Canadian Journal of Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Competitive ability of western Canadian spring wheat cultivars in a model weed system","authors":"G. Gerard, P. Hucl, F. Holm, K. Kirkland, E. Johnson, C. Pozniak","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2021-0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2021-0257","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Economic and social pressures are spurring the study of alternate weed management strategies such as the development of competitive crop cultivars, capable of being used under an integrated management plan. The primary objective of this research was to determine whether western Canadian spring wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars differ in their ability to compete against model weeds and whether those differences were expressed when challenged with wild weeds. A total of 71 wheat cultivars were grown in the absence or presence of simulated [cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) and oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.)] or natural [wild oat (Avena fatua L.)] weed competition conditions. Significant (p = 0.01) weed by cultivar interactions involving changes in yield cultivar rank were detected, indicating that the cultivars responded differently to competition. A small minority of cultivars such as Glenlea, CDC Rama, Genesis, AC Taber, AC Vista, Plenty, Napoleon, and BW652 had high-yield potential coupled with yield maintenance under weed pressure. The competitive ability advantage appeared to be associated with plant height or tillers per square meter as well as shorter vernalization requirement combined with photoperiod sensitivity. These outlier cultivar differences could be exploited in breeding new widely adapted varieties for scenarios where reduced herbicide weed control is desired, including situations where herbicide resistance limits chemical options. Cultivars with differing competitive ability under model weed conditions maintained their ranking when challenged by natural weed infestations. This suggests that selecting competitive spring wheat cultivars using a repeatable protocol based on model weeds is realistic.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1101 - 1114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43854315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shrub willow chips incorporated after potato harvest enhance soil properties in Prince Edward Island, Canada","authors":"J. Nyiraneza, Yefang Jiang, T. Fraser","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0154","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Willow (Salix viminalis spp.) shrubs are being planted along riverbanks, on erodible and marginal farmland. Wood chips made from the woody biomass could improve the properties of light-textured soils with low organic matter content in potato-based systems. Willow chips were applied at 0, 20, 40, and 60mgha?1 (fresh weight) as a soil amendment. Soil health parameters were evaluated after 12months, followed by C and N contents in whole soil, particulate, and mineral-associated organic matter fractions after 18months. Willow chip application increased soil aggregation, respiration, C and N contents in whole soil, and plant-available K. On plante l’osier blanc (Salix viminalis spp.) le long des berges ainsi que sur les terres agricoles sujettes à l’érosion ou peu rentables. Des copeaux de bois tirés de la biomasse ligneuse pourraient améliorer les propriétés des sols à texture légère pauvres en matière organique, comme ceux servant à la culture de la pomme de terre. Les auteurs ont appliqué un amendement correspondant à 0, 20, 40 ou 60 Mg (poids frais) de copeaux d’osier par hectare. Douze mois plus tard, ils ont évalué la vitalité du sol puis, au bout de dix-huit mois, la teneur en C et en N du sol complet ainsi que les fractions de matière organique associées aux particules et aux minéraux. Les copeaux d’osier améliorent l’agrégation et la respiration du sol, la concentration de C et de N dans le sol complet, de même que le K assimilable par les plantes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"123 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46433269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forefront Canada Prairie spring red wheat","authors":"M. Iqbal, D. Spaner, K. Strenzke, I. Ciechanowska, B. Beres","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0095","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forefront is an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar with high yield potential, shorter stature with good lodging tolerance, and excellent rust resistance. During the three years of testing in the High Yield Wheat Cooperative test (2017–19), Forefront yielded similar to and matured one day later than the highest yielding check cultivar AAC Foray. Forefront had 10cm shorter plants than AAC Foray, with a similar lodging score. Forefront had slightly higher test weight, lower grain weight, and higher grain protein content than AAC Foray. Forefront was rated “resistant” to the prevalent races of leaf, stem, and stripe rusts, whereas “moderately susceptible” to common bunt and Fusarium head blight (FHB) during the three years of testing. The end-use quality characteristics of Forefront were within the range of the checks of the Canada Prairie Spring Red market class.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1217 - 1224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43525507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroponic production of fireweed for biomass and phytochemicals","authors":"Katrina Freund Saxhaug, J. Jungers, D. Wyse, C. Sheaffer, A. Hegeman","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub.) is utilized worldwide in traditional medicine, due to its high levels of phenolic compounds that possess bioactive properties with a wide range of therapeutic effects on human health. However, there is little work on the direct production of fireweed for these beneficial phytochemicals. To examine the effects of nutrient availability on fireweed biomass production and metabolomic profile, fireweed plants were grown in a hydroponic greenhouse system with varying concentrations of Hoagland’s nutrient solution. As the concentration of the nutrient solution increased, shoot dry mass increased, and root:shoot ratio decreased. Variation in untargeted metabolomic profiles were detected in leaf, stem, and root tissues of hydroponically produced fireweed in response to nutrient level. Several metabolic features were identified, most notably the therapeutic compounds oenothein B and miquelianin. Relative abundances of oenothein B and miquelianin were largely unaffected by nutrient treatments, while several other phytochemicals increased in abundance as nutrient content decreased. This work demonstrates the potentiality of hydroponically cultivated fireweed to supply raw material for phytochemical demand, but the effects of mineral nutrient amendment must first be reconciled with biomass production.