Cardiovascular Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Implication of Anti-CTGF in Neointimal Hyperplasia via Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction and VSMC Phenotypic Switch","authors":"Ae-Rang Hwang,&nbsp;Chang-Hoon Woo,&nbsp;Young Jin Kang","doi":"10.1155/cdr/5400858","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/5400858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as CCN2, is a matricellular protein of the CCN family (CCN1-6) that regulates the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, the intercellular signaling pathway that CTGF takes for vascular remodeling, such as VSMC phenotype transition, has not been fully elucidated. This study employed a combination of in vivo and in vitro tests to examine VSMC phenotype and reveal the role of CTGF in vascular remodeling induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). The in vitro experiments showed that Ang II upregulated CTGF expression in rat VSMCs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Genetic depletion of CTGF with siRNA against rat <i>Ccn2</i> prevented Ang II–induced autophagic flux impairment. In addition, Ang II–induced phenotypic switch was inhibited by 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, suggesting CTGF is involved in Ang II–induced phenotypic switch via regulating autophagic flux impairment. In addition, this CTGF-dependent autophagy regulation was involved in Ang II–induced mitochondrial dysfunction in VSMCs. Moreover, anti-CTGF antibody treatment inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in a mouse model of carotid artery ligation-induced neointima formation suggesting a novel perspective role of CTGF in the phenotype switching of VSMCs and the neointimal proliferation process. These results offer insights into the effect of anti-CTGF on preventing autophagic flux impairment and VSMC phenotype switching caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular diseases associated with aberrant VSMC proliferation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/cdr/5400858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Outcomes of Rotational Versus Orbital Atherectomy in Calcified Coronary Lesions: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Eyad Jamileh,&nbsp;Ahmed Elmewafy,&nbsp;Fahad Muhammad,&nbsp;Ahmed Ali Kayyale,&nbsp;Usama Al Bushe Ade,&nbsp;Abdelmadjid Zinet,&nbsp;Umar Faruq Ali,&nbsp;Ibrahim Antoun","doi":"10.1155/cdr/4716803","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/4716803","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe coronary artery calcification (CAC) can complicate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with less favourable procedural and clinical outcomes. Rotational atherectomy (RA) and orbital atherectomy (OA) are established calcium-modification strategies used to facilitate PCI in heavily calcified lesions. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the comparative clinical and procedural outcomes of RA and OA in patients with severe CAC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidance. PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to July 2026 for studies directly comparing RA and OA in patients undergoing PCI for severe CAC. Eligible studies were synthesised quantitatively where appropriate and narratively otherwise. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for the randomised controlled trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No statistically significant differences between RA and OA were identified for short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), short- or long-term all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, long-term nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or short-term target vessel revascularisation (TVR). Compared with OA, RA was associated with higher odds of long-term MACE (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.01–2.26), short-term nonfatal MI (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.05–2.98) and long-term TVR (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.12–5.64). Conversely, coronary dissection occurred less frequently with RA (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20–0.72). There were no significant between-group differences in cardiac tamponade, device-induced coronary perforation, slow-flow/no-reflow, fluoroscopy time or contrast volume.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this updated meta-analysis of more than 80,000 patients, OA was associated with lower pooled rates of long-term MACE, short-term nonfatal MI and long-term TVR, whereas RA was associated with a lower rate of coronary dissection. No consistent difference in all-cause mortality was demonstrated. Given the predominantly observational evidence base, these associations should not be interpreted as evidence of causal superiority, and device selection should remain individualised according to lesion characteristics, intravascular imaging findings and operator expertise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: A Real-World Study Based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database","authors":"Maoxia Fan,&nbsp;Huimin Lu,&nbsp;Jiacheng Zheng,&nbsp;Yawen Wang,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Lijing Zhang","doi":"10.1155/cdr/8073571","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/8073571","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, data mining of adverse event (AE) signals related to anthracyclines was conducted to explore their potential medication risks, especially cardiotoxicity, in order to promote the rational and safe use of these drugs in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AE data for anthracyclines (represented by aclarubicin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin) commonly used to treat hematologic malignancies and solid tumors were retrieved from the FAERS database from January 1, 2004, to June 30, 2025. Disproportionation analysis was primarily used to mine signals of AEs related to anthracyclines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 324 AE reports related to aclarubicin, 298 related to daunorubicin, 822 related to doxorubicin, and 334 related to epirubicin were extracted from the FAERS database. Based on risk signal detection using the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) for cardiac AEs: For aclarubicin, left ventricular dysfunction exhibited the strongest risk signal among AEs with positive risk signals, whereas cardiac failure had the largest number of reports. For daunorubicin, supraventricular arrhythmia represented the strongest risk signal among AEs with positive risk signals, and tachycardia had the highest reporting count. For doxorubicin, acute cardiomyopathy showed the strongest risk signal among AEs with positive risk signals, whereas cardiac failure possessed the greatest number of reports. For epirubicin, heart failure with midrange ejection fraction yielded the strongest risk signal among AEs with positive risk signals, and cardiac failure had the largest number of reports.