Cardiorenal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Finerenone: Evidence for benefit in Early Stages of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Diego Francisco Márquez, Alberto Ortiz, Daniel González-Moreno, Luis Miguel Ruilope, Gema Ruiz-Hurtado","doi":"10.1159/000548494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a recently introduced concept that links chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic risk factors such as obesity or diabetes mellitus (DM). The use of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² as a CKD indicator often detects more advanced stages of renal disease, even though risk is present at earlier stages, particularly in the presence of albuminuria.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone has demonstrated efficacy in reducing cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with CKD and type 2 DM. Data from FIDELITY, a pooled analysis of FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD, showed significant reductions in kidney failure and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD and type 2 DM. Moreover, data from FINEARTS-HF trial revealed that finerenone prevents onset of albuminuric CKD in patients.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>These results support a paradigm shift toward earlier intervention in CKM syndrome, with the aim of preserving renal function. Finerenone holds promise for changing the trajectory of CKD within a broader CKM framework. Ongoing trials will further define its role in diverse patient populations and stages of CKM syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Interplay of Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease in Atrial Fibrillation - Focus on Cardiorenal Outcomes.","authors":"Ulrike Baumer, Lea Pedarnig, Andreas Hammer, Eva Steinacher, Niema Kazem, Lorenz Koller, Ulrike Pailer, René Rettl, Gere Sunder-Plassmann, Alice Schmidt, Christian Hengstenberg, Patrick Sulzagruber, Alexander Niessner, Felix Hofer","doi":"10.1159/000548380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HF and CKD create a mutually reinforcing cycle, escalating disease development, and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Both are common comorbidities promoting AF and contributing to heightened symptom burden and poorer outcomes in AF. Here our aim was to investigate the relationship of heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cardiorenal outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with AF, treated at a tertiary centre between 01/2005 and 07/2019 were included. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death and hospitalization for HF (HHF). Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary endpoint, all-cause death, renal death, and dialysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included in total 7412 patients (median age 70 years, 39.7% female) with AF and followed them over a median of 4.5 years. There was a significant stepwise increase in 5-year's event rates for the composite of CV death/ HHF (no CKD &amp; no HF: 23%, HF: 61%, CKD: 63%, CKD &amp; HF: 82%; P-logrank <0.001). Both CKD (adjusted HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.55-2.25) and HF (adjusted HR 2.57, 95% CI 2.22-2.98) were significantly associated with CV death/ HHF after multivariable adjustment. A similar association was observed for the individual components of the primary endpoint and renal death/ dialysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both CKD and HF significantly increase the risk of CV death and HHF, as well as renal death/ dialysis in patients with AF. Risk assessment should expand beyond stroke and bleeding to cardiorenal complications including HHF, CV and renal death, as well as kidney failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of Diuretic Responsiveness in ICU Patients during the De- Resuscitation Phase: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Amir Gal Oz, Noam Goder, Yael Lichter, Or Goren, Reut Schvartz, Yacov Shacham, Shiran Gabay, Nimrod Adi, Ron Wald, Dekel Stavi","doi":"10.1159/000548083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fluid management is a critical aspect of care in critically ill patients. While fluid overload has been linked to adverse outcomes, the balance between achieving a negative fluid balance and preserving kidney function presents a clinical challenge, and the significance of diuretic responsiveness in patients in the de-resuscitation phase remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the association between forced diuresis, fluid balance, and clinical outcomes in ICU patients during the de- resuscitation phase. Additionally, we assessed whether changes in kidney function influence prognosis in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 527 critically ill patients treated with furosemide for at least three days during their ICU stay. Fluid balance, kidney function changes (assessed via KDIGO criteria), and clinical outcomes, including ICU mortality and modified SOFA score (excluding renal function), were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who achieved both a negative fluid balance and improvement in kidney function had the lowest mortality rates and better outcomes. Conversely, those who remained in positive fluid balance despite forced diuresis and exhibited worsening kidney function had the highest mortality and organ dysfunction progression. The presence of vasopressor use and mechanical ventilation was associated with poorer outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among ICU patients undergoing forced diuresis during the de- indicator, non-responsiveness signals a high-risk population. These findings underscore the need for individualized fluid management strategies and highlight the importance of further prospective studies to clarify the role of forced diuresis in critically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsatile arterial haemodynamic effect on renal outcomes in patients with acute heart failure.","authors":"François Croset, Pau Llàcer, Jorge Campos, Marina García-Melero, Carlos Pérez, Alberto Pérez-Nieva, Raúl Ruiz, Daniel Useros, Cristina Fernández, María Pumares, Almudena Vázquez, Esteban Pérez-Pisón, Martín Fabregate, Luis Manzano","doi":"10.1159/000547430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Haemodynamic changes in acute heart failure (AHF) are closely linked to renal function alterations. Pulse pressure (PP) may offer insights beyond mean arterial pressure (MAP) in identifying patients with vulnerable renal function during AHF episodes. This study aimed to investigate the association between PP and renal function parameters, including urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and changes in creatinine, in patients hospitalized for AHF.