Cancer treatment reviews最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosis and management of bispecific T cell–engaging antibody toxicity: A primer for emergency physicians","authors":"Monica K Wattana ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rowland ,&nbsp;Aiham Qdaisat ,&nbsp;Hannah Levavi ,&nbsp;Theodora Anagnostou ,&nbsp;Larysa Sanchez ,&nbsp;Philip Friedlander ,&nbsp;Nicholas Rohs ,&nbsp;Demis N. Lipe ,&nbsp;Joshua Richter","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are a newer type of immunotherapy designed to boost T-cell cytotoxicity. They are increasingly used in cancer treatment, with drugs currently being tested and authorized for treating both liquid and solid tumors. It’s becoming more likely that emergency physicians and other acute care practitioners will treat patients experiencing adverse events related to bispecific antibodies, as these drugs are regularly given in the outpatient setting. Currently, BsAb-associated side effects are not routinely taught to Emergency Medicine residents, and a paucity of literature exists to guide currently practicing Emergency Medicine physicians and other acute care practitioners about these medications.</div></div><div><h3>Objective of the review</h3><div>This review was written by emergency medicine physicians in collaboration with oncologists who routinely administer BsAbs to provide guidelines and an overview on diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies for adverse events related to bispecific antibodies.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Side effects related to BsAbs require a multidisciplinary treatment approach ideally with oncologists notified early when an adverse event is suspected. Symptom presentation is subtle with BsAb toxicity and the main adverse events to consider working up are cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell neurotoxicity, and infection. The article also discusses unique side effects specific to FDA-approved drugs to treat leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, lung cancer, and melanoma given that this drug class has heterogeneous receptor-specific side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 102889"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current controversies in the use of Oncotype DX in early breast cancer","authors":"Pier Paolo M. Berton Giachetti ,&nbsp;Ambra Carnevale Schianca ,&nbsp;Dario Trapani ,&nbsp;Antonio Marra ,&nbsp;Angela Toss ,&nbsp;Caterina Marchiò ,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Dieci ,&nbsp;Oreste Davide Gentilini ,&nbsp;Carmen Criscitiello ,&nbsp;Kevin Kalinsky ,&nbsp;Joseph A. Sparano ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Curigliano","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multigene prognostic genomic assays have become essential tools in the management of early breast cancer (BC), providing information that help in risk-stratification, to provide risk-adapted decision-making of adjuvant treatments. Clinical practice guidelines recommend refining the prognostic information provided by clinical and pathology features with the use of genomic tests, such as Oncotype DX®, to classify cancers into risk groups and inform adjuvant treatment strategies. However, the clinical value (i.e., prognostic and/or predictive) and applicability of these assays vary due to differences in the clinical setting, especially in those populations that were underrepresented in pivotal clinical trials. Oncotype DX® is a broadly utilized genomic test for breast cancer, having the highest level of supporting evidence to inform clinical practice. Our manuscript provides a comprehensive overview on this recurrence score assay, evaluates supporting evidence across patient populations, and discusses their impact on treatment decisions in those groups of patients underrepresented in pivotal clinical trials, where evidence is limited with the use of Oncotype DX.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 102887"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “PARP inhibitors in gliomas: Mechanisms of action, current trends and future perspectives” [Cancer Treat. Rev. 131 (2024) 102850]","authors":"Eugenia Cella ,&nbsp;Alberto Bosio ,&nbsp;Pasquale Persico ,&nbsp;Mario Caccese ,&nbsp;Marta Padovan ,&nbsp;Agnese Losurdo ,&nbsp;Marta Maccari ,&nbsp;Giulia Cerretti ,&nbsp;Tamara Ius ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Minniti ,&nbsp;Ahmed Idbaih ,&nbsp;Nader Sanai ,&nbsp;Michael Weller ,&nbsp;Matthias Preusser ,&nbsp;Matteo Simonelli ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Lombardi","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102866","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 102866"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintenance therapy after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas: A literature review","authors":"Natalia Soledad Tissera ,&nbsp;Francesca Balconi ,&nbsp;Alejandro García-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Jorge Hernando Cubero ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel O'Connor ,&nbsp;Matías Chacón ,&nbsp;Jaume Capdevila","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and aggressive malignancies, often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor prognosis. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for advanced neuroendocrine carcinomas; however after achieving response no consensus exists on maintenance therapies and the results are inconsistent. This review examines the role of maintenance therapy following response to first-line chemotherapy in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas. We identified limited supporting evidence, primarily from phase II trials and case reports, that suggested maintenance therapy could be considered for prolonging progression-free survival, balancing toxicity, and maintaining quality of life. Nevertheless, prospective studies are needed to validate its clinical efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 102863"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status and future prospects of combined immunotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Xin Tian ,&nbsp;Hongyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiman Han ,&nbsp;Baoru Gu ,&nbsp;Zhenyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis, and the majority of patients with HNSCC are diagnosed at later stages owing to its hidden anatomical location and atypical clinical symptoms. It is notably