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides a more comprehensive insight into the monitoring, supervision, and management of adverse reactions related to anthracyclines. Clinicians should further focus on the impact of various AEs related to anthracyclines and their corresponding signal strengths, especially the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines, which is of great value for improving the clinical safety of anthracyclines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Performance of Calcium-Modification Strategies for Coronary Lesions: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials","authors":"Fiorenzo Simonetti,&nbsp;Andreas T. Kristensen,&nbsp;Tobias Lenz,&nbsp;Felix Voll,&nbsp;Moritz von Scheidt,&nbsp;Michael Joner,&nbsp;Tobias Rheude,&nbsp;Hendrik Sager,&nbsp;Erion Xhepa,&nbsp;Adnan Kastrati,&nbsp;Niels Thue Olsen,&nbsp;Salvatore Cassese","doi":"10.1155/cdr/9434123","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/9434123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcified coronary lesions are associated with an increased risk of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) failure. Despite the availability of several calcium-modification strategies and randomized trials evaluating their efficacy, comparative investigations remain scanty. The aim of the present analysis is to assess the comparative performance of calcium-modification strategies in patients undergoing PCI of calcified coronary lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic search for randomized trials evaluating calcium-modification strategies in patients undergoing PCI. Random-effects network meta-analyses were performed. The primary outcome was minimal stent area (MSA). Secondary outcomes included all-cause death and stent thrombosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two trials enrolling 4855 patients were included. Compared to calcium modification with noncompliant balloons, the use of cutting/scoring balloon (mean difference: 0.81 mm², 95% confidence interval: [0.36, 1.27]; <i>p</i> = 0.001), super high-pressure balloon (SHPB, 0.95 mm² [0.18, 1.72]; <i>p</i> = 0.016), intravascular lithotripsy (IVL, 0.87 mm² [0.40, 1.34]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), rotational atherectomy (RA, 0.90 mm² [0.30, 1.50]; <i>p</i> = 0.003), and RA plus cutting balloon (1.24 mm² [0.46, 2.02]; <i>p</i> = 0.002) led to larger MSA. According to a network ranking analysis, RA, SHPB, and IVL were possibly the best treatment options in terms of MSA. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between calcium-modification strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with standard noncompliant balloons, RA and balloon-based strategies improved the mechanical performance of PCI in calcified coronary lesions. However, this did not result in better clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Potential Druggable Targets in Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Proteome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study With Cross-Platform and Experimental Validation","authors":"Da Gao,&nbsp;Haiyan Lin,&nbsp;Shengjie Wang,&nbsp;Yanwei Wang,&nbsp;Hao Yang,&nbsp;Zicheng Wang","doi":"10.1155/cdr/7359278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cdr/7359278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coronary atherosclerosis (CA) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study is aimed at identifying candidate plasma proteins and potential therapeutic targets for CA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using integrated protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data. Forward two-sample MR was first performed using cis-pQTLs from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP), followed by reverse MR analysis to exclude potential reverse causality. Bayesian colocalization analysis was conducted to ensure that the associations between proteins and CA were driven by shared genetic variants. Summary-data-based MR (SMR) combined with HEIDI testing was used to prioritize proteins and eliminate linkage bias. Significant proteins were cross-referenced with a curated druggable genome to identify their potential therapeutic relevance. Cross-platform validation was performed using the SomaScan-based pQTL dataset from deCODE genetics. An oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)–induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury model was used for the evaluation of prioritized proteins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forward MR analysis using UKB-PPP cis-pQTL data identified 45 CA-associated proteins (23 protective, 22 risk-related; FDR &lt; 0.05), with no reverse causality observed. Five proteins—PARP1, SDCCAG8, FST, FOLH1, and NCAN—were prioritized through MR (FDR &lt; 0.05), colocalization analysis (PP.H4 &gt; 0.50), and SMR analysis with HEIDI filtering (<i>p</i>_SMR &lt; 0.05; <i>p</i>_HEIDI &gt; 0.05). All five proteins were included in the druggable genome list, supporting their potential therapeutic relevance. PARP1 showed consistent associations across Olink and SomaScan platforms and was upregulated in an ox-LDL-induced HUVEC model as assessed by western blot.