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Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma. 早期霍奇金淋巴瘤。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000824
Kishan Patel, Varun Iyengar, Alison Moskowitz
{"title":"Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma.","authors":"Kishan Patel, Varun Iyengar, Alison Moskowitz","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000824","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combined modality therapy (CMT; chemotherapy with consolidative radiation) has led to excellent long-term outcomes in patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. However, despite high cure rates, CMT can lead to significant long-term toxicity in a typically young patient population; as a result, there has been a push in the field to develop novel treatment strategies that can maintain robust patient survival while minimizing the risk of treatment-related complications. This has been primarily explored by 2 mechanisms: first, the use of response-adapted treatments based on interim FDG-PET/CT; and second, the incorporation of novel therapies, including the CD30-directed antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin (BV) and immune checkpoint blockade. In this article, we provide a historical review of the management of early-stage HL and discuss ongoing studies that may change the standard of care for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advanced Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Review on Frontline Treatment Advances. 晚期霍奇金淋巴瘤：一线治疗进展综述
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000825
Kelsey Baron, Boyu Hu
{"title":"Advanced Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Review on Frontline Treatment Advances.","authors":"Kelsey Baron, Boyu Hu","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000825","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Before 1970, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was an often-fatal lymphoma treated with radiation and/or single-agent chemotherapy. In contrast, HL is now a largely curable disease treated with multiagent chemotherapy regimens. In the intervening half-century, the goal of HL treatment has evolved from improving cure rates to developing novel treatment paradigms that maintain historical efficacy while minimizing the short- and long-term side effects of intensive chemo- and radiation therapies. The development of PET-adapted escalation and de-escalation strategies has played a critical role in balancing the desired efficacy with toxicity. More recently, novel therapies including brentuximab vedotin and nivolumab have resulted in dramatic improvements in outcomes and a necessary reduction in toxicity in both pediatric and adult patients. Future efforts to improve short- and long-term toxicities through novel therapies and collaborative efforts between adult and pediatric groups will be essential as we seek to improve outcomes in patients with advanced-stage HL.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hypofractionated Particle Therapy: A Review of Clinical Data and Implications. 低分割粒子治疗：临床资料回顾及意义。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000819
Forrest Kwong, Comron Hassanzadeh
{"title":"Hypofractionated Particle Therapy: A Review of Clinical Data and Implications.","authors":"Forrest Kwong, Comron Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000819","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypofractionated particle therapy (HPT) is an evolving treatment paradigm in radiation oncology, offering enhanced therapeutic ratios through both biological and dosimetric advantages. Proton therapy leverages the Bragg peak phenomenon to reduce the integral dose to normal tissues, a benefit amplified by delivering larger doses per fraction. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) further augments this approach through high linear energy transfer (LET) and greater relative biological effectiveness (RBE), potentially overcoming radioresistance mechanisms. This review synthesizes updated clinical evidence for HPT, including proton and CIRT across various disease sites. Clinical trial data on efficacy and toxicity are reviewed, including comparisons with photon-based radiotherapy. The clinical outcomes observed thus far highlight the safety and efficacy of biologically intensified HPT regimens, underscoring the need for continued, well-designed phase II/III trials to define optimal indications and fractionation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radiobiology of Particle Therapy: Revisiting the Preclinical Knowledge Base on Helium Ion Therapy. 粒子治疗的放射生物学：重访氦离子治疗的临床前知识库。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000820
Li Wang, Aron Popovtzer, Albert C Koong, David Grosshans, Michael T Spiotto, Ryan Park, Gabriel O Sawakuchi, Emil Schüler, Radhe Mohan, Steven J Frank
{"title":"Radiobiology of Particle Therapy: Revisiting the Preclinical Knowledge Base on Helium Ion Therapy.","authors":"Li Wang, Aron Popovtzer, Albert C Koong, David Grosshans, Michael T Spiotto, Ryan Park, Gabriel O Sawakuchi, Emil Schüler, Radhe Mohan, Steven J Frank","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000820","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern photon-based, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) kills tumors but may also excessively damage normal tissues; the resultant morbidity can prompt treatment interruptions, worsen tumor control, and degrade quality of life. Charged particles (eg, protons, carbon ions) may be less toxic and more effective than IMRT because particles irradiate less surrounding normal tissues and are more biologically effective than IMRT. However, protons/carbon ions have physical drawbacks that can affect dose precision. Helium ions are being explored as an alternative type of charged-particle therapy because their biophysical characteristics are intermediate between those of protons and carbon ions, potentially improving treatment precision. However, systematic studies of helium ion radiotherapy (HeRT) are scarce. We review current knowledge of the biophysical effects of HeRT: its relative biological effectiveness (RBE) versus photons; its effects on gene mutation, DNA damage and repair, cell cycling, cell death, and radiosensitization; and early explorations of ultra-high dose rate HeRT.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence in Proton Therapy: What Works, What Does Not, and What Is Next. 质子治疗中的人工智能：什么有效，什么无效，下一步是什么。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000821
Heng Li, Ming Yang, Doris Keziah Ndassi, Sizhuo Meng, Xun Jia
