Calcified Tissue International最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid on Kinetics of Enamel Demineralization in vitro at pH 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0.","authors":"Zeeshan Qamar, Zubaidah Binti Haji Abdul Rahim, Robert Hill, Hooi Pin Chew, Paul Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01545-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01545-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to use ion selective electrodes and microhardness studies to measure the effects of poly gamma glutamic acid (PGGA) on the demineralization kinetics of dental enamel subjected to simulated cariogenic continuous challenges at pH values of 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. A range of concentrations of microbially produced PGGA (1% and 2%) and NaF (0.01%, 0.1%, and 0.5%) was prepared. Sodium fluoride (NaF) was used as positive control and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution as negative control. Buffered acetic acid solutions (0.1 M) at pH 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 were used as demineralizing solutions. Fifty-four orthodontically extracted teeth (each varnished leaving a window of 2 × 2 mm) were pre-treated for 24 h with either the respective concentrations of NaF, or PGGA, and then immersed in demineralizing solutions. The calcium ions released from the PGGA and the NaF pretreated enamel in the demineralizing solutions at different pHs were continuously measured using Ca²⁺ Ion Selective Electrodes (Ca²⁺ ISEs). Subsequently, the teeth were subjected to cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) to determine the mineral concentration as a function of depth. Ca²⁺ ISE data showed enamel pre-treated with the different concentrations PGGA inhibited demineralization at all pHs, as was seen for the positive controls. Further, microhardness data on the same specimens showed that PGGA and the positive controls had not only protected the surface but also within the body of the lesions. PGGA, similarly to NaF, reduces enamel demineralization under artificial lesion formation conditions, not just at the surface but also within the body of the lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13190446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147980466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Clarification and Analysis of Demographic and Anthropometric Determinants in the Calculation of REMS Bone Mineral Density.","authors":"Francesco Conversano, Paola Pisani, Sergio Casciaro","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01547-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01547-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiofrequency echographic multi spectrometry (REMS) derives bone mineral density (BMD) using age- and anthropometry-dependent spectral models and conversion equations. The aim of this paper was to quantify the fraction of REMS BMD that can be explained by demographic and anthropometric variables. We analyzed 8000 proximal-femur and 8000 lumbar-spine REMS scans from Caucasian women, with independent development pools and fixed test sets of 4000 scans each and no significant development-versus-test differences in age, anthropometry, or REMS BMD. In 100 repeated runs, linear regression equations were fitted on random training subsets of 100-400 development scans. The primary anthropometric model equation included age and weight only. A further hypothetical maximum-explainability expanded model additionally included height, squared terms, and pairwise interactions, to explore the upper bound of explainability obtainable from anthropometric inputs alone. At train size 400, primary-model train/test R² values were 0.77/0.58 at the lumbar spine, 0.83/0.57 at the total hip, and 0.93/0.70 at the femoral neck; corresponding expanded-model values were 0.84/0.66, 0.89/0.69, and 0.95/0.75, respectively. Thus, although an association between REMS BMD and demographic/anthropometric variables was expected by design and resulted relevant even under independent testing, the primary model left 30-43% of REMS BMD unexplained by age and weight. The expanded model increased test R², but still left a substantial fraction of REMS BMD unexplained by anthropometric inputs. The highest R² values were consistently observed only in training data. Additional sensitivity analyses using alternative anthropometric models yielded similar findings. In conclusion, anthropometric explainability of REMS BMD was strongly sample-dependent and systematically much lower under independent testing than suggested by same-cohort analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147970645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Sensitivity of Sub-millimetre-resolution Definite Versus Thin Inter-/Intramuscular Fat Streaks from Calf and Thigh MRI.","authors":"Kenneth Tam, Si Wen Liu, Sarah Costa Ianes, Eva Szabo, Shannon Reitsma, Hana Gillick, Jonathan D Adachi, Andy Kin On Wong","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01529-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01529-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sub-millimetre resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveal detailed patterns of inter- and intra-muscular fat (IMF) enabled by recent segmentation algorithms. However, clinical relevance of finer IMF streaks, beyond definite deposits, remains unclear. T1-weighted spin-echo MRI was acquired in the AMBERS (Appendicular Muscle and Bone Extension Research Study; calves from community-based females) and OAI (Osteoarthritis Initiative; thighs from disease-focused males and females) cohorts, including adults 45-85 years old. Thigh and calf MR images were segmented using the iterative threshold-seeking algorithm to quantify definite versus thinner streaks, with 3D connectivity verification, and partial volume correction. Absolute and relative IMF volumes were derived. Lower-extremity physical function and activities of daily living (ADL) were assessed contemporaneously. Clinical sensitivity was evaluated using multivariable linear regression relating IMF volumes to demographics, physical function, and ADLs. Among 385 adults (89% female; age 71.6 ± 7.6 years; body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 4.9 kg/m²; IMF% 19.75 ± 4.1%), higher IMF% was associated with older age (1.5-2.7% per 10 years), female sex (3.8 [1.8, 5.8]%), and higher BMI (1.9-6.2% per 10 kg/m²). Negative associations with physical function and ADLs were strongest for definite IMF streaks, with more consistent effects at the calf than thigh. Thinner IMF streaks were less sensitive to physical function but unexpectedly showed beneficial links to ADL. High-resolution MRI-derived IMF is clinically sensitive to demographics and physical functional. Thinner IMF streaks, potentially representing greater dynamics of muscle fat turnover, may confer benefits for daily function, yet most clinical protocols fail to capture them.