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1164 - 1176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum seeding rates for hulless barley production in eastern Canada","authors":"R. Khanal, A. Mills, T. Choo, S. Fillmore, D. Pageau, N. Mountain","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hulless barley is a relatively new crop in eastern Canada. Best cultural practices must be developed for hulless barley to achieve its maximum yield potential. A study was carried out to identify the optimum seeding rates for hulless barley in eastern Canada. Six barley lines consisting of two-row and six-row covered and hulless varieties (AAC Azimuth, AAC Starbuck, CDC Ascent, AAC Bloomfield, AAC Ling, and CH2720-1) were seeded in six different seeding rates (250, 350, 450, 550, 650, and 750seedsm−2) in a factorial experiment with four replications at seven sites across eastern Canada. The results showed that the optimum seeding rate for covered barley was 250–350 seeds m−2, but those for hulless barley higher yield potentials were achieved at seeding rate from 450 to 550 seeds m−2. Two-row varieties were higher yielding and had higher protein concentration than six-row varieties. The results of this study show that there is potential for further development of high-yielding two-row cultivars for eastern Canada.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1177 - 1184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43298366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibility of new sainfoin populations as forage mixtures with alfalfa and orchardgrass in Alberta","authors":"Hari P. Poudel, S. Acharya","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0148","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sainfoin is a highly nutritious non-bloating leguminous forage crop of temperate regions. Despite non-bloating properties, its use in pastures was limited due to low dry matter yield (DMY), lack of persistence in the mixed pasture, and slow regrowth. The paradigm then shifted when new sainfoin cultivars planted in mixtures with alfalfa reduced 98% bloat incidence in ruminants. Two experiments were conducted to determine the compatibility of sainfoin with grass and alfalfa. Experiment (Exp.) I was established by drilling alfalfa cv. Longview and orchardgrass cv. Kayak with new sainfoin populations in alternate or cross-seeding rows under irrigated and unirrigated conditions in Lethbridge, AB. Exp. II was established by drilling sainfoin populations in mixture with alfalfa cultivars in alternate rows under irrigation. DMY and botanical composition (dry matter basis) were observed for both experiments. In Exp. I, monoculture orchardgrass produced the least DMY compared with the mixtures under both growing conditions and over all growing seasons. Alfalfa–sainfoin mixture yielded higher under irrigatated and less under unirrigated conditions relative to alfalfa monoculture. The percentage DMY contribution of sainfoin in alfalfa–sainfoin mixtures decreased but increased in sainfoin–orchardgrass mixtures over successive harvests under both environments. In Exp. II, we observed that new sainfoin populations mixed with alfalfa cvs. Beaver and Longview yielded greater (P < 0.05) than their corresponding monocultures and this increase was not associated with the proportion of the species in the mixture suggesting new sainfoin populations are as productive as alfalfa.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1185 - 1195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45847256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic and genetic factors associated with the susceptibility of grapevine cultivars to Plasmopara viticola clade aestivalis and clade riparia","authors":"R. A. Mouafo-Tchinda, M. Fall, C. Beaulieu, O. Carisse","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The susceptibility of commonly grown grapevine cultivars in the province of Quebec to Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni clades riparia and aestivalis was compared. The relationship between anatomic (density and size of stomata and type of leaf hairs) and genetic composition (percentages of Vitis vinifera L., Vitis riparia Michx. and Vitis aestivalis Michx.) factors of the grapevine cultivars and their susceptibility to the two clades was investigated. The grapevine cultivars were classified according to their susceptibility to each clade. The aggressiveness of the clade riparia was positively correlated with stomata size and negatively correlated with type of leaf hairs. However, the aggressiveness of clade aestivalis was positively correlated with stomata size and density, estimated percentage of V. vinifera ancestry, and the published downy mildew susceptibility of grapevine cultivars; and negatively correlated with estimated percentage of V. riparia ancestry. Furthermore, the grapevine cultivar classification showed that, for P. viticola clade riparia, 44.4%, 44.4%, and 11.1% of the grapevine cultivars were classified as minimally susceptible, moderately susceptible, and highly susceptible, respectively. Alternatively, for P. viticola clade aestivalis, 11.1%, 22.2%, and 66.7% of the grapevine cultivars were classified as minimally susceptible, moderately susceptible, and highly susceptible, respectively. Although some grapevine cultivars fell in the same susceptibility groups for both clades, 78% of grapevine cultivars were classified in different susceptibility groups. The findings of this study provide new information on grapevine and P. viticola interactions, and highlight the importance of knowing which clade of P. viticola is present so that downy