Cardiorenal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Health implications associated with fat-free mass: phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yuchen Ying, Chunxia Zhang, Shanshan Wu, Shudan Wang, Jiangfang Lian, Yupin Lin, Haiwang Guan, Dihui Cai","doi":"10.1159/000545641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fat-free mass (FFM) is a critical component of the human body, with implications for various diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive analysis integrating a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, and a systematic review to investigate the associations between FFM and health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PheWAS identified 183 phenotypes enriched for FFM associations, including diseases, body composition, and lifestyle factors. Two-sample MR analysis using FinnGen and UK biobank dataset revealed significant associations between genetically determined FFM and 36 disease outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. The mediation MR analysis indicates that FFM indirectly influences the levels of five biomarkers through visceral adipose tissue. A systematic review identified consistent associations between FFM and several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cervical disc disorders. Moreover, new associations such as low back pain and ovarian cancer were discovered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings challenge the conventional notion of FFM as a protective factor in health, suggesting that higher FFM levels may be linked to an increased risk of various diseases.. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Chronic Kidney Disease: Addressing Congestion Management.","authors":"Gregorio Romero-González, Faeq Husain-Syed, Abhilash Koratala, Néstor Rodriguez-Chitiva, María Antonieta Azancot, Marta Cobo Marcos, Amir Kazory, Claudio Ronco","doi":"10.1159/000545621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Renal Denervation on Cardiac Remodeling, Cardiac Function, and Cardiovascular Neurohormones in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.","authors":"Fei Si, Qian Liu, Xin Ma, Jing Yu","doi":"10.1159/000545078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of Renal Denervation (RDN) on cardiac remodeling, cardiac function, and cardiovascular (CV) neurohormones in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), identifying 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 9 single-arm studies, totaling 352 participants. Meta-analyses for RCTs and single-arm studies were conducted using STATA 17 software and the metafor package in R, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In RCTs, RDN significantly reduced left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (WMD=-3.55 mm, 95% CI [-5.51, -1.59], P<0.01), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (WMD=-4.13 mm, 95% CI [-6.08, -2.18], P<0.01), and significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (WMD=6.30%, 95% CI [4.64, 7.96], P<0.01) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance (WMD=51.25 m, 95% CI [8.30, 94.20], P<0.05). brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were significantly reduced (SMD=-1.24, 95% CI [-1.57, -0.90], P<0.01). In single-arm studies, RDN significantly reduced LVEDD (MC=-2.41 mm, 95% CI [-3.74, -1.09], P<0.01), LVESD (MC=-1.72 mm, 95% CI [-2.77, -0.67], P<0.01), LAD (MC=-1.62 mm, 95% CI [-3.16, -0.08], P<0.01), and interventricular septal thickness (IVST) (MC=-0.76mm, 95% CI [-1.05, -0.47], P<0.01). RDN significantly increased LVEF（MC=29.52%, 95% CI [ 12.74, 46.31], P<0.01）and 6MWT distance (MC=100.49 m, 95% CI [49.12, 151.86], P<0.05). RDN significantly reduced BNP or NT-proBNP levels (SMC=-0.57, 95% CI [-0.83, -0.31], P<0.01). Our study also found that RDN had varying degrees of reduction on Renin, Angiotensin II, Aldosterone, and Norepinephrine (NE) in HFrEF patients. Additionally, we found that RDN had no significant effect on SBP/DBP in HFrEF patients, but reduced heart rate (WMD=-7.22 bpm, 95% CI [-9.84, -4.60], P<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our meta-analysis demonstrates that RDN can improve cardiac remodeling, enhance cardiac function, reduce CV neurohormones and has no significant effect on blood pressure in patients with HFrEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of hospital admissions and death in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease: findings from a novel multidisciplinary clinic.","authors":"Simran Parmar, Tony Lopez, Ronak Shah, Daniel Murphy, Hilary Warrens, Marwa Khairallah, Lisa Anderson, Giuseppe Rosano, Irina Chis Ster, Debasish Banerjee","doi":"10.1159/000541806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often sub-optimally treated due to concerns of hyperkalaemia, declining kidney function, and hypotension. They commonly suffer from fluid overload which can lead to frequent hospitalisations and death. This research aims to determine the characteristics associated with hospital admissions and death in patients with CKD and HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients with CKD stage 3 to 5 and HF (regardless of ejection fraction) attending a large, specialised CKD-HF clinic between 12/Sept/2019 and 11/Nov/2021 were identified and data were collected on demographic factors, renal and heart function, medications, hospitalisations, and death. Multinomial and Cox regressions determined the characteristics of patients requiring hospitalisation and their risk of death, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 667 admissions were attributable to 318 patients, 201 admissions were for HF. Men were less likely than women to have been admitted to hospital for HF (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20, 0.94) and non-HF causes (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.10, 0.47). A serum haemoglobin level greater than 100 g/L was associated with fewer HF and non-HF admissions compared to a serum haemoglobin less than 100 g/L (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09, 0.74; RR 0.17, 95% CI 0.06, 0.47). Compared to CKD stage 3, CKD stage 4 was associated with an increased risk of HF and non-HF admissions (RR 4.01, 95% CI 1.04, 15.5; RR 4.33, 95% CI 1.13, 16.5). Having a HF admission (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.27, 4.60), HFrEF (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.30, 3.63)), CKD stage 4 (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.16, 3.16), and loop diuretic use (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.14, 4.40) were associated with a significantly increased risk of death compared to people with no admissions, with HFpEF, CKD stage 3, and no diuretic use, respectively. The use of RAAS inhibitors halved the risk of death compared to non-prescribed patients (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27, 0.72).