Cardiovascular Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular Diseases Among Indian Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Bisma Jan,&nbsp;Mohammad Imran Dar,&nbsp;Bharti Choudhary,&nbsp;Parakh Basist,&nbsp;Rahmuddin Khan,&nbsp;Abdulsalam Alhalmi","doi":"10.1155/2024/6894693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6894693","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and India is no exception to this trend. With the ongoing aging of the population in India, there is a notable surge in the prevalence and impact of CVDs among older adults. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge concerning the prevalence, risk factors, and management of CVDs in the context of Indian older adults. The incidence of CVDs in India is not only alarming but also exhibits an upward trajectory with advancing age. Primary risk factors contributing to the elevated incidence among older adults include hypertension (HT), diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary habits. Additionally, stress and genetic predisposition emerge as noteworthy contributors to CVDs in this population. Effectively identifying and managing these risk factors among older adults in India is imperative to alleviate the burden of these diseases and enhance overall quality of life. Strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of CVDs in the country necessitate a comprehensive approach, integrating lifestyle interventions, public health initiatives, and a robust healthcare system. In summary, CVDs represent a significant health concern in both rural and urban areas of India. However, variations exist in the prevalence, risk factors, and accessibility to healthcare between these regions. Therefore, addressing the prevalence of CVDs in India necessitates a complex, multidimensional strategy that takes into account the unique opportunities and challenges that come with living in both rural and urban areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6894693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary Protection of Modified Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Lianqin Zhang,&nbsp;Kang Zhou,&nbsp;Tianchu Gu,&nbsp;Jingjing Xu,&nbsp;Mengzhu Shi,&nbsp;Jiang Zhu,&nbsp;Jindong Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/9889995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9889995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is reported to have early-phase and delayed-phase organ-protective effects. Previous studies have focused on the organ protection of a single RIPC protocol, and the clinical outcomes remain uncertain. Whether the modified RIPC (mRIPC) protocol performed repeatedly provides cardiopulmonary protection is still uncertain.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> In this single-center, randomized, controlled trial, 86 patients undergoing elective mitral valve replacement (MVR) surgery were randomized 1:1 to receive either mRIPC or no ischemic preconditioning (control). Three cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion induced by a blood pressure cuff served as the RIPC stimulus. mRIPC was induced at the following three time points: 24 h, 12 h, and 1 h before surgery. Blood samples were withdrawn at 10 min after intubation (T0), at 1 h after aortic declamping (T1), and at 6 h (T2), 12 h (T3), and 24 h (T4) after surgery to measure the serum concentrations of myocardial enzymes and other biomarkers, including cardiac troponin I (cTnI), which was the primary endpoint of this study. Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inotropic score (IS), and inflammatory mediators were also measured. Blood gas analysis was conducted to calculate the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio and A-aDO₂, and the incidence of acute lung injury (ALI) was also recorded.</p><p><b>Results:</b> mRIPC significantly decreased the serum concentrations of cTnI, CK-MB, and LDH at T2, T3, and T4 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and the IS decreased compared with that in the control group (12.0 ± 1.0 vs. 14.2 ± 1.1, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). In addition, the incidence of ALI in the mRIPC group was decreased (32.6% vs. 51.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.039), and the PaO₂/FiO₂ was higher at T4 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with those in the control group, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i> (TNF-<i>α</i>) were decreased at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the mRIPC group, and the level of IL-10 increased at the same time.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> mRIPC decreased the incidence of myocardial and lung injury in MVR surgery, providing new evidence for the clinical application of RIPC in valve surgery.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01406678).</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9889995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial Fibrillation Termination as a Predictor for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies","authors":"Jialing He,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang,&nbsp;Duan Luo,&nbsp;Xianchen Yang,&nbsp;Guoshu Yang,&nbsp;Hanxiong Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/9944490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9944490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to validate the predictive role of atrial fibrillation (AF) termination in long-term arrhythmia recurrence.</p><p><b>Method:</b> Our search encompassed databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library up to August 1, 2021. Three independent reviewers conducted screening and data extraction. The data included ablation strategy, recurrence mode, AF termination mode, numbers of patients, and recurrence cases in the termination and nontermination groups. The primary endpoint was the recurrence of atrial arrhythmia at long-term follow-up (≥ 12 months).