Calcified Tissue International最新文献

{"title":"Protrusio Acetabuli in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Two-Center Study on Incidence and Associated Factors.","authors":"Maria Gjættermann, Andrea Laufer, Jannie Dahl Hald, Jan Duedal Rölfing, Bjoern Vogt, Bjarne Møller-Madsen","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01554-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01554-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by increased fracture risk and bone deformity. Protrusio acetabuli (PA) is a well-recognized radiographic finding in patients with OI, yet data on its incidence, severity, and associated factors across different OI phenotypes remain limited. This retrospective study evaluated pelvic radiographs and clinical data of patients with OI treated in two centers. PA was assessed using established radiographic criteria and graded according to the Sotelo-Garza/Charnley classification. Demographic and clinical variables were analyzed to identify factors associated with PA. Of 69 patients included, PA was found in 32 (46.4%), of whom nine presented with severe, 15 with moderate, and eight with mild PA. Patients with PA were significantly older than those without PA. Univariable logistic regression identified female sex, body mass index > 25 kg/m², and scoliosis as factors significantly associated with PA. PA is a frequent radiographic finding in OI, affecting patients across all phenotypic severities, including mild disease, and may represent an underrecognized manifestation across the disease spectrum. While several factors were associated with its presence, these findings should be interpreted descriptively. Given the potential for selection bias, the reported prevalence may not be generalizable to the broader OI population. Further prospective studies are required to clarify the clinical relevance and natural history of PA in OI.Level of Evidence IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13230300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Collagen Cross-Linking Agents on Dentin-Composite Interface Strength and Morphology.","authors":"Faisal Ali Bin Abbooud AlQhtani, Zuhair Motlak Alkahtani, Muhammad Abdullah Kamran, Ahmed Ali M Albariqi, Khalid M Abdelaziz","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01550-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01550-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This in vitro study evaluated the effect of collagen crosslinking agents (grape seed extract, riboflavin, and chitosan nanoparticles with UVA light) on hybrid layer thickness, resin tag length, and shear bond strength (SBS) of a fifth-generation adhesive resin to caries-affected dentin of primary molars. Seventy-five carious human primary molars were selected, exhibiting lesions that reached the middle third of the dentin, according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria 5. Infected dentin was removed. The crowns were shortened in height up to CAD, and etching was performed, followed by division of the samples into five groups (n = 15 each). Group 1: No collagen crosslinking (CCL) agent; Group 2:6.5% Grape Seed Extract (GSE); Group 3:0.1% riboflavin (RF)-UVA; Group 4:0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs)-UVA; and Group 5: chlorhexidine (CHX). Composite restorations were built using a fifth-generation etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesive, followed by artificial aging. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the resin tag length (RTL) and hybrid layer (HL) thickness. The SBS and failure modes were assessed using a universal testing machine and a stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to evaluate the means across all tested groups (p < 0.05). Group 4-CHNPs-UVA demonstrated the highest RTL (20.03 ± 3.54 μm) and thickest HL (5.65 ± 0.42 μm). Group 1 (No CCL agent) displayed the shortest RTL (7.11 ± 1.05 μm) and thinnest HL (1.23 ± 0.11 μm). The CHNPs-UVA pretreated samples showed maximum bond strength (10.31 ± 0.23 MPa). Group 1 (No CCL agent) tested samples presented minimum bond integrity (6.18 ± 0.33 MPa). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, CHNPs-UVA appears promising as a biomodification strategy for CAD in primary molars and warrants further long-term in vivo investigations before clinical recommendations can be made.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease and Fracture Risk in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Matched Case-Control Study.","authors":"Aksayan Arunanthy Mahalingasivam, Annika Vestergaard Kvist, Joop P van den Bergh, Cassandra Smith, Joshua R Lewis, Peter Vestergaard, Nicklas Højgaard-Hessellund Rasmussen","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01556-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01556-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine, among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) phenotypes and cardiovascular medications are associated with any fracture as the primary outcome and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) as a secondary outcome. Nationwide registry-based matched case-control study in Denmark (2013-2021) among people with T2D. Cases were individuals with T2D who sustained an incident fracture (n = 12,390), and controls were fracture-free individuals with T2D matched 1:3 by age, sex, T2D onset date, and weighted Charlson Comorbidity Index (n = 37,170). The exposures were overall CVD, prespecified clinical CVD phenotypes (acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation/flutter (AFib/AFL), and atherosclerosis), subclinical CVD phenotypes (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD)), individual CVD subtypes, and cardiovascular medications. Any fracture was the primary outcome, and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) was examined