mildew control measures can be adapted accordingly. Résumé La sensibilité des cépages de vigne couramment cultivés au Québec à Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & De Toni clades riparia et aestivalis a été déterminée sur disques de feuilles et sur feuilles entières sur plants. Par la suite, la relation entre les caractéristiques anatomiques (taille et densité des stomates, et poils foliaires) et génétiques (pourcentages de l'héritage génétique de Vitis vinifera L., Vitis riparia Michx. et Vitis aestivalis Michx.) des cépages et leur sensibilité aux deux clades a été étudiées, et les cépages classés en fonction de leur sensibilité à chacun des clades. L'agressivité du clade riparia était positivement corrélée à la taille des stomates et négativement corrélée aux poils foliaires. Tandis que l'agressivité du clade aestivalis était positivement corrélée à la taille et la densité des stomates, au pourcentage estimé de l'ascendance de V. vinifera, et aux données publiées de sensibilité des cépages, et était négativement corrélée au pourcentage estimé de l'ascendance de V. riparia. Par ailleurs, les résultats issus de la classification des cépages ont mont","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1016 - 1031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47840182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing grain yield while maintaining baking quality in Canada Western Red Spring wheat","authors":"P. Hucl, Connie Briggs, S. Shirtliffe, B. Beres, D. Spaner, Adam Dyck, G. Gerard","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2021-0256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2021-0256","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Grain protein concentration (GPC) is considered one of the most important quality factors, and it has remained a major culling criterion in the Canadian wheat cultivar development and registration process. However, grain protein composition also plays a critical role in determining the end-use quality of cereal-based products. The objective of this study was to determine whether high-yielding, lower protein Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) analog wheat lines can exhibit acceptable baking properties (comparable with CWRS cultivars) under contrasting soil nitrogen levels. Five CWRS-analog lines together with four CWRS and one Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat cultivar, representing wide ranges of quality and grain yield potential, were assessed for agronomic and quality traits in multi-environment trials at three locations and five nitrogen fertilizer rates. CWRS analog lines produced significantly higher grain yield and, on average, 0.9% less GPC than the CWRS cultivars. Despite the lower GPC, CWRS-analog lines such as W07786 exhibited suitable and stable baking performance across all nitrogen levels. Based on the genotype × trait biplot analysis, CWRS-analog baking properties were mainly associated with sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation and flour water absorption. Our findings revealed that it is possible to develop wheat cultivars with up to 15% higher grain yield than modern CWRS cultivars and comparable end-use characteristics by reducing current GPC requirements (by up to 1%) while simultaneously selecting for improved baking attributes. This would facilitate an increase in CWRS grain yield genetic gains while maintaining favorable end-use quality and improving the crop competitiveness in western Canada. Résumé On estime que la teneur en protéines du grain (TPG) est l’un des paramètres les plus importants de la qualité et elle demeure un des principaux critères d’élimination dans le processus canadien de développement et d’homologation de cultivars pour le blé. Cependant, la composition des protéines dans le grain joue elle aussi un rôle primordial dans la détermination de la qualité des produits céréaliers en fonction de leur usage final. Les auteurs voulaient établir si les lignées analogues au blé roux de printemps de l’Ouest canadien (CWRS) à haut rendement mais à plus faible teneur en protéines présentent des propriétés boulangères acceptables (c.-à-d. comparables à celles du blé CWRS) en présence d’une concentration d’azote contrastante dans le sol. À cette fin, ils ont évalué les caractères agronomiques et qualitatifs de cinq lignées analogues au CWRS, de quatre variétés du CWRS et d’un cultivar de blé roux de printemps Canada Prairie correspondant à un large éventail sur les plans de la qualité et du rendement grainier. Les évaluations se sont déroulées dans des conditions environnementales variées, à trois endroits, et à cinq taux de fertilisation avec des engrais azotés. Les lignées analogues au CWRS ont donné un rendement","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"973 - 983"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43408039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AAC Sorel barley","authors":"R. Khanal, T. Copley, Sharon ter Beek, T. M. Choo","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract “AAC Sorel” is a spring, two-row, general-purpose barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. AAC Sorel is similar in yield to the check cultivars with very good lodging resistance and moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). AAC Sorel is recommended for barley growing areas in eastern Canada.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"1213 - 1216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AAC Cranbrook spring barley","authors":"R. Khanal, Stephen Thomas, Hannah Morrison, S. T. Beek, J. Tucker, A. Badea, T. Choo","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2022-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2022-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract AAC Cranbrook (registration #9545) is a six-row spring general purpose barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar derived from the cross Synasolis/OAC Chesley//Cyane using a modified bulk breeding method. AAC Cranbrook has 9% higher grain yield than Cyane and 4% higher grain yield than HY621-6R, and it has good lodging resistance. AAC Cranbrook performs well in Ontario.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"1209 - 1212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42514378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}