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147959687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Efficacy and Safety of Oral Meclizine for Growth Promotion in Children with Achondroplasia: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.","authors":"Masaki Matsushita, Hiroshi Kitoh, Takuo Kubota, Keita Okada, Kenichi Mishima, Kenta Sawamura, Taichi Kitaoka, Makoto Fujiwara, Yuichi Kato, Yuri Amano, Kazuki Nishida, Shiro Imagama","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01528-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-026-01528-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147926428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enamel Tubules and Spindles: Enter and Exit the Amelocyte.","authors":"Alan Boyde, David Mills","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01522-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01522-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By the commonly accepted rules of nomenclature, cells forming hard tissue which become incorporated within the inter- and extra-cellular tissue mass which they secrete are called '-cytes': the spaces in which these cells sit are called lacunae. Hence, osteoblasts become osteocytes in osteocytic lacunae, chondroblasts become chondrocytes, cementoblasts cementocytes, even odontoblasts become odontocytes in some mammalian species. We provide evidence that enamel spindles are cell bodies of ameloblasts which have become entrapped and buried in the enamel matrix produced by the surrounding cells, to produce amelocytic lacunae: it is no life for a cell in a rigid, dense and dead tissue, and we do not suppose that amelocytes live once they are set on that route. Spindles, normally only found at the enamel-dentine junction, are absent when the enamel at the junction is free of prisms, i.e., the ameloblasts had no Tomes' processes. Spindles have an organic content, the amelocyte residue which can be stained - and removed by bleach, after which the spindle space no longer stains. Spindles are extensions of enamel tubules which result from the extension of a fine ameloblastic process [from the major Tomes' process] which unites with an odontoblast process. In marsupial mammals, the spindle-like ends of the enamel tubules are commonly located well within the enamel. Spindles/amelocytes may form at the neonatal line in human deciduous teeth in cases of severe neonatal stress, and these features simply represent encapsulation of moribund ameloblasts. The frequency of spindles at the enamel dentine junction is greater in cases where the tooth germ is severely deformed by growth pressure from the forming root of a neighbouring tooth.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Sarcopenia: Mechanisms, Vulnerabilities, and Public Health Implications.","authors":"Rizwan Qaisar, Firdos Ahmad, Asima Karim","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01527-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01527-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores the emerging relationship between climate change and sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that contributes to frailty and disability in aging populations. It aims to synthesize current evidence on how climate-related stressors may influence muscle health and accelerate sarcopenia onset. We conducted a comprehensive literature review integrating findings from epidemiological studies, mechanistic research, and public health reports. Key climate stressors, including heat stress, air pollution, ultraviolet radiation changes, extreme weather events, and food insecurity, were examined for their biological and environmental impacts on muscle physiology. Vulnerable populations and geographic disparities were also analyzed. Climate stressors impair muscle health through distinct pathways: heat stress activates inflammatory and catabolic signaling; air pollution induces oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction; reduced ultravoilet exposure compromises vitamin D synthesis; and food insecurity limits access to protein and micronutrients. These factors interact with aging physiology, exacerbating muscle decline. Older adults, women, and individuals in tropical, urban, or high-altitude regions are disproportionately affected due to physiological and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Climate change is a modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia. Integrating environmental indicators into sarcopenia screening, promoting climate-resilient nutrition, and adapting geriatric care systems are essential for mitigating its impact. Interdisciplinary approaches are needed to address the compounded effects of climate stress and aging on muscle health and to inform public health strategies in a warming world.