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Proton Therapy: What Works, What Does Not, and What Is Next.","authors":"Heng Li, Ming Yang, Doris Keziah Ndassi, Sizhuo Meng, Xun Jia","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000821","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence is increasingly shaping the evolution of proton therapy, with applications spanning imaging, treatment planning, quality assurance, adaptive workflows, and outcome modeling. Unlike conventional task-specific algorithms, modern AI methods, including machine learning and deep learning, enable integration of heterogeneous data and capture complex relationships across the clinical workflow. These capabilities are particularly relevant in proton therapy, where sensitivity to range uncertainty, anatomic variation, and biological heterogeneity presents persistent clinical and operational challenges. This review summarizes current and emerging AI applications in proton therapy, including image reconstruction and synthesis, segmentation, dose prediction, robustness and uncertainty management, biological optimization, and adaptive treatment strategies. We also discuss the expanding role of AI in quality assurance and workflow coordination, emphasizing the distinction between task-level automation and workflow-level intelligence. Finally, we address broader considerations related to clinical validation, safety, interpretability, economic value, and access, which will be critical for translating AI-enabled proton therapy into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13020641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Normal Tissue Complication Probability Modeling for Proton Therapy. 质子治疗的正常组织并发症概率模型。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000814
Mei Chen, Zhongxing Liao, Steven J Frank, Narayan Sahoo, Xiaorong R Zhu, Xiaodong Zhang
{"title":"Normal Tissue Complication Probability Modeling for Proton Therapy.","authors":"Mei Chen, Zhongxing Liao, Steven J Frank, Narayan Sahoo, Xiaorong R Zhu, Xiaodong Zhang","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000814","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proton therapy requires accurate, reliable normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for treatment planning and evidence-based patient selection. This review examines 2 challenges in proton therapy: developing NTCP models that accurately reflect proton-specific toxicity and managing NTCP prediction uncertainty to ensure reliable clinical decision-making. Regarding model accuracy, photon-derived NTCP models work for some endpoints but fail for others when proton therapy exhibits distinct dose-response characteristics, indicating that the need for proton-specific models is endpoint-dependent. Clinical evidence that supports updating NTCP models by incorporating variable relative biological effectiveness is statistically weak due to interpatient heterogeneity and inconsistent findings. Despite ongoing efforts in improving NTCP prediction accuracy, the impact of prediction uncertainty on patient selection decisions has received limited attention. Further study is required to establish a robust, model-uncertainty-aware NTCP-guided patient selection framework for proton therapy that addresses both model accuracy and prediction confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancements in Accelerator and Beam Delivery Technology. 加速器和光束传输技术的进展。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000817
Xiaorong R Zhu, Yoshifumi Hojo, Mei Chen, Fahed Alsanea, Falk Poenisch, Yuting Li, Ming Yang, Xiaodong Zhang, Thomas J Whitaker, Narayan Sahoo
{"title":"Advancements in Accelerator and Beam Delivery Technology.","authors":"Xiaorong R Zhu, Yoshifumi Hojo, Mei Chen, Fahed Alsanea, Falk Poenisch, Yuting Li, Ming Yang, Xiaodong Zhang, Thomas J Whitaker, Narayan Sahoo","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000817","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we review the development of accelerator and beam delivery technology for particle therapy. The working principles of accelerators, encompassing isochronous cyclotrons, synchrocyclotrons and synchrotrons, and recent advancements in other accelerator technology, are presented. For beam delivery technology, we focus on pencil beam scanning (PBS) for intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). In addition, we incorporate aspects of proton arc therapy, ultrahigh-dose rate FLASH therapy, and motion management for PBS beam delivery. Last, we have discussions on imaging guidance for particle therapy treatment delivery, upright patient positioning, and online adaptive therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction from the Guest Editors. 客座编辑的介绍。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000823
Steven J Frank, Li Wang, Xiaorong Ronald Zhu
{"title":"Introduction from the Guest Editors.","authors":"Steven J Frank, Li Wang, Xiaorong Ronald Zhu","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000823","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Clinical Evidence and Applications of Particle Therapy. 粒子治疗的临床证据及应用。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000822
Anika Patel, Kayeong Shin, Anna Lee
{"title":"The Clinical Evidence and Applications of Particle Therapy.","authors":"Anika Patel, Kayeong Shin, Anna Lee","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000822","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particle therapy offers highly precise treatment, reducing damage of surrounding organs while delivering dose to the target areas. The improved therapeutic ratio is largely attributed to the Bragg curve, which demonstrates steep dose fall-off. Although historically pediatric tumors had the clearest benefit, the application of particle therapy has expanded to adult patients of all disease sites, including tumors of the head and neck, central nervous system, thorax, breast, gastrointestinal system, and genitourinary system. As emerging trials provide increasing evidence for the utilization of particle therapy, treatment is becoming more accessible. In addition, radiation technology continues to evolve, and techniques including intensity-modulated proton therapy and adaptive proton therapy are being implemented. We review the evolution of particle therapy, the current clinical evidence supporting its use, and practical considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Applications of Particle Therapy in Pediatric Malignancies. 粒子治疗在小儿恶性肿瘤中的临床应用。
IF 2.1 4区 医学
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000818
Madeline M Flanagan, Ory Haisraely, Arnold C Paulino, Susan L McGovern
{"title":"Clinical Applications of Particle Therapy in Pediatric Malignancies.","authors":"Madeline M Flanagan, Ory Haisraely, Arnold C Paulino, Susan L McGovern","doi":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000818","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PPO.0000000000000818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In children, decades of survivorship magnify the harms of irradiation to normal tissues. Proton therapy (PT) leverages the Bragg peak phenomenon to maintain dose to tumor volumes while reducing dose to surrounding structures. This results in disease control comparable to photons while lowering normal tissue dose and reducing subsequent late effects. The clearest advantages occur when fields are large or when critical organs abut the target volume. Here, we discuss the clinical physics and comparative dosimetry that drive benefit across pediatric indications. We also synthesize PT outcomes for pediatric malignancies and highlight organ-specific late effects where PT reduces the incidence or severity of toxicities. We close with a brief look at the future of particle therapy for pediatric malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9655,"journal":{"name":"Cancer journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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