Cancer journal最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Application of Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors in Oncologic and Nononcologic Diseases.","authors":"Mariko Nakayama, Thomas A Hope, Ali Salavati","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000719","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography (PET) has gained interest for its ability to demonstrate uptake in a diverse range of tumors. Its molecular target, fibroblast activation protein, is expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts, a major cell type in tumor microenvironment that surrounds various types of cancers. Although existing literature on FAPI PET is largely from single-center studies and case reports, initial findings show promise for some cancer types demonstrating improved imaging when compared with the widely used 18F-fludeoxyglucose PET for oncologic imaging. As we expand our knowledge of the utility of FAPI PET, accurate understanding of noncancerous uptake seen on FAPI PET is crucial for accurate evaluation. In this review, we summarize potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radiolabeled FAP inhibitors in oncological and nononcological disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Medicine Cancer Care-Current Status and Future Directions for Radiopharmaceutical Diagnostics and Theranostics for Cancer.","authors":"Sophia R O'Brien, David A Mankoff","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0000000000000721","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"140-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PET Imaging of Metabolism, Perfusion, and Hypoxia: FDG and Beyond.","authors":"Austin R Pantel, Seong-Woo Bae, Elizabeth J Li, Sophia R O'Brien, H Charles Manning","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0000000000000716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Imaging glucose metabolism with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has transformed the diagnostic and treatment algorithms of numerous malignancies in clinical practice. The cancer phenotype, though, extends beyond dysregulation of this single pathway. Reprogramming of other pathways of metabolism, as well as altered perfusion and hypoxia, also typifies malignancy. These features provide other opportunities for imaging that have been developed and advanced into humans. In this review, we discuss imaging metabolism, perfusion, and hypoxia in cancer, focusing on the underlying biology to provide context. We conclude by highlighting the ability to image multiple facets of biology to better characterize cancer and guide targeted treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"159-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theranostics in Neuroendocrine Tumors.","authors":"Nadine Mallak, Sophia R O'Brien, Daniel A Pryma, Erik Mittra","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0000000000000723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors that develop from cells of the neuroendocrine system and can originate in multiple organs and tissues such as the bowels, pancreas, adrenal glands, ganglia, thyroid, and lungs. This review will focus on gastroenteropancreatic NETs (more commonly called NETs) characterized by frequent somatostatin receptor (SSTR) overexpression and pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs), which typically overexpress norepinephrine transporter. Advancements in SSTR-targeted imaging and treatment have revolutionized the management of patients with NETs. This comprehensive review delves into the current practice, discussing the use of the various Food and Drug Administration-approved SSTR-agonist positron emission tomography tracers and the predictive imaging biomarkers, and elaborating on 177Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy including the evolving areas of posttherapy imaging practices and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy retreatment. SSTR-targeted imaging and therapy can also be used in patients with PPGL; however, this patient population has demonstrated the best outcomes from norepinephrine transporter-targeted therapy with 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine. Metaiodobenzylguanidine theranostics for PPGL will be discussed, noting that in 2024 it became commercially unavailable in the United States. Therefore, the use and reported success of SSTR theranostics for PPGL will also be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiopharmaceuticals for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: New Targets, New Therapies-Alpha-Emitters, Novel Targets.","authors":"Neil K Taunk, Freddy E Escorcia, Jason S Lewis, Lisa Bodei","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000720","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Radiopharmaceutical therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various cancers. The exploration of novel targets such as tumor-specific antigens, overexpressed receptors, and intracellular biomolecules using antibodies, peptides, or small molecules has expanded the scope of radiopharmaceutical therapy, enabling precise and effective cancer treatment for an increasing number of tumor types. Alpha emitters, characterized by their high linear energy transfer and short path length, offer unique advantages in targeted therapy due to their potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. This article reviews recent advancements in identifying novel targets for radiopharmaceutical therapy and applications in utilizing α-emitters for targeted treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"218-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Metastases.","authors":"Gary J R Cook, Matthew P Thorpe","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0000000000000717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bone metastases occur frequently in common malignancies such as breast and prostate cancer. They are responsible for considerable morbidity and skeletal-related events. Fortunately, there are now several systemic, focal, and targeted therapies that can improve quality and length of life, including radionuclide therapies. It is therefore important that bone metastases can be detected as early as possible and that treatment can be accurately and sensitively monitored. Several bone-specific and tumor-specific single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography molecular imaging agents are available, for detection and monitoring response to systemic therapeutics, as well as theranostic agents to confirm target expression and predict response to radionuclide therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSMA-Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.","authors":"Jorge D Oldan, Frankis Almaguel, Andrew F Voter, Alfonso Duran, Andrei Gafita, Martin G Pomper, Thomas A Hope, Steven P