Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Regulatory T Cells in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Leiling Liu, Jiahui Hu, Hao Lei, Huali Qin, Chunfang Wang, Yajun Gui, Danyan Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07463-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-023-07463-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is linked to immune-inflammatory injury, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in suppressing immune-inflammatory responses. However, the precise role of Tregs in pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the current knowledge on the role and mechanisms of Tregs in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and explore their perspectives and challenges as a new therapeutic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treg cells may play an important protective role in pressure overload (hypertension, aortic stenosis), myocardial infarction, metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity), acute myocarditis, cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, storage diseases), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Although some challenges remain, the safety and efficacy of Treg-based therapies have been confirmed in some clinical trials, and engineered antigen-specific Treg cells may have better clinical application prospects due to stronger immunosuppressive function and stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeting the immune-inflammatory response via Treg-based therapies might provide a promising and novel future approach to the prevention and treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9462020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Interplay Between Metabolism and CD4⁺ T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Function: a Novel Perspective for Atherosclerosis Immunotherapy.","authors":"Jingmin Yang, Yanying Chen, Xiao Li, Huali Qin, Jinghui Bao, Chunfang Wang, Xiaochen Dong, Danyan Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07466-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-023-07466-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological process that results from the chronic inflammatory reaction of the blood vessel wall and involves various immune cells and cytokines. An imbalance in the proportion and function of the effector CD4⁺ T-cell (Teff) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) subsets is an important cause of the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Teff cells depend on glycolytic metabolism and glutamine catabolic metabolism for energy, while Treg cells mainly rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is crucial for determining the fate of CD4⁺ T cells during differentiation and maintaining their respective immune functions. Here, we review recent research achievements in the field of immunometabolism related to CD4⁺ T cells, focusing on the cellular metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming involved in the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells. Subsequently, we discuss the important roles of mTOR and AMPK signaling in regulating CD4⁺ T-cell differentiation. Finally, we evaluated the links between CD4⁺ T-cell metabolism and atherosclerosis, highlighting the potential of targeted modulation of CD4⁺ T-cell metabolism in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9473321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Low-Dose Prasugrel on Platelet Reactivity in Chronic Phase of Post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (CHAPERON): a Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Tatsuya Fukase, Shinichiro Doi, Tomotaka Dohi, Takuma Koike, Ryota Nishio, Hidetoshi Yasuda, Mitsuhiro Takeuchi, Norihito Takahashi, Yuichi Chikata, Hirohisa Endo, Hiroki Nishiyama, Iwao Okai, Hiroshi Iwata, Shinya Okazaki, Hiroyuki Daida, Satoru Suwa, Tohru Minamino, Katsumi Miyauchi","doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07454-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-023-07454-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Asians often face the problems of clopidogrel resistance and East Asian paradox. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of P2Y₁₂ inhibitors, including low-dose prasugrel 2.5 mg, on the P2Y₁₂ reaction unit (PRU) in the chronic phase after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 348 patients were studied. PRU was measured 6-12 months after PCI and subsequently, 6 months later using a P2Y₁₂ assay, respectively. This study evaluated the proportion of bleeding risk (PRU ≤ 85) and ischemic risk (PRU ≥ 239) as primary endpoints, and the prediction of bleeding risk and ischemic risk using multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 136 patients (39%) received prasugrel 3.75 mg, 48 patients (14%) received prasugrel 2.5 mg, and 164 patients (47%) received clopidogrel 75 mg. Clopidogrel 75 mg had a significantly higher proportion of ischemic risk within one year after PCI than the other groups, and was an independent predictor for ischemic risk with reference of prasugrel 3.75 mg. In addition, switching from clopidogrel 75 mg to prasugrel 2.5 mg significantly lowered and aggregated the PRU value. Whereas, dose reduction of prasugrel had a significantly lower proportion of bleeding risk over one year after PCI than the continuation of prasugrel 3.75 mg, and was an independent predictor for bleeding risk with reference of continuation of prasugrel 3.75 mg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prasugrel 2.5 mg has a lower ischemic risk and a more stable PRU value compared with clopidogrel treatment. Prasugrel also contributes to a decline in bleeding risk with concomitant dose reduction.