</p><p><b>Results:</b> Our analysis included 22 publications, with 11 prospective studies being eligible for further meta-analysis. Among these, 14 studies reported significantly lower rates of arrhythmia recurrence in the AF termination group compared to the nontermination group. Among seven studies involving 1114 patients that examined single procedure outcomes, the pooled estimated effect was RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–1.90) with an <i>I</i>² value of 57%. Subgroup analysis focusing on termination mode as sinus rhythm yielded a pooled estimated effect of RR 0.74 (95% CI 0.59–0.92) with an <i>I</i>² value of 47%. Additionally, analysis of seven studies involving 1433 patients for repeat procedures demonstrated a significant preference for the AF termination group (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71–0.97, <i>I</i>² = 84<i>%</i>). Subgroup analysis indicated reduced heterogeneity when the termination mode was sinus rhythm (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.90, <i>I</i>² = 57<i>%</i>).</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Our study establishes that AF termination serves as an effective predictor for the success of persistent AF ablation procedures. This finding holds potential implications for clinical practice and contributes to our understanding of long-term arrhythmia recurrence in the context of AF termination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9944490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141439574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atorvastatin Attenuates Endothelial Cell Injury in Atherosclerosis Through Inhibiting ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptosis","authors":"Huilian Tan,&nbsp;Ling Liu,&nbsp;Yanchao Qi,&nbsp;Dahong Zhang,&nbsp;Yanchun Zhi,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5522013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5522013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Objective:</b> This study is aimed at investigating the effects of atorvastatin (ATV) on endothelial cell injury in atherosclerosis (AS) through inhibiting acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4)-mediated ferroptosis.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish an in vitro model of AS. The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis, and expression levels of apoptotic proteins were assessed. The levels of inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules were determined by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. Cellular iron content, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) levels, and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. ACSL4 overexpression was performed to investigate its role in ATV-mediated protection against ferroptosis.</p><p><b>Results:</b> ATV alleviated ox-LDL-induced HUVEC damage by restoring cell viability, reducing LDH levels, and inhibiting apoptosis. It also attenuated inflammation and adhesion by decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. ATV inhibited ferroptosis by regulating iron content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, ROS levels, and ACSL4 protein expression. Overexpression of ACSL4 (oe-ACSL4) hindered the protective effects of ATV on cell viability, antiapoptotic protein expression, LDH levels, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings suggest that ATV attenuates endothelial cell injury in AS by inhibiting ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis. These results provide insights into the potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5522013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Shengmai San for Viral Myocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Bing-rui Zhang,&nbsp;Xue-han Liu,&nbsp;Yu-tong Ling,&nbsp;Chun-li Lu,&nbsp;Xin-yan Jin,&nbsp;Yi-ming Wei,&nbsp;Yi-qing Cai,&nbsp;Nicola Robinson,&nbsp;Jian-ping Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/2127018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2127018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Shengmai San (SMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for supplementing <i>Qi</i> and <i>Yin</i> and can mitigate symptoms related to malignant arrhythmia and heart failure. This systematic review aimed at exploring the effectiveness and safety of SMS for viral myocarditis (VMC).</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Eight databases from their inception to June 2023 were searched to identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on SMS for VMC. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess methodological quality. Mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and input into the meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Forty-four RCTs were included involving 4298 participants. The interventions included 29 types of modified SMS decoctions and 15 patent medicines. Overall study quality was low. Compared with western medicine (WM), SMS was associated with higher recovery rate from palpitations (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.59, 3.33, 2 RCTs, <i>n</i> = 89), chest pain (RR 1.57, 95% CI [1.17, 2.09], 2 RCTs, <i>n</i> = 89), and lower cTnI (MD −0.82 ng/ml, 95% CI −0.98, −0.66, 1 RCT, <i>n</i> = 60). SMS plus WM was more effective than WM in palpitation recovery rate (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21, 1.92, 3 RCTs, <i>n</i> = 136), dyspnea recovery rate (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12, 1.94, 3 RCT, <i>n</i> = 267), ECG (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32, 1.55, 20 RCT, <i>n</i> = 2035), CK-MB (MD −6.36, 95% CI −8.43, −4.28, 8 RCT, <i>n</i> = 946), and cTnI (MD −0.06, 95% CI −0.06, −0.05, 3 RCT, <i>n</i> = 307). No serious adverse events were reported using SMS alone or in combination with WM.