prone to recurrence and metastasis. The traditional treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Although multiple treatment strategies have been established, the prognosis remains poor because most patients develop resistance to traditional treatments. In recent years, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to provide clinical benefits to these patients. Based on the promising results of both anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy, as well as the biological rationale for combining immunotherapy with anti-EGFR drugs, numerous preclinical and ongoing or completed clinical trials have explored the use of their synergistic effects. This review summarizes the feasibility of combining immunotherapy with EGFR inhibitors for HNSCC treatment and analyses the relevant biomarkers. It also summarizes the strategies for clinical applications. We found that immunotherapy and EGFR inhibitor combination therapy showed promise in treating patients with HNSCC and exhibited safety with acceptable adverse events. This review may provide valuable insights for the future development of treatments and formulation of therapeutic strategies for HNSCC, as well as useful information for the future design of clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 102864"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer","authors":"Chunfang Hao ,&nbsp;Yunchu Wei ,&nbsp;Wenjing Meng ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of various cancers. In hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer, aberrations in this pathway are increasingly recognized as key drivers of resistance to endocrine therapy and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, the first-line treatments for this disease subtype. Recognizing the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies, significant advancements have been made in developing PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for HR+ advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Among these inhibitors, capivasertib and alpelisib have received approval as targeted therapies for this indication. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for HR+ breast cancer. It also delves into different aspects, including sampling, testing method and timing, of PI3K/AKT/mTOR diagnostic testing. Additionally, the review discusses key considerations for integrating these inhibitors into clinical practice, such as timing and choice of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, and management of treatment toxicities. By examining these different aspects, this review aims to provide valuable insights into optimizing the clinical utility of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in HR+ advanced breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 102861"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of antibody-drug conjugates in pretreated HER2-low metastatic breast cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Francesco Schettini ,&nbsp;Sabrina Nucera ,&nbsp;Tomás Pascual ,&nbsp;Olga Martínez-Sáez ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Sánchez-Bayona ,&nbsp;Benedetta Conte ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Buono ,&nbsp;Matteo Lambertini ,&nbsp;Kevin Punie ,&nbsp;Juan Miguel Cejalvo ,&nbsp;Grazia Arpino ,&nbsp;Paolo Vigneri ,&nbsp;Daniele Generali ,&nbsp;Eva Ciruelos ,&nbsp;Javier Cortés ,&nbsp;Alessandra Gennari ,&nbsp;Montserrat Muñoz ,&nbsp;Maria J. Vidal Losada ,&nbsp;Sara M Tolaney ,&nbsp;Aleix Prat ,&nbsp;Guillermo Villacampa","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd) and sacituzumab-govitecan (SG) provided significant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) improvements over chemotherapy (CT) in pretreated hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and triple-negative (TN)/HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, no direct comparison between the two exists, nor with the more recent datopotamab-deruxtecan (Dato-DXd).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare efficacy and safety of T-DXd and SG in CT-pretreated HR+ and TN/HER2-low MBC and assess their benefit over standard CT, exploring also a comparison with Dato-DXd. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for PFS/OS. P-score was used for treatment ranking.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three RCTs (956 patients) were included in the primary analysis and 5 (1,445) in the exploratory NMA with Dato-DXd. In HR+/HER2-low, T-DXd showed no significant difference in PFS and OS when compared to SG. Similarly, in TN/HER2-low, PFS and OS did not differ significantly between the two ADCs. The P-score analysis favored T-DXd over SG in HR+/HER2-low in PFS (0.90 vs. 0.60) and OS (0.89 vs. 0.60). SG was favored over T-DXd in OS in TN/HER2-low (0.80 vs. 0.69). Similar results were obtained for HR+ MBC when including Dato-Dxd, which showed the worst performance, while T-DXd was the only ADC significantly outperforming CT in OS. The ADCs showed significantly better PFS and OS than CT in HR+/HER2-low and TN/HER2-low (all p &lt; 0.001). SG had higher rates of neutropenia, diarrhea and alopecia vs. T-DXd, which showed more thrombocytopenia, fatigue and nausea. Pneumonitis and cardiotoxicity were typically T-DXd-related, and T-DXd showed more toxicity-related discontinuations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Similar efficacy with T-DXd and SG in HER2-low MBC was observed, regardless of HR status. Safety profile, local drug-approval criteria and guidelines, patients’ preferences and overall quality of evidence should ultimately guide therapeutic decision-making. Dato-DXd role remains uncertain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 102865"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the PROMs used to assess ICI toxicities and HRQoL in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cancer care and their suitability: A systematic review","authors":"Sofia Georgopoulou ,&nbsp;Joanne Droney ,&nbsp;Poorni Priya Jaganathan ,&nbsp;Paul Howell ,&nbsp;Aislinn Macklin- Doherty ,&nbsp;Kate Young ,&nbsp;Susanne Cruickshank","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The implementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the clinical identification of immunotherapy toxicities is a complex intervention. There has been very little work evaluating the clinical utility and generalisability of PROMs used after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment to date. We reviewed