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hospital admissions among CKD-HF patients were common, particularly in those with lower serum haemoglobin levels and advanced CKD stage. The risk of death was higher in those with HF admissions, the presence of HFrEF, advanced CKD stage, loop diuretic use, and those not prescribed RAAS inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Arterial Stiffness, Carbamylation, and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography with No or Mild Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Clara Daschner, Marcus E Kleber, Ksenija Stach, Goekhan Yuecel, Faeq Husain-Syed, Niklas Ayasse, Anders H Berg, Winfried März, Bernhard K Krämer, Babak Yazdani","doi":"10.1159/000543143","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The processes of atherosclerosis, inflammation, and carbamylation are closely linked in cardiovascular (CV) disease, but the potential of carbamylation burden as a CV mortality predictor is unclear, especially in patients with no or mild chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to investigate whether elevated carbamylated albumin (C-Alb), as a surrogate marker for carbamylation burden, is associated with mortality and arterial stiffness/atherosclerotic burden in patients with no or mild CKD, using pulse pressure (PP) as a marker for arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured C-Alb in 3,193 participants of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study who had been referred for coronary angiography and followed up for 10 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 62.7 years, and 30.4% were female. Mean blood pressure was 141/81 mm Hg, and mean C-Alb was 5.54 mmol/mol. Increase in C-Alb levels was associated with older age; female sex; increased PP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 levels; and increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and carotid stenosis. In contrast, BMI, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), albumin, and the proportion of active smokers decreased with increasing C-Alb levels. In particular, C-Alb showed a highly significant correlation with CAD severity: Friesinger (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.082, p < 0.001) and Gensini score (r = 0.066, p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for all-cause mortality prediction by the European Society of Cardiology Heart Score (ESC-HS) significantly improved from 0.719 to 0.735, and the AUC for CV mortality prediction based on C-Alb increased from 0.726 to 0.750 in patients without previously known CV disease. C-Alb correlated directly and significantly with PP (r = 0.062, p < 0.001), which was consistently the strongest predictor of mortality across all C-Alb tertiles. The hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality per 10 mm Hg increase (or 1,000 mm Hg/min increase for double product [DP]) in the 1st tertile of C-Alb were 1.18, 1.13, 1.11, and 1.11 for PP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and DP, respectively, but the HR for DBP did not reach significance. In the 3rd tertile of C-Alb, the HRs were 1.13, 1.05, and 1.09, for PP, SBP, and DP, respectively, but the HR for MAP did not reach significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>C-Alb may be a valuable biomarker for assessing CV risk and improving mortality prediction even in patients with no or mild CKD. The findings support the notion of a crosslink between carbamylation, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and mortality. While these results are promising, further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of C-Alb in CV disease progression and risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorenal Disease and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Two Sides of the Same Coin.","authors":"Gonzalo Núñez-Marín, Enrique Santas","doi":"10.1159/000543390","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a strong pathophysiological interrelationship, and their combination worsens prognosis.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article briefly reviews the bidirectional epidemiological burden and the pathophysiological interplay between HFpEF and CKD. It also discusses some of the controversial aspects regarding the diagnosis and screening of HFpEF in CKD patients and focuses on the most effective therapeutic approaches to improve symptoms and prognosis in this high-risk population.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Due to its prevalence and prognostic significance, HFpEF screening should be considered in patients with CKD, with careful use of traditional diagnostic tools in this population. Optimal medical therapy has seen major recent advances in patients with both HFpEF and CKD. SGLT2 inhibitors, finerenone, and semaglutide have consistently demonstrated cardio- and renoprotective effects in both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Cardiorenal Medicine: The Year 2024 in Review.","authors":"Amir Kazory, Claudio Ronco","doi":"10.1159/000544817","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"229-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Longitudinal Strain Correlates Poorly with Mortality in People with Diabetes Mellitus and Receiving Haemodialysis.","authors":"Saif Al-Chalabi, Sally Alezergawi, Darren Green, Smeeta Sinha, Philip A Kalra","doi":"10.1159/000542964","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Haemodialysis (HD) is a life-sustaining treatment for individuals with end-stage kidney disease. However, the risk of mortality remains significantly higher compared to the general population, even when matched for age and sex. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), derived from speckle tracking echocardiography, has shown promise as a predictor of mortality in HD patients. However, its prognostic utility in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and receiving HD remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of GLS in HD patients, with and without DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was a long-term follow-up extension study of an earlier published study that investigated a cohort of HD patients from a single centre with a comprehensive cardiovascular imaging protocol. All patients had an echocardiography with the use of speckle tracking software to determine GLS. Patients were divided into group A (with DM) and group B (without DM). Patients were followed up until death, major adverse cardiovascular events, transplantation, or the censoring date (29 February 2024). Statistical analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 184 patients receiving HD were included in the analysis. Patients with DM (group A) had significantly higher all-cause mortality (ACM) (47.1% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001) and a lower chance of receiving a kidney transplant (13.2% vs. 43.1%, p < 0.001). In group A, GLS did not predict ACM, whereas in group B, a GLS cut-off of -15.76% correlated with higher 5-year ACM (p = 0.036). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was a significant predictor of ACM in group A (HR 0.98; p = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GLS is a poor predictor of adverse outcomes in HD patients with DM, likely due to their high cardiovascular risk. In contrast, GLS was a significant predictor of mortality in non-diabetic HD patients. LVEF may be a more reliable prognostic indicator in high-risk diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Clinical Entity Bridging the Cardiovascular System and the Kidney: The Chronic Cardiovascular-Kidney Disorder.","authors":"Carmine Zoccali","doi":"10.1159/000542628","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The complex relationship between heart and kidney dysfunction has been a subject of medical inquiry since the 19th century. The term \"cardio-renal syndrome\" (CRS) was introduced in the early 2000s and has since become a focal point of research. CRS is typically categorized into five subtypes based on the sequence of cardiovascular and kidney disease events.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, as defined by the American Heart Association, describes a set of interrelated metabolic risk factors and their effects on the kidneys and cardiovascular system. This syndrome emphasizes the complexity of managing patients with combined conditions and identifies several knowledge gaps, including disease mechanisms, clinical phenotype variability, and the impact of social determinants of health. The chronic cardiovascular-kidney disorder (CCKD) framework proposes a shift from the term \"syndrome\" to \"disorder,\" focusing on concurrent cardiovascular and kidney problems regardless of their sequence.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>(i) The CCKD concept calls for simplification and conceptual clarity, arguing that understanding the bidirectional acceleration of disease progression between heart and kidney dysfunction can lead to more effective treatment strategies. (ii) Both CKM and CCKD share common pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Managing these conditions requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. (iii) Future directions include embracing precision medicine, public health strategies, interdisciplinary care models, and ongoing research and innovation. Both frameworks underscore the need for comprehensive, interdisciplinary care models and innovative treatment strategies to address the complex interplay between cardiovascular and kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation and Arterial Stiffness as Drivers of Cardiovascular Risk in Kidney Disease.","authors":"Lorenzo Lo Cicero, Paolo Lentini, Concetto Sessa, Niccolò Castellino, Ambra D'Anca, Irene Torrisi, Carmelita Marcantoni, Pietro Castellino, Domenico Santoro, Luca Zanoli","doi":"10.1159/000542965","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. The lower the glomerular filtration rate, the higher the CV risk.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Current data suggest that several uremic toxins lead to vascular inflammation and oxidative stress that, in turn, lead to endothelial dysfunction, changes in smooth muscle cells' phenotype, and increased degradation of elastin and collagen fibers. These processes lead to both functional and structural arterial stiffening and explain part of the increased risk of acute myocardial infarction and stroke reported in patients with CKD. Considering that, at least in patients with end-stage kidney disease, the reduction of arterial stiffness is associated with a parallel decrease of the CV risk; vascular function is a potential target for therapy to reduce the CV risk.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>In this review, we explore mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in CKD, paying particular attention to inflammation, reporting current data in other models of mild and severe inflammation, and discussing the vascular effect of several drugs currently used in nephrology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}