{"title":"A Case of Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome following Use of an Over-the-Counter Arthritis Supplement.","authors":"Colin Dunn, Joshua Amaya, Patrick Green","doi":"10.1155/2023/4769258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4769258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome is commonly seen as a complication of chronic steroid use. While most often associated with the use of prescription oral steroids, rare cases result from unintentional steroid exposure. In particular, numerous complementary and alternative medicines have been found to contain steroids not previously known to users. <i>Case Presentation</i>. Here, we present a case of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome caused by prolonged ingestion of dexamethasone found within an over-the-counter arthritis supplement called Artri King.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A thorough history of medication use to include over-the-counter medications and supplements may be required to identify the source of exogenous glucocorticoids in iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4769258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10024620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9210020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Riedel's Thyroiditis: Pitfalls in Diagnosis and Subsequent Complications.","authors":"R Pandev, M Khan, V Ratheesh","doi":"10.1155/2023/9989953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9989953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare disease of chronic inflammation with fibrotic infiltration of the thyroid gland and its surrounding vital structures. Due to its low incidence, there are often delays in diagnosis as it is commonly mistaken for other thyroid diseases. We report the case of a 34-year-old female patient who presented with a firm, enlarged mass in the neck, compression symptoms, and hypothyroidism. Lab tests showed elevated A-TG (thyroglobulin antibodies) and A-TPO (thyroid peroxidase antibodies) levels. Based on the disease presentation and supporting lab findings, the patient was misdiagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and treated accordingly. Yet the patient's symptoms grew progressively worse. She was discovered to have severe tracheal compression and bilateral RLN (recurrent laryngeal nerve) palsy. Tracheotomy became a necessary surgical intervention after the development of respiratory failure, but this procedure was complicated by the development of an intraoperative pneumothorax. After an open biopsy, histology revealed Riedel's thyroiditis. A new treatment was introduced, with which the patient's condition improved. However, she continued to suffer from the open tracheocutaneous fistula left by the tracheostomy, which adversely affected her everyday life. A follow-up operation was performed to close the fistula. In this case report, we discuss the consequences of misdiagnosing the patient and delaying the appropriate treatment for her disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9989953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10122592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9391105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sitosterolemia: A Case Report and a Concise Literature Review.","authors":"Moeber M Mahzari","doi":"10.1155/2023/4451595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4451595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sitosterolemia is a relatively rare metabolism lipid disorder, with about 110 cases worldwide and only a few known cases from the Middle East. Sitosterolemia is characterized by excessive uptake of phytosterols and their deposition in various tissues, leading to complications. Mutations in the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes are associated with pathological changes in sitosterolemia. <i>Case Presentation</i>. An adult patient from Saudi Arabia with dyslipidemia who did not respond to statin therapy. Based on genetic testing, the patient was eventually diagnosed with sitosterolemia. Ezetimibe significantly improved his cholesterol levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diagnosis of sitosterolemia is confirmed by the detection of high-phytosterol levels and pathological mutation in the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes. Treatment of sitosterolemia is based on dietary changes and drugs to inhibit cholesterol absorption, such as ezetimibe.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4451595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9152970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parackrama Karunathilake, Arun Rajaratnam, W K S Kularatne
{"title":"A Rare Observation of Brachymetacarpia and Brachymetatarsia in a Patient with Primary Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism.","authors":"Parackrama Karunathilake, Arun Rajaratnam, W K S Kularatne","doi":"10.1155/2023/4149677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4149677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brachymetacarpia and brachymetatarsia are unique clinical entities associated with numerous rare conditions. Primary hypoparathyroidism is distinct from pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism by lacking skeletal changes such as short metacarpals or metatarsals. Here, we present a case of a 64-year-old patient with brachymetacarpia and brachymetatarsia presented with hypocalcemic symptoms and signs, bilateral cataracts, and basal ganglia calcifications, subsequently diagnosed with