evidence on the use of PROMs assessing toxicities and health-related quality of life in patients treated with ICIs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane Library were searched (January 2008 – October 2024). Quantitative studies reporting the use of PROMs to identify, assess and manage toxicities at any timepoint and HRQoL associated with ICI treatment in adult patients with cancer were included. A narrative synthesis describes the key characteristics of the PROMs identified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>43 studies were included; 12 on melanoma/skin, 12 on lung and 19 on other cancers. Study designs included 20 randomised controlled trials, 14 cohort studies, six cross-sectional studies and three non-randomised interventional trials. The lack of ICI-specific PROMs was highlighted, particularly as the PROMs used lacked sufficient sensitivity for ICI treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is need for an ICI-specific PROM for effective assessment of toxicities and a tailored PROM for assessment of HRQoL. Some suggested key domains by certain studies for ICI-specific PROMs include: (a) ICI-specific items (e.g. certain USD-I and PRO-CTCAE items) to capture symptoms associated with ICI treatments such as rash, myalgia, (b) role, psychological, emotional and social functioning domains within HRQoL assessments and (c) additional patient-reported toxicities not included in existing PROMs. Findings emphasize the importance of using a disease-specific PROM that is applicable, acceptable and sufficiently sensitive to identify toxicities and HRQoL issues across all stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 102862"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical clinical management of ocular adverse events related to Antibody-Drug Conjugates in gynaecological malignancies","authors":"Bochra Bouguerra Zina ,&nbsp;Frédérique Rousseau ,&nbsp;Stephan Fauquier ,&nbsp;Renaud Sabatier ,&nbsp;Maria Kfoury","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The advent of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) represents a significant advancement in targeted therapy for gynaecological malignancies. However, the ocular toxicities associated with ADCs, particularly Tisotumab Vedotin (TV) and Mirvetuximab Soravtansine (MIRV) necessitate effective mitigation in order to optimise patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review synthesises findings from clinical trials to delineate the spectrum of ocular adverse events induced by ADCs. The analysis focuses on the incidence, onset, severity and reversibility of adverse events. It examines the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and provides management strategies based on study protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adverse events mainly impact the anterior ocular segment, resulting in conjunctivitis and keratopathy. They affect up to 56 % of patients treated with MIRV and 50 to 60 % of those receiving TV. Symptoms like blurred vision, dryness and pain hinder the patient’s quality of life. Events are CTCAE grade 3 or higher in less than 10 % of cases. The median time to onset is 1.3 months. However, ocular toxicity may appear up to 10 months after treatment initiation, indicating a need for prolonged vigilance. Primary prophylaxis calls for local corticotherapy, lubricants and in some cases, vasoconstrictors. Despite the potential for severity, most cases are reversible with local treatment and transient dose reduction and/or delay. Close monitoring is crucial for early detection and subsequent management.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Clinicians ought to be cognizant of the potential ocular toxicity of ADCs. Proactive prophylaxis, patient education and a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists are paramount to minimising the impact of these AEs. Further research is essential to measure the real outcome of preventive strategies and balance their benefits with potential short and long-term risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 102867"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert consensus on the prevention of brain metastases in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer","authors":"Volkmar Müller ,&nbsp;Thomas Bachelot ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Curigliano ,&nbsp;Evandro de Azambuja ,&nbsp;Julia Furtner ,&nbsp;Jens Gempt ,&nbsp;Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa ,&nbsp;Katarzyna J. Jerzak ,&nbsp;Emilie Le Rhun ,&nbsp;Carlo Palmieri ,&nbsp;Gabriella Pravettoni ,&nbsp;Cristina Saura ,&nbsp;Rupert Bartsch","doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer have a significant risk of developing brain metastases (BrM), which have detrimental effects on survival outcomes and quality of life. Although there are several systemic treatment options available that may delay the appearance of BrM and secondary progression of previously treated BrM, there are still substantial unmet needs for this patient population and primary prevention remains elusive.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A group of experts created consensus statements, through a modified Delphi process, to bridge the gap between current unmet needs, available evidence, and international guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The steering committee reviewed all relevant literature and formed research questions to be answered by the subsequent consensus statements. In total, 61 contributors provided feedback on the consensus statements, with 34 statements reaching agreement out of the 55 statements that were voted on altogether. Statements with consensus aimed to define BrM primary and secondary prevention, screening procedures, assessment of symptoms, treatment efficacy, and preventing the occurrence and progression of BrM, while acknowledging the possibilities and limitations in daily clinical practice. Some statements did not reach agreement for a variety of reasons, mostly due to lack of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The consensus statements outlined in this publication provide a point of reference for daily clinical practice and can act as recommendations for clinical trial procedures and future guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9537,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment reviews","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 102860"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}