as a secondary outcome. Conditional logistic regression estimated overall and sex-stratified odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and sex interactions were assessed. any fracture, overall CVD (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.15-1.26), clinical (OR 1.15; 1.09-1.21), and subclinical CVD (OR 1.22; 1.17-1.28) were associated with higher odds. AFib/AFL, atherosclerosis, CKD, heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and stroke showed positive associations, whereas AMI was inversely associated. Higher fracture odds were observed with factor Xa inhibitors, nitrates, and antiplatelet agents. Sex-stratified analyses showed broadly similar associations for CVD phenotypes in men and women, with no consistent evidence of sex-specific differences. Associations were weaker and non-significant for major osteoporotic fractures. In T2D, CVD and selected cardiovascular medications are associated with higher odds of fracture, highlighting the importance of incorporating cardiovascular status into fracture risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13219164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Sleep Quality and Early-Life Epigenetic Programming of Bone-Related Genes in Neonatal Cord Blood: Findings from the PERSIAN Birth Cohort, Isfahan.","authors":"Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi, Anoosha Niazmand, Seyed Morteza Javadirad, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, Nafiseh Mozafarian, Shekoufeh Roudashti, Motahar Heidari-Beni, Mahsa Rafieian, Maryam Bemanalizadeh, Parnian Poursafa, Vajihe Azimian Zavareh, Awat Feizi, Rasoul Salehi, Roya Kelishadi","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01510-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01510-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this cohort, we explored the DNA methylation changes of 3 genes of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin and RANKL/OPG pathways related to bone homeostasis in cord blood at birth. Those mothers with poor sleep quality in the first trimester of pregnancy had 5.9 times higher odds of complete OPG methylation compared to those with good sleep (adjusted OR = 5.9; 95% CI 1.04-33.0; p = 0.045). Maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy can influence fetal development through epigenetic mechanisms, potentially affecting neonatal skeletal programming and long-term bone health. Sleep quality is an important, modifiable maternal factor, but its role in shaping epigenetic regulation of bone development remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal sleep quality during pregnancy and DNA methylation of key genes of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Wnt Family Member 10B (WNT10B), β-catenin (CTNNB1), and osteoprotegerin (OPG or TNFRSF11B) in the offspring's cord blood samples at birth. A total of 300 pregnant women were recruited as a sub-study of the PERSIAN Birth Cohort-Isfahan. Maternal sleep patterns were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Methylation at cytosine-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites within the promoters of WNT10B, β-catenin, and OPG was quantified in offspring's cord blood at birth, and associations with maternal sleep quality across all trimesters were assessed. Poor sleep quality in the first trimester was significantly associated with increased OPG methylation (adjusted OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.05-1.8, p = 0.023). Mothers with poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 5) in the first trimester had 5.9 times higher odds of complete OPG methylation compared to those with good sleep quality (adjusted OR = 5.9, 95% CI 1.04-33.0, p = 0.045). However, associations with WNT10B and β-catenin were not statistically significant. Maternal sleep quality during early gestation may influence the DNA methylation and epigenetic programming of bone-related genes in neonatal cord blood, emphasizing the importance of maternal lifestyle as a modifiable factor shaping early-life bone health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148041245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Romosozumab Achieves Consistent Lumbar Spine BMD Gains Across All BMI Categories: The Apparent Enhanced Response in Underweight Patients is a Mathematical Artifact of Percentage Change.","authors":"Ryo Nakano, Ayumi Ichisawa, Kenya Saruta, Masakazu Kogawa, Akira Fukuda","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01553-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01553-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Body mass index (BMI) influences bone metabolism; however, its impact on romosozumab treatment response remains unclear. We investigated whether BMI independently predicts bone mineral density (BMD) response to romosozumab and re-examined the role of the outcome metric (absolute vs. percentage change) in generating the apparent BMI signal. This retrospective study analyzed 304 patients (97.4% female, mean age 76.8 years) with high-risk osteoporosis who completed 12-month romosozumab treatment (2019-2025). The primary outcome was the absolute change in lumbar spine (LS) BMD (post-treatment minus baseline, expressed in %YAM points); the percentage change was reported in parallel for comparison with the prior literature. We employed multivariate regression, mediation analysis, stratified analyses, bone turnover marker assessment including baseline TRACP-5b mediation analysis, geriatric nutritional risk index evaluation, BMI × prior treatment interaction testing, and 2-year longitudinal analysis (n = 145). When the response was expressed as an absolute change in LS-BMD, BMI showed no significant univariate association (Pearson's r = - 0.064, p = 0.267; ANOVA across five BMI categories: F = 0.54, p = 0.708), and the mean absolute gain