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN), ID: UMIN000029541, Date: October 16, 2017 ( https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000033395 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9343991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events Potentially Prevented with Guideline-Recommended Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy following Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Swati Sakhuja, Vera A Bittner, Todd M Brown, Michael E Farkouh, Emily B Levitan, Monika M Safford, Mark Woodward, Ligong Chen, Ruoyan Sun, Nafeesa Dhalwani, Jenna Jones, Bethany Kalich, Jason Exter, Paul Muntner, Robert S Rosenson, Lisandro D Colantonio","doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07452-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-023-07452-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Many adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) who are recommended to take a statin, ezetimibe and/or a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) by the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guideline do not receive these medications. We estimated the percentage of recurrent ASCVD events potentially prevented with guideline-recommended cholesterol-lowering therapy following a myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted simulations using data from US adults with government health insurance through Medicare or commercial health insurance in the MarketScan database. We used data from patients with an MI hospitalization in 2018-2019 to estimate the percentage receiving guideline-recommended therapy. We used data from patients with an MI hospitalization in 2013-2016 to estimate the 3-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ASCVD events (i.e., MI, coronary revascularization or ischemic stroke). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with guideline-recommended therapy was derived from trials of statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9i, and the associated ASCVD risk reduction was estimated from a meta-analysis by the Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment Trialists Collaboration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 279,395 patients with an MI hospitalization in 2018-2019 (mean age 75 years, mean LDL-C 92 mg/dL), 27.3% were receiving guideline-recommended cholesterol-lowering therapy. With current cholesterol-lowering therapy use, 25.3% (95%CI: 25.2%-25.4%) of patients had an ASCVD event over 3 years. If all patients were to receive guideline-recommended therapy, 19.8% (95%CI: 19.5%-19.9%) were estimated to have an ASCVD event over 3 years, representing a 21.6% (95%CI: 20.5%-23.6%) relative risk reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation of guideline-recommended cholesterol-lowering therapy could prevent a substantial percentage of recurrent ASCVD events.</p>","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9290749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Differential Expression of LOXL1-AS1 in Coronary Heart Disease and Its Regulatory Mechanism in ox-LDL-Induced Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cell Pyroptosis.","authors":"Bangrong Song, Haiming Dang, Ran Dong","doi":"10.1007/s10557-024-07601-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-024-07601-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the therapeutic effects of nanoparticles loaded with drugs against atherosclerosis.","authors":"Tianfeng Shi, Kunkun Liu, Yueyou Peng, Weibin Dai, Donglian Du, Xiaoqiong Li, Tingting Liu, Ningning Song, Yanfeng Meng","doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07461-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-023-07461-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Presently, there are many drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS), among which lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative drugs have been the most studied. These drugs have been shown to have inhibitory effects on the development of AS. Nanoparticles are suitable for AS treatment research due to their fine-tunable and modifiable properties. Compared with drug monotherapy, experimental results have proven that the effects of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs are significantly enhanced. In addition to nanoparticles containing a single drug, there have been many studies on collaborative drug treatment, collaborative physical treatment (ultrasound, near-infrared lasers, and external magnetic field), and the integration of diagnosis and treatment. This review provides an introduction to the therapeutic effects of nanoparticles loaded with drugs to treat AS and summarizes their advantages, including increased targeting ability, sustained drug release, improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity, and inhibition of plaque and vascular stenosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9459120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibodies with and without Apheresis on Platelet Aggregation in Familial Hypercholesterolemia.","authors":"Lukáš Konečný, Marcel Hrubša, Jana Karlíčková, Alejandro Carazo, Lenka Javorská, Kateřina Matoušová, Lenka Kujovská Krčmová, Vladimír Blaha, Milan Bláha, Přemysl Mladěnka","doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07455-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-023-07455-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>It is well known that elevated cholesterol is associated with enhanced platelet aggregation and patients suffering from familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have a high risk of thrombotic cardiovascular