idiopathic primary hypoparathyroidism. This is a rare case describing such an infrequent observation of brachymetacarpia and brachymetatarsia in primary idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4149677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9991468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9454335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitors Association with Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis.","authors":"Caroline Wojtas, Alex P Rasarmos, Naja Naddaf","doi":"10.1155/2023/6835882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6835882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the case of a 49 year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented to the emergency department with complaints of epigastric abdominal pain and intractable vomiting. He had been on sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for 7 months. Considering the clinical exam and lab findings with a glucose level of 229, a diagnosis of euglycemic DKA was made. He was treated according to DKA protocol and discharged. The relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and euglycemic DKA remains to be explored; given the absence of clinically significant hyperglycemia during the presentation, a delay in diagnosis may be observed. After an extensive literature review, we introduce our case presentation in the setting of gastroparesis in comparison to previous reports and suggest future improvements in terms of early clinical suspicion for euglycemic DKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6835882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9988385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9082420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Yeh Lee, Anna L Gloyn, David M Maahs, Priya Prahalad
{"title":"Management of Neonatal Diabetes due to a <i>KCNJ11</i> Mutation with Automated Insulin Delivery System and Remote Patient Monitoring.","authors":"Ming Yeh Lee, Anna L Gloyn, David M Maahs, Priya Prahalad","doi":"10.1155/2023/8825724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8825724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic form of diabetes. Management of hyperglycemia in neonates with subcutaneous insulin is challenging because of frequent feeding, variable quantity of milk intake with each feed, low insulin dose requirements, and high risk for hypoglycemia and associated complications in this population. We present a case of NDM in a proband initially presenting with focal seizures and diabetic ketoacidosis due to a pathologic mutation in the beta cell potassium ATP channel gene <i>KCNJ11</i> c.679G > A (p.E227K). We describe the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pump, automated insulin delivery system, and remote patient monitoring technologies to facilitate rapid and safe outpatient cross-titration from insulin to oral sulfonylurea. Our case highlights the safety and efficacy of these technologies for infants with diabetes, including improvements in glycemia, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness by shortening hospital stay.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8825724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10161479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria M Pineyro, Leonardo Diaz, Macarena Guzzetti, Mariana Risso, Jimena Pereda
{"title":"Acute Sheehan's Syndrome Presenting with Hyponatremia Followed by a Spontaneous Pregnancy.","authors":"Maria M Pineyro, Leonardo Diaz, Macarena Guzzetti, Mariana Risso, Jimena Pereda","doi":"10.1155/2022/9181365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9181365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute Sheehan's syndrome is rare, as well as hyponatremia as its initial manifestation. In addition, spontaneous pregnancy in patients after Sheehan's syndrome is unusual. To our knowledge, no cases of spontaneous pregnancy after acute Sheehan's syndrome have been reported. We describe a case of Sheehan's syndrome that presented with acute hyponatremia and a spontaneous pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 34-year-old female developed blood loss during delivery, which required a blood transfusion. On day seven postpartum, she presented with headaches, lethargy, and difficulty in breastfeeding. The workup showed hyponatremia (118 mEq/l), secondary hypothyroidism, and low prolactin levels. Magnetic resonance imaging showed pituitary necrosis. She was treated with NaCl, hydrocortisone (cortisol results were not available), and levothyroxine. Laboratory tests six weeks after discharge showed low IGF-1 and 8 AM cortisol and normal FT4, LH, FSH, and PRL levels. She was able to partially breastfeed until 4 months postpartum. Regular menstrual cycles started three months later. She became spontaneously pregnant one year later.