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Secondhand Smoke on the Biomineralization of Dental Enamel in Rats.","authors":"Juliana de Lima Gonçalves, Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Manoel Damião de Sousa-Neto, Fabrício Kitazono de Carvalho, Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz, Bernhard Ganss, Francisco Wanderley Garcia de Paula-Silva","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01542-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01542-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate the qualitative and quantitative morphological changes in dental enamel resulting from SHS exposure during early childhood, utilizing an animal model. Wistar rat offspring were divided into a control group (n = 15) and an SHS exposure group (n = 19). The experimental group was subjected to cigarette smoke twice daily for 5 min, from postnatal day 2 to day 28. Throughout the experimental period, growth was monitored by measuring both weight and body length. Dental enamel was assessed through photographic analysis, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and microhardness testing. Mandibles were processed, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Data analysis was conducted using Student's t-tests (⍺= 5%). There was a significant reduction in weight gain in the SHS-exposed group compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Macroscopic examination revealed no structural differences in the incisors or molars of SHS-exposed offspring relative to controls. SEM analysis demonstrated increased spacing between superficial enamel prisms was noted in the SHS group. In terms of chemical composition, significant decreases in phosphorus content (p = 0.033) and increases in carbon content (p = 0.017) were detected in the molars of the SHS group, with no significant differences found in calcium, oxygen, or the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio. Micro-CT analysis showed no changes in enamel volume or microhardness, and no significant differences were detected in ameloblast morphology. In conclusion, while SHS exposure did not induce macrostructural changes in enamel, it was associated with reduced phosphorus levels, increased carbon levels, and greater spacing between superficial enamel prisms leading to a mild disturbance in dental mineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Indices for Epidemiological Assessment of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Marta Mazur, Artnora Ndokaj, Marta Berdzik-Janecka, Irena Dus-Ilnicka, Roman Ardan, Sylvie Babajko, Katia Jedeon","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01538-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01538-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative developmental defect of enamel and one of the most prevalent oral health conditions in childhood. Over the last two decades, increasing attention has been given to its prevalence and etiology; however, marked heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and indices has limited the comparability of epidemiological findings. This systematic review aimed to identify and describe the diagnostic indices used for the epidemiological assessment of MIH in the general pediatric population. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify epidemiological studies published between January 2001 and December 2024 reporting MIH prevalence in children. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022345224). A total of 198 articles were included, corresponding to 201 independent epidemiological studies, as three articles reported results from two distinct study populations. The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria were used in 171 studies (75.7%), representing the most widely adopted diagnostic index. Other indices, including the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel index (mDDE), Mathu-Muju and Wright, Wetzel and Reckel, MIH Severity Scoring System (MIH-SSS), the MIH Treatment Need Index (MIH TNI) criteria, and FDI criteria, were used infrequently. Studies using EAPD criteria accounted for the largest cumulative sample size and showed a descriptively aggregated MIH prevalence of 12.9%, whereas prevalence estimates varied across alternative diagnostic indices. In conclusion, the lack of uniform diagnostic standards and nomenclature hampers global surveillance and limits the comparability of prevalence data. The adoption of MIH-specific diagnostic criteria, supported by adequate examiner calibration and transparent reporting, is essential to improve the quality, consistency, and interpretability of future epidemiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserved Mandibular Bone Microarchitecture Following Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis is Associated with a Specific Fatty Acid Composition in the Rat.","authors":"Maxime Bedez, Nicolas Bertheaume, Jérôme Delattre, Cécile Olejnik, Alexandrine During","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01543-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01543-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-eruptive Coronal Resorptions as a Clinical Feature of FAM83H-Related Amelogenesis Imperfecta: Insights from Two Brazilian Families.","authors":"Kemelly Karolliny Resende, Luanna de Sousa Amorim, Lilian Marly de Paula, André Ferreira Leite, Juliana Forte Mazzeu, Paulo Marcio Yamaguti, Ana Carolina Acevedo","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01540-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01540-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a group of rare hereditary conditions characterized by quantitative and/or qualitative enamel defects affecting both primary and permanent dentitions. Among the more than 70 genes associated with AI, FAM83H is the only gene known to cause autosomal dominant hypocalcified AI (ADHCAI). Recent studies have shown that causative variants in FAM83H disrupt amelogenesis and may also affect dental follicle cells, potentially leading to tooth impaction in ADHCAI patients. Here, we report two unrelated Brazilian patients with ADHCAI who present a distinctive and severe phenotype characterized by delayed eruption, multiple impacted teeth, and pre-eruptive crown resorptions (PECR). Longitudinal radiographic analysis revealed multiple unerupted teeth with progressive PECR. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified two nonsense heterozygous FAM83H causative variants (c.1055 C > A, p.Ser352*; c.1379G > A, p.Trp460*). Our findings represent the first report of FAM83H-related ADHCAI in Brazilian families and expand both the phenotypic spectrum and clinical severity associated with this gene. The presence of widespread PECR and adjacent bone alterations suggests that FAM83H dysfunction may affect not only enamel formation but also tooth eruption pathways and local tooth-bone interactions. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis, individualized radiographic follow-up, and genetic testing to guide counselling and clinical management of affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}