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> SMS used alone or combined with WM may have potential effectiveness on symptom alleviation, ECG recovery rate, myocardial injury markers, and cardiac function, but the effectiveness is uncertain due to the low quality and absence of placebo-controlled trials. The exact efficacy of SMS for VMC needs to be confirmed by high-quality double-blind RCTs in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2127018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Prolonged Cycle Length Resulting From Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation to Atrial Tachycardia on Ablation Outcome in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation","authors":"Jialing He,&nbsp;Guoshu Yang,&nbsp;Duan Luo,&nbsp;Yongxin Yang,&nbsp;Guijun He,&nbsp;Xianchen Yang,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/8880826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8880826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> There is limited available data regarding the impact of cycle length (CL) prolongation when converting atrial fibrillation (AF) to organized atrial tachycardia (AT) and its effect on clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>Methods and Method:</b> We retrospectively screened and included a cohort of 132 patients with persistent or long-standing persistent AF who underwent circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) and left atrial substrate modification (LASM) between January 2015 and October 2019. In all 132 consecutive patients, persistent AF was successfully converted into organized AT. For cases with recurrence after a 3-month blanking period, a repeat procedure was conducted.</p><p><b>Results:</b> We observed a notable prolongation in CL after ablation (average increase of 56.6 ± 30 ms). Following a median follow-up duration of 9.5 ± 5.1 months, 27 patients experienced recurrence. Through receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, a prolonged CL cut-off of 42.5 ms was identified, with a specificity of 71% and a sensitivity of 59.4%. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with CL less than 42.5 ms (group A, <i>n</i> = 48) and those with CL more than 42.5 ms (group B, <i>n</i> = 84). The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated a significantly higher recurrence-free rate after catheter ablation in group B compared to group A (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Upon termination of persistent AF into AT during ablation, it was found that CL prolongation beyond 42.5 ms was associated with improved freedom from arrhythmia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8880826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcatheter Embolization in Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations—Variable Use of Vascular Plugs","authors":"Jochen Pfeifer,&nbsp;Anas Gheibeh,&nbsp;Peter Fries,&nbsp;Martin Poryo,&nbsp;Axel Rentzsch,&nbsp;Hashim Abdul-Khaliq","doi":"10.1155/2024/4778469","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4778469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical application and primary outcome of transcatheter embolization using Amplatzer™ Vascular Plug (AVP) Type 2 and Type 4 in different congenital cardiovascular malformations.</p><p><b>Design:</b> This is a single-center retrospective observational cohort study.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> We analyzed clinical and imaging data of 36 patients retrospectively who received transcatheter embolizations of the following malformations using AVP: systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries (SPCA), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and aberrant pulmonary sequestration arteries (PSA). We included all patients treated in our institution from January 2010 to July 2023.</p><p><b>Results:</b> In 36 patients (median age 40.0 months, range 0.5 months–42.0 years; 56.8% male), 44 AVPs were implanted in 37 procedures. The target lesions were SPCA in <i>n</i> = 15 procedures, PDA in <i>n</i> = 9, VSD in <i>n</i> = 9, and PSA in <i>n</i> = 4. Thirty-four AVP Type 2 and 10 AVP Type 4 were applied, the latter only in SPCA and PSA. SPCA was most common in complex congenital heart disease with univentricular physiology (75.0%). VSD were associated with additional cardiac malformations in 33.3%, PDA were associated with prematurity (55.6%), and all pulmonary sequestrations occurred in scimitar syndrome. Primary total or subtotal occlusion succeeded in <i>n</i>38/44 (86.3%). For residual PDA, an additional occluder was implanted in one patient. In one case, pulmonary sequestration had to be treated surgically. One premature infant with PDA closure sustained a relevant obstruction of the left pulmonary artery by the outer AVP disc which required surgical correction 4 months later.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Embolization using AVP is a suitable approach for closure of various cardiovascular malformations with a high primary success rate and low complication rate. It should be considered in treatment of different irregular vessel anomalies and in selected VSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4778469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Hemodynamic Changes Associated With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Abiodun Idowu,&nbsp;Olayinka Adebolu,&nbsp;Casipit Bruce,&nbsp;Bede Nriagu,&nbsp;Endurance Evbayekha,&nbsp;Kevin Bryan Lo,&nbsp;Olayinka Afolabi-Brown,&nbsp;Janani Rangaswami","doi":"10.1155/2024/2735577","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2735577","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been shown to lower incident heart failure (HF) and HF hospitalizations, but the mechanisms of benefit in relation to invasive hemodynamics remain unclear. Using PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed multiple online databases for randomized trials evaluating the effect of SGLT2i on invasive hemodynamics. Rest and peak exercise invasive hemodynamics were measured via right heart catheterization pre- and postintervention. Random effects model meta-analysis at a 95% confidence interval was done using RevMan 5.0. A total of 3 studies with a total of 145 patients were included in the meta-analysis. SGLT2i was significantly associated with a reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest and peak exercise. Similarly, SGLT2i reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest and peak exercise, respectively; however, this was not statistically significant. This hypothesis-generating study offers mechanistic insights into the central hemodynamic effects of SGLT2i underpinning the HF benefits of SGLT2i.