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute Sheehan's syndrome should be considered in the evaluation of postpartum patients with suggestive symptoms. Physicians should be aware that hyponatremia could be an initial manifestation of Sheehan's syndrome, which requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Spontaneous pregnancy can occur after acute Sheehan's syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"9181365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9718624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35207478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thyroiditis after mRNA Vaccination for COVID-19.","authors":"Arunava Saha, Sanjita Chittimoju, Nitin Trivedi","doi":"10.1155/2022/7604295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7604295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 has been known to cause multisystemic involvement, gaining entry through ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 receptors. COVID-19 vaccine-associated thyroiditis cases are now being reported. <i>Case Report</i>. <i>Case 1</i>. A 36-year-old woman with a history of right hemithyroidectomy for a benign thyroid nodule, on a stable dose of levothyroxine with euthyroid labs, presented with progressively worsening left neck pain, episodic palpitations, and heat intolerance after the second dose of mRNA1273 (Moderna) vaccine. Examination revealed an enlarged and tender left lobe of the thyroid with suppressed TSH but normal free T4 and ESR, signifying subacute thyroiditis. She was managed conservatively without corticosteroids or beta-blockers, and her symptoms resolved. A follow-up revealed increasing TSH, and levothyroxine was restarted. <i>Case 2</i>. A 33-year-old man with a history of anxiety disorder on Sertraline, presented with a two-week history of palpitations, heat intolerance, and 10-pound weight loss after the second dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine. Examination revealed a normal thyroid gland with no tenderness with elevated thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. Ultrasound showed a diffusely heterogeneous thyroid with increased vascularity, suggesting silent thyroiditis. Follow-up revealed a hypothyroid phase with high TSH for which levothyroxine supplementation was started. <i>Discussion</i>. COVID-19 vaccine-associated subacute and silent thyroiditis have occurred following all three kinds of available vaccines, characterized by an initial thyrotoxic phase, followed by a hypothyroid phase and a recovery phase. Hypotheses include an immune response triggering thyroid inflammation or cross-reactivity with viral proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 vaccine-associated thyroiditis is rare, but long-term monitoring of these patients is essential to ensure appropriate diagnosis and management of the potential hypothyroid phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"7604295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9668472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40503673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire E Moore, Sabitha Sasidharan Pillai, Juliana Austin, Meghan E Fredette, Monica Serrano-Gonzalez
{"title":"Severe Hypothyroidism and Large Goiter due to Iodine Deficiency in an Adolescent Male in the United States: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Claire E Moore, Sabitha Sasidharan Pillai, Juliana Austin, Meghan E Fredette, Monica Serrano-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1155/2022/7235102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7235102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquired hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency is extremely rare in the United States due to the introduction of table salt iodization in the 1920s (Leung et al., 2012). We present the case of an adolescent male with a history of mild autism spectrum disorder and an extremely restrictive diet who was found to have iodine deficiency as the etiology for his rapidly enlarging goiter and antibody-negative hypothyroidism. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was 416 <i>μ</i>IU/mL (0.350-5.500 <i>μ</i>IU/mL), free thyroxine (T4) was <0.1 ng/dL (0.80-1.80 ng/dL), and triiodothyronine (T3) was 41 ng/dL (82-213 mg/dL) at diagnosis. The patient's 24-hour urinary iodine was undetectable. He was started on iodine supplementation with rapid visible improvement of goiter within two weeks and normalization of thyroid function tests within four weeks. Thorough dietary history and nutritional screening are important in cases of acquired hypothyroidism and/or goiter. Alternatively, diets that are low in iodized salt, dairy, bread, and seafood should raise concern for iodine deficiency, and patients with suspected or proven iodine deficiency should be screened for hypothyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"7235102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9646315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40708314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farid Gossili, Allan Carlé, Trine B Andersen, Helle D Zacho
{"title":"Giant Parathyroid Tumor: Parathyroid Adenoma versus Parathyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Farid Gossili, Allan Carlé, Trine B Andersen, Helle D Zacho","doi":"10.1155/2022/7712097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7712097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We present the preoperative detection of a giant parathyroid adenoma (GPA) using (<sup>99m</sup>Tc)-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy in a patient presenting with severely elevated parathyroid hormone, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and vitamin D insufficiency. The patient complained of cerebral symptoms and intermittent abdominal discomfort without constipation. After surgical removal of the hyperactive parathyroid gland and D vitamin supplementation, all blood tests were normalized. The clinical and paraclinical characteristics of GPA may raise the suspicion of parathyroid carcinoma, but not absolutely in this case.</p>","PeriodicalId":9621,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"7712097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40669051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}