notch signaling pathway was obtained from the molecular signature database. The bladder cancer dataset was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis were used to construct the characteristics for predicting the overall survival of patients with bladder cancer. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the infiltration of peripheral immune cells in different risk subgroups.<br/><br/><b>Results:</b><br/>NRG expression was remarkably dysregulated in bladder cancer. Next, bladder cancer was classified into two subtypes (C1 and C2) based on NRG expression levels. The two subtypes had a significant difference in prognosis and were closely related to clinical characteristics. Further analysis showed that immune cell infiltration and immune scores were also significantly different between the two subtypes.<br/><br/><b>Conclusions:</b><br/>Notch signaling pathway-based bladder cancer typing has different prognoses and may be related to tumor immunity. NRGs can be identified for risk evaluation and help improve clinical decision-making.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 promotes inflammatory reactions by activating the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Jingjing Liu, Yingying Xu, Shijie Cheng, Chenfang Wang, Zhengyu Zhang","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2023.134721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2023.134721","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK2) has been implicated in various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of IRAK2 in DN progression and its association with inflammation and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. DN model mice were generated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. IRAK2 expression was upregulated in the DN model mice. IRAK2 knockdown increased weight and reduced blood glucose levels in DN model mice. In addition, IRAK2 downregulation improved glomerular morphology in DN mice. IRAK2 knockdown reduced the levels of kidney damage biomarkers (24-h urinary protein, urine albumin-creatinine ratio, and plasma creatinine) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, TNF-1R, and TNF-2R). Moreover, IRAK2 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway in DN model mice. Overexpression of NF-κB exacerbated DN progression, and IRAK2 knockdown reversed these effects. IRAK2 promoted DN progression and inflammation by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that IRAK2 is a potential therapeutic target for DN treatment.","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of blood sample storage and different types of anticoagulants on results of NK cytotoxicity tests","authors":"Katarzyna Popko, Monika Paskudzka, Małgorzata Pieśniewska, Sylwia Dąbrowska, Urszula Demkow, Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2023.134360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2023.134360","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b><br/>Natural killer (NK) cells are important players in the human immune response. Impaired NK function may lead to serious, life-threatening conditions. Defects may be consequences of genetic mutations or results of secondary factors such as infections, malignancies and autoimmune diseases. The cytotoxicity test is very useful, but its accessibility is limited to special immunological laboratories. Blood samples are often transported to remote centers, which takes time and requires special conditions. The aim of this study was to compare cytotoxicity assay results between samples preserved with three different anticoagulants to standardize the diagnostic procedure.<br/><br/><b>Material and methods:</b><br/>Peripheral blood from healthy donors was taken with three anticoagulants: heparin, K2EDTA and citrate. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and tested directly after blood drawing and after 24-hour storage. Cytotoxic abilities of NK cells were tested in 4 h co-culture with K562. NK cytotoxicity was measured by flow cytometry.<br/><br/><b>Results:</b><br/>In most cases of analyzed healthy donors, cytotoxicity results were similar regardless of type of anticoagulant. However, the highest mean values were obtained in samples with citrate. There was a significant decrease in cytotoxicity after 24 hours of storage of the whole blood at ambient temperature. The mean drop in cytotoxicity results was substantial for all anticoagulants: 76% for heparin, 67% for citrate and 70% for EDTA.<br/><br/><b>Conclusions:</b><br/>Results of spontaneous NK cytotoxicity seem to be affected by the anticoagulants used for blood protection. Commercial instant cytotoxicity testing and delayed analysis after blood storage gave the highest results in blood with sodium citrate.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers: Long-term benefits and protection","authors":"Joanna Szczepanek, Monika Skorupa, Joanna Jarkiewicz-Tretyn, Andrzej Tretyn","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2023.134250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2023.134250","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b><br/>This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers by analyzing the population’s response to the vaccine after two years, based on anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein S antibody levels. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the impact of basic factors on antibody levels.<br/><br/><b>Material and methods:</b><br/>A total of 4,090 healthcare workers were included in the study, and their antibody levels were measured using ELISA to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG). Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the influence of COVID-19 infection, vaccination status, and number of vaccine doses on antibody concentrations.<br/><br/><b>Results and Conclusion:</b><br/>The majority of participants (85.1%) received the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, while a smaller percentage chose vector vaccines such as AstraZeneca and Johnson &amp; Johnson. The incidence of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals was relatively low for all vaccines, confirming their effectiveness in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study observed variations in IgG antibody levels within the study population, with only 0.46% of individuals testing negative for the presence of antibodies. The average anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG values showed significant differences across consecutive 3-month periods following infection or vaccination, with a gradual decrease over time. Notably, the most significant changes in antibody levels were observed within the first 6 months (mean values ranged from 3647.11 BAU/ml to 2601.49 BAU/ml). Subsequently, minor fluctuations were observed, with mean antibody values hovering around 2000 BAU/ml. The differences between average anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG values between consecutive 3-month periods from disease onset were statistically significant.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of IL-23 inhibitors and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the induction treatment of Crohn’s disease: A meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials","authors":"Boyang Gao, Haojie Shentu, Suyong Sha, Dongying Wang, Xi Chen, Zhenwei Huang, Nan Dong, Haijia Lai, Jianying Xu, Xiaoshuai Zhou","doi":"10.5114/ceji.2023.134257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2023.134257","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b><br/>A growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in treating Crohn’s disease (CD). This study evaluated the efficacy of IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the induction phase for the treatment of CD.<br/><br/><b>Material and methods:</b><br/>We searched the following databases from inception until December, 2022: Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was the proportion of CD patients who achieved clinical remission at the end of the induction therapy period. Secondary outcomes included clinical response, endoscopic remission, endoscopic response and normalized C-reactive protein (CRP).<br/><br/><b>Results:</b><br/>After screening, 7 RCTs were included in our study. The meta-analysis showed that, in the induction period, more patients treated with IL-23 inhibitors and IL-12/23 inhibitors achieved clinical remission than patients with placebo therapy (RR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.83-2.44; RR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.64-2.29; respectively). The IL-23 inhibitor group and the IL-12/23 inhibitor group showed higher clinical response rates than the placebo group (RR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.74-2,11; RR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.61-2.09; respectively). In addition, the IL-23 inhibitor group had a higher endoscopic remission rate and endoscopic response rate than the placebo group; the corresponding pooled RRs were 3.40 (95% CI:2.57-4.50) and 2.65 (95% CI: 2.65-3.12), respectively.<br/><br/><b>Conclusions:</b><br/>IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors were efficient methods in the induction treatment of CD.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":9694,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Immunology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}