Rowe","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0000000000000718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous malignancy in men. Until recent years, accurate imaging of men with newly diagnosed PCa, or recurrent or low-volume metastatic disease, was limited. Further, therapeutic options for men with advanced, metastatic, castration-resistant disease were increasingly limited as a result of increasing numbers of systemic therapies being combined in the upfront metastatic setting. The advent of urea-based, small-molecule inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has partially addressed those shortcomings in diagnosis and therapy of PCa. On the diagnostic side, there are multiple pivotal phase III trials with several different agents having demonstrated utility in the initial staging setting, with generally modest sensitivity but very high specificity for determining otherwise-occult pelvic nodal involvement. That latter statistic drives the utility of the scan by allowing imaging interpreters to read with very high sensitivity while maintaining a robust specificity. Other pivotal phase III trials have demonstrated high detection efficiency in patients with biochemical failure, with high positive predictive value at the lesion level, opening up possible new avenues of therapy such as metastasis-directed therapy. Beyond the diagnostic aspects of PSMA-targeted radiotracers, the same urea-based chemical scaffolds can be altered to deliver therapeutic isotopes to PCa cells that express PSMA. To date, one such agent, when combined with best standard-of-care therapy, has demonstrated an ability to improve overall survival, progression-free survival, and freedom from skeletal events relative to best standard-of-care therapy alone in men with metastatic, castration-resistant PCa who are post chemotherapy. Within the current milieu, there are a number of important future directions including the use of artificial intelligence to better leverage diagnostic findings, further medicinal chemistry refinements to the urea-based structure that may allow improved tumor targeting and decreased toxicities, and the incorporation of new radionuclides that may better balance efficacy with toxicities than those nuclides that are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Proliferation and DNA Repair.","authors":"Anthony F Shields, Delphine L Chen","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000724","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Positron emission tomography (PET) is an established tool for molecular imaging of cancers, and its role in diagnosis, staging, and phenotyping continues to evolve and expand rapidly. PET imaging of increased glucose utilization with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose is now entrenched in clinical oncology practice for improving prognostication and treatment response assessment. Additional critical processes for cancer cell survival can also be imaged by PET, helping to inform individualized treatment selections for patients by improving our understanding of cell survival mechanisms and identifying relevant active mechanisms in each patient. The critical importance of quantifying cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for prognosis and treatment selection is highlighted by the nearly ubiquitous use of the Ki-67 index, an established histological quantitative measure of cell proliferation, and BRCA mutation testing for treatment selection. This review focuses on PET advances in imaging and quantifying cell proliferation and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase expression that can be used to complement cancer phenotyping approaches that will identify the most effective treatments for each individual patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Cycle Checkpoints p16 and p21-Strong Predictors of Clinicopathologic Outcomes in High-Grade Osteosarcoma.","authors":"Elham Nasri, Dianne E Torrence, Terrie Vasilopoulos, Jacquelyn A Knapik, Joanne P Lagmay, John D Reith, Charles Parker Gibbs","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000714","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this study, we used a series of immunohistochemical measurements of 2 cell cycle regulators, p16 and p21, to evaluate their prognostic value, separately and in combination, for the disease outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 101 patients with high-grade osteosarcoma were included in this study. Clinicopathologic data were collected, and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p21 was performed and interpreted by 3 independent pathologists. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the strength of each of these markers relative to disease outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicate that more than 90% expression (high) of p16 by immunohistochemistry on the initial biopsy has a strong predictive value for good histologic response to chemotherapy. The patients are also more likely to survive the past 5 years and less likely to develop metastasis than patients with less than 90% p16 (low) expression. The results for p21, on the other hand, show a unique pattern of relationship to the clinicopathologic outcomes of the disease. Patients with less than 1% (low) or more than 50% (high) expression of p21 by immunohistochemistry show a higher chance of metastasis, poor necrotic response to chemotherapy, and an overall decreased survival rate when compared with p21 expression between 1% and 50% (moderate). Our results also showed that the expression of p16 and combined p16 and p21 demonstrates a stronger predictive relationship to 5-year survival than tumor histologic necrosis and p21 alone.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results of this study, once proven to be reproducible by a larger number of patients, will be valuable in the initial assessment and risk stratification of the patients for treatment and possibly the clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Adults.","authors":"Philipose Getachew Mulugeta, Anthony W Chi, Thomas Michael Anderson","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000713","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has been increasing in incidence in the United States over the last several decades, although mortality rates have remained low. Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI-T) has been a mainstay of treatment for DTC since the 1940s. Imaging of DTC before and after RAI-T primarily focuses on molecular imaging of the sodium iodide symporter. The expanding understanding of the molecular profile of DTC has increased available treatment options. Incorporation of risk stratification to treatment approaches has led to deintensification of both surgical and nonsurgical treatments, leading to decreased morbidity without compromising disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"30 3","pages":"194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}