events. Although decreasing cholesterol level is associated with attenuation of platelet hyperactivity, there are currently no data on the effect of convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9ab) on platelet reactivity in FH. The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of different therapies including PCSK9ab on platelet aggregation in FH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled all 15 patients treated in the University Hospital Hradec Králové for FH. PCSK9ab have been administered in 12 of 15 patients while 8 patients were also undergoing lipid apheresis. Blood samples from all patients including pre- and post-apheresis period were tested for platelet aggregation triggered by 7 inducers, and the effect of 3 clinically used drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, ticagrelor and vorapaxar) was compared as well.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although apheresis decreased the reactivity of platelets in general, platelet responses were not different between non-apheresis patients treated with PCSK9ab and apheresis patients (post-apheresis values) with the exception of ristocetin. However, when compared to age-matched healthy population, FH patients had significantly lower platelet aggregation responses to 4 out of 7 used inducers and higher profit from 2 out of 3 used antiplatelet drugs even after exclusion of FH patients regularly receiving conventional antiplatelet treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed for the first time the suitability of PCSK9ab treatment for reduction of platelet reactivity in FH patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9394490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Significant Mitral Stenosis-a Preliminary Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Mao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07451-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-023-07451-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis (MS) are listed as a contraindicated population to direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) because of the traditional tenet of high stroke risk, despite scarce evidence. With accumulating data, we sought to conduct a systematic meta-analysis to preliminarily explore the efficacy and safety of DOAC versus warfarin in patients with AF and concomitant significant MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the Medline, Embase databases, and the Cochrane Library (assessed October 10th, 2022) for eligible studies. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were synthesized in Stata 16.1 (StataCorp).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In random-effects meta-analyses, DOACs demonstrated a similar risk of stroke or systemic embolism (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.09-2.96), all-cause death (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.35-1.87), major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.24-1.39), and silent cerebral ischemia (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.64-1.58) when compared with warfarin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DOACs were similar to warfarin in the efficacy and safety profiles in patients with AF and concomitant significant MS. Future evidence is expected from other large trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9242619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Implications of Fractional Flow Reserve Measured Immediately After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.","authors":"Bettina Csanádi, Tamás Ferenci, Gábor Fülöp, Zsolt Piróth","doi":"10.1007/s10557-023-07437-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-023-07437-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the present study was to find the independent predictors of Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) measured immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation (post-PCI FFR) and investigate if applying vessel-specific post-PCI FFR cut-off values to predict target vessel failure (TVF), a composite of cardiac death (CD), non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and target vessel revascularization (TVR), or a composite of CD and MI ameliorated its predictive power.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients with post-PCI FFR measurement at our center between 2009 and 2021 were included in this analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 434 patients with 500 vessels were included. Median pre-PCI FFR was 0.72 with no difference between LAD and non-LAD vessels. Median post-PCI FFR was 0.87. LAD location, male gender, smaller stent diameter, and lower pre-PCI FFR proved to be significant predictors of a lower post-PCI FFR. On a vessel-level, post-PCI FFR, stent length, and diabetes mellitus proved to be significant predictors of TVF and the composite of CD and MI. The best post-PCI FFR cut-off to predict TVF or a composite of CD and MI was 0.83 in the LAD and 0.91 in non-LAD vessels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LAD location is a predictor of a lower post-PCI FFR. Post-PCI FFR is an independent predictor of TVF as well as of the composite of CD and MI. No uniform target post-PCI FFR value exists; different cut-off values may have to be applied in LAD as opposed to non-LAD vessels.</p>","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levosimendan for Diastolic Dysfunction?","authors":"Yochai Birnbaum, Lisa Kay McClendon","doi":"10.1007/s10557-024-07606-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10557-024-07606-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9557,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}