was similar across all BMI categories (+ 7.8 to + 9.6%YAM points). Multivariate regression confirmed that BMI was non-significant (β = - 0.103, p = 0.396), while baseline LS-BMD (β = - 0.070, p = 0.020) and prior treatment (β = - 4.106, p &lt; 0.001) were the only independent predictors. The TRACP-5b mediation analysis showed the same pattern: in the full model adjusting for both baseline LS-BMD and baseline TRACP-5b, BMI remained non-significant (β = + 0.019, p = 0.877), while both baseline LS-BMD (β = - 0.088, p = 0.005) and baseline TRACP-5b (β = + 0.008, p &lt; 0.001) were independent predictors. Bone turnover marker changes were BMI-independent (P1NP: p = 0.831; TRACP-5b: p = 0.766). The GNRI also showed no significant association (unadjusted p = 0.198; adjusted p = 0.427). The interaction between BMI and prior treatment was not significant (p = 0.948). At 2 years, BMI remained non-predictive of cumulative absolute BMD gains (β = - 0.228, p = 0.163) and BMD maintenance during sequential therapy (β = - 0.044, p = 0.680). In contrast, when the response was expressed as a percentage change, BMI appeared to be inversely correlated with LS-BMD response (r = - 0.135, p = 0.019); this association was a mathematical artifact of the percentage-change metric, which inflates relative gains at lower baseline BMD. The apparent enhanced romosozumab response in underweight patients reflects the mathematical structure of the percentage change at lower baseline values rather than a genuine BMI-dependent pharmacological effect. Absolute BMD gains were similar across all BMI categories, and convergent evidence from multivariate regression, bone turnover marker analysis, nutritional assessment, and longitudinal follow-up confirmed the ","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148041230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA networks associated with skeletal aging and WNT pathway modulation.","authors":"David Achudhan, David Monroe, Mrunal K Dehankar, Ling Qin, Sundeep Khosla, Robert J Pignolo, Abhishek Chandra","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01549-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01549-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular senescence is a key mechanism of skeletal aging in both physiological and accelerated conditions, such as radiotherapy. This study aimed to identify common differentially regulated microRNAs (miRs) across these contexts. We performed miR sequencing on three models: femurs from young (5-month-old) versus old (24-month-old) mice; focally radiated versus non-radiated femurs; and osteocytes from young versus old mice. Osteocytes were included in the comparison, as they have the longest lifespan in the mineralized bone matrix and they form 90-95% of all mesenchymal bone cell types. Among the three groups, miR-135a-5p and miR-671-5p were the common (i.e., shared) miRs that were downregulated, and miR-183-5p, a miR that regulates the WNT pathway, was the only shared upregulated miR, while miR-155-5p, a miR that regulates the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), was elevated in two conditions. The WNT-pathway has been positively associated with bone health and Sclerostin, a WNT-pathway inhibitor produced and secreted by osteocytes, has been implicated in accelerated skeletal deterioration following radiation. Thus, we used a neutralizing antibody to Sclerostin (Scl-Ab), to assess genes related to the WNT pathway and senescence, which are regulated by miR-183-5p and miR-155-5p, respectively. We further performed miR sequencing in radiated bones from mice treated with Scl-Ab and identified miR-133a-3p, a key miR that inhibits bone metabolism and function, which is upregulated in accelerated skeletal aging (i.e., focal radiation) downregulated by Scl-Ab. Overall, our study identifies potential regulatory gene pathways that modulate skeletal aging in the presence and absence of a WNT activator, Scl-Ab.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Histochemical, and Proteomic Analysis of the Effects of Fluoride and Amoxicillin, with Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation, on Dental Enamel Formation.","authors":"I M Porto, A A S da Silva, J V A Dos Santos, B M Silva, E B Giacomin, G S da Fonseca, R F Gerlach","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01548-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01548-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells responsible for enamel formation, a process that requires tightly coordinated matrix secretion, proteolytic turnover, and hydroxyapatite crystal growth. Although genetically regulated, amelogenesis is susceptible to environmental modulation by agents such as fluoride and amoxicillin. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation have been proposed as potential protective factors against fluoride-induced enamel alterations. This study investigated whether combined exposure to fluoride and amoxicillin impairs ameloblast viability and enamel formation, and whether vitamin D and calcium supplementation can mitigate these effects. Using a rat incisor model, enamel structure, ameloblast apoptosis, and matrix protein dynamics were evaluated through ultrastructural analysis, histology, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and proteomic profiling. Fluoride exposure, particularly when combined with amoxicillin, resulted in disorganization of enamel prisms and increased apoptotic activity in ameloblasts, as evidenced by caspase-3 and TUNEL labeling, especially during the early maturation stage. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced KLK4 levels within ameloblasts, whereas proteomic analysis demonstrated increased KLK4 abundance in the enamel matrix, suggesting altered intracellular trafficking and impaired proteolytic turnover. Additionally, the abundance of AMBN, AMTN, and ODAM, proteins essential for enamel crystal nucleation and maturation, was reduced in treated groups. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation neither significantly restored enamel organization nor normalized matrix protein alterations under the experimental conditions tested. Overall, these results indicate that fluoride exposure, particularly when combined with amoxicillin administration, disrupts ameloblast homeostasis, matrix proteolysis, and enamel prism organization, resulting in structurally compromised enamel, with no beneficial effects from vitamin D and calcium supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Large Language Models in Answering Osteoporosis-Related Frequently Asked Questions: A Systematic Comparative Evaluation Based on International Associations.","authors":"Xuhui Wu, Jing Li, Shuying Liu, Yue Li, Qinyi Wang, Chuo Luo, Linke Shi, Yanfen Zheng, Lingqiong Meng, Min Fan, Zhifeng Sheng, Na Ouyang","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01546-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01546-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To systematically evaluate and compare the performance of large language models (LLMs) in answering osteoporosis-related frequently asked questions (FAQs) derived from international osteoporosis-related associations. A standardized question bank was constructed based on FAQs summarized from three international osteoporosis-related associations. Six LLMs were prompted to generate responses to all questions under uniform conditions. Two osteoporosis experts independently and blindly evaluated all responses using 5-point Likert scales for accuracy and comprehensiveness. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen's κ coefficient. Nonparametric statistical analyses, including Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's post hoc comparisons and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, were performed to compare models' performance. A total of 528 responses were generated from 88 association-based questions. Inter-rater agreement was good for both accuracy and comprehensiveness (κ = 0.668 and 0.702, respectively). Significant differences were observed among models, with Claude Sonnet 4.5 demonstrating the highest overall performance on association-based FAQs. Although most models showed solid medical knowledge and basic reasoning ability, substantial variability was observed across question types and prompt formulations. Current LLMs demonstrate promising potential as auxiliary tools for osteoporosis-related health management. However, it is necessary to optimize the strategies for integrating medical knowledge and designing prompts, so as to better improve the accessibility of its clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147947216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of YAP/TAZ Mechanobiological Signaling in Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Haotian He, Bao Xian, Lifei Wang, Xiuyuan Wang, Haochuan You, Yixiang Zhao, Bin Geng, Yayi Xia","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01536-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01536-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are prevalent degenerative bone diseases characterized by the deterioration of bone structure and function. Mechanical signals play a crucial role in their pathogenesis by modulating cellular behavior and tissue homeostasis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), key transcriptional regulators of the Hippo pathway, act as critical mechanosensors that translate mechanical cues into osteocyte and chondrocyte responses. Specifically, YAP/TAZ regulate osteocyte lacunar-canalicular remodeling, chondrocyte mechanoadaptation, and extracellular matrix metabolism, driving bone and cartilage degeneration when dysregulated. Historically, the Hippo pathway was initially linked to organ size control, but recent advances highlight its central role in skeletal mechanobiology. This narrative review elucidates YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanobiological signaling in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, examining their roles in osteocyte differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue repair. We analyze associated molecular networks and aberrant expressions in disease, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of targeting YAP/TAZ for stage-specific interventions, such as promoting bone formation or inhibiting cartilage breakdown.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of Calcium Dynamics in Ameloblasts.","authors":"Geneviève Dupont, Guilherme H Souza Bomfim, Rodrigo S Lacruz","doi":"10.1007/s00223-026-01551-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00223-026-01551-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key aspect of biological studies is the reliance on computation, including the use of mathematical models to mimic the behaviour of cellular functions and networks. Quantitative descriptions of biological processes typically rely on physics and chemistry and thus the generated models are mechanistic e.g. they explain behavior. With some exceptions, such models have been lacking in studies of ameloblasts biology and physiology, in part due to the absence of experimental observations. Here we provide a computational model for Ca²⁺ dynamics in ameloblasts based on recent quantitative data, allowing us to investigate how dynamic forces operate in ameloblasts at the secretory and maturation stages. We simulate the effects of mutations occurring in key Ca²⁺ handling proteins. Finally, we compare how ameloblasts differ from other non-mineralizing cell systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9601,"journal":{"name":"Calcified Tissue International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}