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identified PARP1, SDCCAG8, FST, FOLH1, and NCAN as genetically prioritized candidate proteins for CA, with PARP1 showing the most consistent evidence across analyses. Further validation and mechanistic studies are warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/cdr/7359278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Catheter Versus Conventional Two-Catheter Primary PCI in STEMI: A 1:1 Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study","authors":"Xin Kou,&nbsp;Sen Lei,&nbsp;Hang Fu,&nbsp;Lingyun Gao","doi":"10.1155/cdr/4057540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cdr/4057540","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the gold-standard reperfusion strategy for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the conventional two-catheter percutaneous coronary intervention (C-PCI) workflow requires sequential use of diagnostic and guiding catheters, causing avoidable procedural delays. Single-catheter percutaneous coronary intervention (SC-PCI) uses a single universal guiding catheter for both coronary angiography and intervention, improving intraprocedural efficiency, but comparative data remain limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled 268 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing transradial pPCI. Using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), baseline confounders were balanced between the SC-PCI and C-PCI groups. The primary endpoint was puncture-to-balloon (P2B) time; secondary endpoints included core procedural time metrics, intraprocedural exposure, safety, and short-term outcomes. Exploratory subgroup analyses were performed to assess the consistency of treatment effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After PSM, 120 well-balanced patients (60 per group) were included. SC-PCI significantly reduced P2B time (median 9.5 vs. 15.5 min, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), along with shorter puncture-to-angiography time, cath-lab door-to-balloon time, fluoroscopy duration, and lower contrast volume (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in procedural success, overall complication rates, or in-hospital mortality between groups. In exploratory subgroup analyses, the P2B benefit was consistent across subgroups, with no significant interactions (all <i>p</i> for interaction &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this propensity-matched STEMI cohort, SC-PCI was associated with shorter P2B time and improved intraprocedural efficiency, with no significant differences in periprocedural safety outcomes, suggesting that SC-PCI may be a promising strategy to optimize STEMI interventional workflows.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/cdr/4057540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prodrug Strategies in Atherosclerosis: Targeted Delivery and Therapeutic Advances","authors":"Elaheh Mirhadi,&nbsp;Wael Almahmeed,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1155/cdr/5159097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/cdr/5159097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atherosclerosis is an advancing and complex vascular condition primarily associated with sustained inflammatory responses, oxidative imbalance, and disruptions in lipid homeostasis. These pathological features render it a major contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular disease, encompassing both morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatment modalities, including statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors and surgical procedures, frequently encounter limitations due to inefficient pharmacokinetic profiles, insufficient targeting of pathological sites and widespread adverse effects. To address these therapeutic shortcomings, prodrug and nano-prodrug technologies have gained recognition as innovative systems capable of enabling site-specific and stimuli-activated therapeutic delivery in atherosclerotic disease management. This review discusses ROS-responsive prodrugs, biomimetic nano-prodrug platforms, and multifunctional theranostic nanotechnologies as alternative approaches for advanced atherosclerosis treatment. These systems enable targeted drug activation in oxidative plaque environments, improve pharmacokinetics, and enhance lesion-specific delivery via mechanisms such as VCAM-1 targeting, integrins, and cell membrane cloaking. Notably, in preclinical models nano-prodrugs have been reported to produce combined therapeutic effects by modulating lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, and preventing foam cell formation, whereas theranostic platforms have enabled real-time monitoring of treatment response in animals. No nano-prodrug platform for atherosclerosis has yet been evaluated in humans. Despite progress, key barriers to clinical translation remain, including poor scalability and reproducibility of nanomaterials, patient variability in plaque biology, limited long-term safety data, and regulatory challenges for complex nanosystems. Future advances will require biomarker-guided patient selection, robust clinical validation, multistimuli-responsive designs, and well-defined regulatory standards. Overcoming these issues is vital for integrating nano-prodrug technologies into precision atherosclerosis therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/cdr/5159097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Apolipoprotein B and Severity of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Individuals Aged 45 and Above: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Dingchao Lv,&nbsp;Mao Ye,&nbsp;He Huang,&nbsp;Suqi Lv,&nbsp;Chen Li,&nbsp;Xiaolan Wang,&nbsp;Bin Yang","doi":"10.1155/cdr/2249959","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/2249959","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is widely recognized as a biomarker significantly associated with cardiovascular risk. However, the correlation between ApoB and the severity of coronary artery anatomical stenosis (Gensini score) in individuals aged 45 and above has not been fully studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted, involving 818 patients who underwent coronary angiography. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure lipid parameters, including ApoB. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed using the Gensini score, and patients were divided into two groups based on the median cut-off (&lt;36 vs. ≥ 36). A multivariate regression model was used to evaluate the association between ApoB and the severity of stenosis after adjusting for potential confounding factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the mild stenosis group (Gensini score &lt; 36), the moderate-to-severe stenosis group (score ≥ 36) had significantly higher levels of ApoB (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 g/L) and LDL-c (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while HDL-c and ApoA levels were lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that ApoB was independently associated with moderate-to-severe coronary stenosis (<i>β</i> = 46.1, 95% CI: 31.3–61.0 <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Sensitivity analysis using continuous Gensini score confirmed the association (<i>β</i> = 22.57, 95% CI: 13.67–31.47, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Dose–response analysis revealed that higher ApoB tertiles were associated with progressively higher Gensini scores (<i>P</i> for trend = 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed a consistent positive correlation between ApoB and Gensini scores across all clinical subgroups (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with no significant interactions detected (all <i>P</i> for interaction &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ApoB levels are significantly positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis in the population aged ≥ 45 years, indicating its potential clinical application value in evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Correlation Between Helper T-Lymphocyte Subsets and Atrial Fibrillation: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Jiahui Li,&nbsp;Yafen Yang,&nbsp;Hongxuan Fan,&nbsp;Zhuolin Huang,&nbsp;Yalin Yuan,&nbsp;Rui Bai,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Bin Liang","doi":"10.1155/cdr/4440768","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/4440768","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the predominant arrhythmia. Growing evidence indicates that immunological diseases may play a role in its development. This study combined observational and genetic analyses to investigate how T-lymphocyte subsets and immunomodulatory drug targets influenced AF risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study retrospectively analyzed T lymphocyte subsets in 302 AF patients and 183 healthy controls. After balancing covariates via 1:1 propensity score matching, multivariate regression revealed AF patients had significantly higher absolute counts of Th1 and Th17 cells, and higher Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A subsequent two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, which assessed 731 immune traits and included drug-target MR, established causal relationships. It showed that increased counts of CD4⁺CD8dim T cells (OR = 1.03, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and IgD⁻CD38dim B cells (OR = 1.06, <i>p</i> = 0.0003) elevated AF risk. Furthermore, IL-6R-mediated CRP elevation increased AF risk (OR = 1.33, <i>p</i> = 5.18E-7), whereas higher IL-18 gene expression was protective (OR = 0.95, <i>p</i> = 0.036).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune dysfunction, especially T lymphocyte subsets, is a risk factor for the development of AF. The IL-6R signaling pathway may be a potential target for AF prevention, whereas the use of IL-18 inhibitors may increase the risk of AF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Magnesium Status on the Association of Tobacco Exposure With Depression in Old Patients With Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study of the NHANES Database","authors":"Yunyu Liang,&nbsp;Hua Jiang,&nbsp;Yan Zhong,&nbsp;Sijie Qiu,&nbsp;Xinmei Li,&nbsp;Pingchang Xie","doi":"10.1155/cdr/3372455","DOIUrl":"10.1155/cdr/3372455","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study is to examine the effect of magnesium depletion score (MDS) on the relationship between tobacco exposure and depression in older patients with heart failure (HF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES, 2005–2018) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Weighted logistic regression models were used to assess associations between MDS, tobacco exposure, and depression. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to minimize potential confounding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 554 eligible participants, 166 presented with depression. After covariate adjustment, quitting smoking (robustness OR = 2.179, 95% CI: 1.190–3.685), current smoking (robustness OR = 1.941, 95% CI: 0.904–3.770), and serum cotinine ≥3 ng/mL (robustness OR = 1.968, 95% CI: 0.986–3.590) were significantly associated with increased depression risk. After PSM, quitting smoking (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.13–4.12) and cotinine ≥3 ng/mL (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.06–5.75) remained significantly associated with depression. Compared with MDS ≤ 2 combined with no smoking, MDS ≤ 2 combined with quitting smoking (robustness OR = 2.375, 95% CI: 1.076–4.739) and MDS &gt; 2 combined with quitting smoking (robustness OR = 3.142, 95% CI: 1.413–5.824) or currently smoking (robustness OR = 5.608, 95% CI: 1.790–13.661) were all linked to higher odds of depression. A significant multiplicative interaction between MDS and smoking was observed with <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. Also, MDS &gt; 2 combined with serum cotinine ≥3 ng/mL was associated with higher odds of depression compared with MDS ≤ 2 combined with serum cotinine &lt; 0.05 ng/mL (robustness OR = 5.258, 95% CI: 1.869–11.546).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MDS appears a possible interaction on the association between self-reported tobacco exposure and depression. Whether maintaining adequate magnesium status can help reduce depression risk in HF patients needs further validation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9582,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Therapeutics","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}