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational study involving 695 patients admitted for AHF between June 2020 and April 2023. PP was calculated at admission, and renal function parameters were assessed over the first 48 hours. A multivariable linear regression assessed the association between PP and UACR and creatinine changes, adjusting for possible confounders. Patients in the highest tertile of PP exhibited a significantly higher incidence of worsening renal function (WRF) (p=0.048) and a lower incidence of improved renal function (IRF) (p=0.001). Multivariable analysis identified PP as an independent predictor of changes in creatinine (p=0.010) and UACR (p=0.037). The findings suggest that elevated PP may indicate impaired renal autoregulation and an increased risk of renal deterioration during AHF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients hospitalized for AHF pulse pressure showed a positive and linear association with UACR values and changes in creatinine during the first 48 hours of intravenous furosemide treatment. Pulse pressure may help identifying patients with kidneys more susceptible to haemodynamic changes during hospitalization for AHF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between visceral lipid accumulation indicators and advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 1999-2018.","authors":"Zihan Fang, Jun Yuan, Jieshan Qiu, Qi Liu, Ran He, Danna Zheng, Juan Jin, Qiang He","doi":"10.1159/000547533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background A newly recognized condition, the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome,integrated disease spectrum encompassing interlinked renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic dysfunction. Visceral adiposity plays a pivotal role in driving this multisystem deterioration. Although surrogate markers such as the visceral adiposity index (VAI), metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF), body roundness index (BRI), and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) have been proposed to estimate visceral fat burden, their relationship with advanced CKM syndrome remains poorly defined.This study sought to thoroughly examine the links between these indices and advanced CKM risk, and to evaluate their ability to predict such risk. Methods In this study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999 to 2018, which included 22,019 adults aged 20 years and older. We calculated four indices of visceral fat accumulation (VAI, METS-VF, BRI, WWI) and assessed their associations with advanced CKM syndrome through weighted multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors. Results Advanced CKM syndrome was present in 17.4% of participants. All four indices were significantly associated with advanced CKM (all P < 0.05), with METS-VF showing the strongest association (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.51-2.30). Both METS-VF and VAI demonstrated a non-linear increase in risk for advanced CKM, whereas BRI and WWI showed a positive linear relationship with the risk. Subgroup analyses provided additional evidence, confirming that these associations remained consistent across multiple population subgroups. In ROC analysis, METS-VF demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.79), followed by WWI (AUC = 0.73), outperforming traditional markers such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Conclusions Elevated VAI, METS-VF, BRI, and WWI levels have been significantly linked to advanced CKM syndrome. METS-VF and WWI, as simple and non-invasive markers, show strong predictive capacity and may serve as effective tools for early detection and intervention in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Cardiorenal Medicine: The Year 2024 in Review.","authors":"Amir Kazory, Claudio Ronco","doi":"10.1159/000544817","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"229-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Arterial Stiffness, Carbamylation, and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography with No or Mild Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Clara Daschner, Marcus E Kleber, Ksenija Stach, Goekhan Yuecel, Faeq Husain-Syed, Niklas Ayasse, Anders H Berg, Winfried März, Bernhard K Krämer, Babak Yazdani","doi":"10.1159/000543143","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The processes of atherosclerosis, inflammation, and carbamylation are closely linked in cardiovascular (CV) disease, but the potential of carbamylation burden as a CV mortality predictor is unclear, especially in patients with no or mild chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to investigate whether elevated carbamylated albumin (C-Alb), as a surrogate marker for carbamylation burden, is associated with mortality and arterial stiffness/atherosclerotic burden in patients with no or mild CKD, using pulse pressure (PP) as a marker for arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured C-Alb in 3,193 participants of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study who had been referred for coronary angiography and followed up for 10 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 62.7 years, and 30.4% were female. Mean blood pressure was 141/81 mm Hg, and mean C-Alb was 5.54 mmol/mol. Increase in C-Alb levels was associated with older age; female sex; increased PP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 levels; and increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and carotid stenosis. In contrast, BMI, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), albumin, and the proportion of active smokers decreased with increasing C-Alb levels. In particular, C-Alb showed a highly significant correlation with CAD severity: Friesinger (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.082, p < 0.001) and Gensini score (r = 0.066, p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for all-cause mortality prediction by the European Society of Cardiology Heart Score (ESC-HS) significantly improved from 0.719 to 0.735, and the AUC for CV mortality prediction based on C-Alb increased from 0.726 to 0.750 in patients without previously known CV