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2735577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuating Atherosclerosis through Inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β Pathway-Mediated Pyroptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs)","authors":"Shihuan Li,&nbsp;Qingjie Li,&nbsp;Qiaofeng Zhou,&nbsp;Suqin Li,&nbsp;Siqi Wang,&nbsp;Qing Yao,&nbsp;Changhan Ouyang,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Mincai Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/1506083","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1506083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Objective</i>. We investigated the effects of resveratrol (Res) and MCC950 on the pyroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the potential pathway. <i>Methods and Results</i>. Compared with the control (Con) group, the atherosclerosis (AS) group showed calcified nodules, which suggested that the calcification medium induced the calcification of VSMCs. VSMCs showed proliferative activity and significantly attenuated calcification under treatment with 10 <i>μ</i>mol/L Res. The calcium salt was detected by alizarin red S staining. Res and MCC950 downregulated the calcification, inflammatory, pyroptosis, and transcription factor-related indicators all decreased by RT-qPCR with Western blot and immunofluorescence. The results showed that Res and MCC950 refrained the calcification of VSMCs and that Res has a better effect than MCC950. Plaques and calcium salt deposits were present in the carotid region in the control group. More calcium salt deposits were evident in the plaques of the Par group by HE staining and alizarin red S staining. The calcification indexes BMP2, Runx2, and related indexes declined by immunofluorescence, which showed parthenolide-inhibited AS. The related protein expressions were consistent with the expression of the cell experiments. <i>Conclusion</i>. Our data demonstrated that inflammatory response and pyroptosis exacerbate AS and unravel the link between VSMCs and the progression of AS lesions. Res and MCC950 inhibited the calcification of VSMCs by regulating NF-<i>κ</i>B/NLRP3/IL-1<i>β</i> signaling axis. P53 can exacerbate the AS lesions by acting on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Our findings supported the clinical applications of Res and MCC950 in VSMCs individuals to counteract pyroptosis and AS, and P53 inhibitors also can be a potential treatment for AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1506083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140298484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative Treatment with Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran on Changes of Coagulation and Platelet Activation Biomarkers following Left Atrial Appendage Closure","authors":"Yao Yao,&nbsp;Yanli Li,&nbsp;Qinchun Jin,&nbsp;Xiaoye Li,&nbsp;Xiaochun Zhang,&nbsp;Qianzhou Lv","doi":"10.1155/2024/4405152","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4405152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insufficient data exist regarding the investigation of the impact of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) on coagulation activation biomarkers in the context of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) and device-related thrombosis (DRT). The study was designed to investigate the changes and presence of coagulation activation biomarkers between different antithrombotic strategies following LAAC. A total of 120 nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients intolerant of long-term anticoagulants, who underwent successful WATCHMAN closure implantation, were enrolled (rivaroxaban, <i>n</i> = 82; dabigatran, <i>n</i> = 38). Blood samples were obtained from left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) during the operation and fasting blood samples on the same day of LAAC and 45 days after discharge. The biochemical indicators, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and CD40 ligand (CD40L), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary endpoints of this study were the efficacy and safety characteristics of different antithrombotic strategies, including DRT incidence, stroke or transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, and clinical major and nonmajor bleeding complications during the follow-up of 180 days. The results revealed that TAT, vWF, sP-selectin, and CD40L levels in vein were significantly reduced by 2.4% (<i>p</i> = 0.043), 5.0% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), 8.7% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and 2.5% (<i>p</i> = 0.043) from their baseline levels after rivaroxaban treatment. Conversely, no significant changes were detected in the dabigatran group. Furthermore, the plasma levels of platelet activation biomarkers (CD40L and sP-selectin) in both LA and LAA groups were significantly lower after anticoagulation with rivaroxaban, as compared to dabigatran treatment (CD40L: 554.62 ± 155.54 vs. 445.02 ± 130.04 for LA <i>p</i> = 0.0013, 578.51 ± 156.28 vs. 480.13 ± 164.37 for LAA <i>p</i> = 0.0052; sP-selectin: 2849.07 ± 846.69 vs. 2225.54 ± 799.96 for LA <i>p</i> = 0.0105, 2915.52 ± 1402.40 vs. 2203.41 ± 1061.67 for LAA <i>p</i> = 0.0022). Notably, the present study suggests that rivaroxaban may be more effective in the prevention of DRT for patients undergoing LAAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/4405152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}