disease. C-Alb correlated directly and significantly with PP (r = 0.062, p < 0.001), which was consistently the strongest predictor of mortality across all C-Alb tertiles. The hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality per 10 mm Hg increase (or 1,000 mm Hg/min increase for double product [DP]) in the 1st tertile of C-Alb were 1.18, 1.13, 1.11, and 1.11 for PP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and DP, respectively, but the HR for DBP did not reach significance. In the 3rd tertile of C-Alb, the HRs were 1.13, 1.05, and 1.09, for PP, SBP, and DP, respectively, but the HR for MAP did not reach significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>C-Alb may be a valuable biomarker for assessing CV risk and improving mortality prediction even in patients with no or mild CKD. The findings support the notion of a crosslink between carbamylation, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and mortality. While these results are promising, further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of C-Alb in CV disease progression and risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorenal Disease and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Two Sides of the Same Coin.","authors":"Gonzalo Núñez-Marín, Enrique Santas","doi":"10.1159/000543390","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a strong pathophysiological interrelationship, and their combination worsens prognosis.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article briefly reviews the bidirectional epidemiological burden and the pathophysiological interplay between HFpEF and CKD. It also discusses some of the controversial aspects regarding the diagnosis and screening of HFpEF in CKD patients and focuses on the most effective therapeutic approaches to improve symptoms and prognosis in this high-risk population.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Due to its prevalence and prognostic significance, HFpEF screening should be considered in patients with CKD, with careful use of traditional diagnostic tools in this population. Optimal medical therapy has seen major recent advances in patients with both HFpEF and CKD. SGLT2 inhibitors, finerenone, and semaglutide have consistently demonstrated cardio- and renoprotective effects in both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers Associated with Worsening Renal Function and Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease among Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure.","authors":"Marcus Andreas Ohlsson, John Molvin, Hannes Holm Isholth, Zainu Nezami, Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene, Anders Christensson, Amra Jujic, Martin Magnusson","doi":"10.1159/000546236","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Worsening renal function (WRF) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Osteopontin (OPN) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) are expressed in the kidneys and are involved in bone mineralization processes. Higher OPN levels have been associated with a higher risk for adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and MEPE has been shown to promote renal phosphate excretion. Here, we explored if MEPE and OPN are associated with WRF and CKD in patients admitted for acute HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>WRF was defined as an increase in plasma creatinine of >26.5 mmol/L or 50% higher than admission concentration within 48 h of admission. OPN and MEPE were analyzed in 315 HF patients at baseline, and in 120 patients at 6-month follow-up. Associations between MEPE and OPN, and (a) WRF, (b) CKD stage 3-5, and (c) markers of kidney function were explored. Further, OPN and MEPE at baseline and at 6-month follow-up (delta [Δ] values) were related to CKD progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population had a mean age of 75 (±12) years and 31% were women. Higher levels of MEPE and OPN were associated with WRF (n = 30; OR 2.80; [1.49-5.25]; p = 0.001, and OR 1.84; [1.05-3.23]; p = 0.034, respectively). On admission, both MEPE and OPN were associated with CKD stage 3-5 (OR 5.27; [2.76-10.07]; p < 0.001, and OR 3.26; [1.90-5.60]; p < 0.001, respectively). At 6-month follow-up, progression in CKD stage was associated with ΔMEPE and ΔOPN (HR 2.53; [1.48-4.31]; p < 0.001, and HR 2.66; [1.51-4.71]; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Here, MEPE and OPN are for the first time shown to be independently associated with WRF and subsequent deterioration in CKD in a HF cohort. The mechanisms of these associations are currently largely unknown and need to be investigated further.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"453-461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Implications Associated with Fat-Free Mass: A Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Yuchen Ying, Chunxia Zhang, Shanshan Wu, Shudan Wang, Jiangfang Lian, Yupin Lin, Haiwang Guan, Dihui Cai","doi":"10.1159/000545641","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fat-free mass (FFM) is a critical component of the human body, with implications for various diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive analysis integrating a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, and a systematic review to investigate the associations between FFM and health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PheWAS identified 183 phenotypes enriched for FFM associations, including diseases, body composition, and lifestyle factors. A two-sample MR analysis using the FinnGen and UK Biobank dataset revealed significant associations between genetically determined FFM and 36 disease outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. The mediation MR analysis indicates that FFM indirectly influences the levels of five biomarkers in visceral adipose tissue. A systematic review identified consistent associations between FFM and several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cervical disc disorders. Moreover, new associations such as low back pain and ovarian cancer were discovered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings challenge the conventional notion of FFM as a protective factor in health, suggesting that higher FFM levels may be linked to an increased risk of various diseases. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9584,"journal":{"name":"Cardiorenal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"295-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}