Canadian Journal of Plant Science最新文献

Yield of yellow cooking onions is not affected by added phosphorous fertilizer in muck soils with high soil test phosphorus in Ontario 在安大略省土壤测试磷含量较高的淤泥土壤中，添加磷肥不会影响黄烹饪洋葱的产量

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0045

Mary Ruth McDonald, D. Speranzini, Christoph Kessel, Ivan P. O'Halloran, Y. Audette, Deanna D Németh

{"title":"Yield of yellow cooking onions is not affected by added phosphorous fertilizer in muck soils with high soil test phosphorus in Ontario","authors":"Mary Ruth McDonald, D. Speranzini, Christoph Kessel, Ivan P. O'Halloran, Y. Audette, Deanna D Németh","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Excess phosphorus (P) loading has been identified as an important cause of poor water quality in Lake Simcoe. A small (~ 4%) but important source of P is the marshland that was developed for agriculture in and near the Holland Marsh. Applying the optimum rate of P fertilizer is an economical and environmentally friendly approach to crop management. In Ontario, P fertilizer recommendations are made based on the Olsen P soil test that is accredited by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). The current study was a response to concern about high application rates of P fertilizer and grower and industry suggestions that the recommended rates for P were too low. The marketable yield of yellow cooking onions was assessed in relation to different rates of P fertilizer in high organic matter (muck) soils. Organic matter ranged from 38- 86%. Small (6 site-years) and large-scale (21 site-years) field trials were conducted in the Holland Marsh area from 2009 to 2011 on muck soils that varied in pre-plant P (17 - 312 mg L-1). The study demonstrated that there was more plant-available P in the soil than was required for optimum yield in most fields, thus P fertilizer applications had no effect on marketable yield of the onions. These results supported the OMAFRA P recommendations for onion production on muck soils, especially for soil test P levels over 61 mg L-1 where a response to applied P is rated as ‘low, rare or no response’.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the economic performance of organic and conventional corn-soybean-winter wheat rotations in southwestern Ontario, Canada 加拿大安大略省西南部有机玉米-大豆-冬小麦轮作与常规玉米-大豆-冬小麦轮作的经济效益比较

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0007

Xueming Yang, Craig F. Drury, W. D. Reynolds, Mary-Anne Reeb

{"title":"Comparison of the economic performance of organic and conventional corn-soybean-winter wheat rotations in southwestern Ontario, Canada","authors":"Xueming Yang, Craig F. Drury, W. D. Reynolds, Mary-Anne Reeb","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The economic viability of using summer-seeded legume cover crops (crimson clover, red clover, hairy vetch) as a primary nitrogen (N) source for an organic corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation was determined on a sandy loam soil in southwestern Ontario, Canada, by comparing gross profit for organic production (organic sources of N and phosphorus, no herbicides) to conventional production (no cover crops, synthetic fertilizers and herbicides added). Profits were determined for the initial three-year transition period from conventional to organic production (2015-2017), and for five years of certified organic production (2018-2022). During the transition period when conventional crop prices applied to both production systems, organic production profits (CAD $1148-1869 ha-1 per rotation) were lower than conventional profits (CAD $2126 ha-1 per rotation). During the certified organic period when price premiums were applied, organic soybean and corn profits (CAD $1995-2274 ha-1 and $2819-3195 ha-1 per year, respectively) were significantly greater than conventional soybean and corn profits (CAD $536 ha-1 and $1926 per ha-1, respectively). Winter wheat profits were slightly higher for organic production (CAD $426 to $825 ha-1 per year) than for conventional production (CAD $371 ha-1 per year). During the certified organic production period, profits from the three year rotations were CAD $5533-6153 ha-1 for organic production, and CAD $2860 ha-1 for conventional production. It was concluded that an organic rotation of corn-soybean-winter wheat/legume cover crop can be economically viable and more profitable than conventional production on sandy loam soil in southwestern Ontario.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of reduced pesticide use on winter wheat production in the Canadian Prairies 减少杀虫剂使用对加拿大草原冬小麦生产的影响

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0043

Zhijie Wang, Maya Subedi, R. Mohr, C. Geddes, R. Aboukhaddour, C. Willenborg, B. Tidemann, T. Turkington, Hiroshi Kubota, B. Beres

{"title":"Effects of reduced pesticide use on winter wheat production in the Canadian Prairies","authors":"Zhijie Wang, Maya Subedi, R. Mohr, C. Geddes, R. Aboukhaddour, C. Willenborg, B. Tidemann, T. Turkington, Hiroshi Kubota, B. Beres","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a highly competitive crop with the potential to enhance on-farm revenue and reduce reliance on crop protection inputs. The adoption of winter wheat in the Canadian Prairies has varied significantly over recent decades; however, improved weed and disease management practices could facilitate stability of hectares cultivated. To assess current and alternative pesticide management practices, we conducted a study across 15 site-years at four locations over four years (2018-2022). Experimental treatments included pre-plant weed management (glyphosate vs. glyphosate mixed with pyroxasulfone+carfentrazone-ethyl), in-crop weed management (no in-crop herbicide vs. fall-applied 2,4-D vs. fall-applied 2,4-D+spring-applied site-year-specific herbicides) and in-crop fungicide management (no in-crop fungicide vs. one prothioconazole+tebuconazole application at ZGS60 vs. two prothioconazole+tebuconazole applications at ZGS32 and ZGS60). Pre-plant glyphosate alone and glyphosate tank-mixed with pyroxasulfone+carfentrazone-ethyl exhibited comparable effects on grain yield, quality parameters, and agronomic characteristics. In-crop weed management had no significant influence on these factors compared to the no in-crop herbicide control, suggesting that in-crop herbicide applications are unnecessary due to the high competitiveness of winter wheat against weeds. However, disease mitigation was prudent as single and double application of fungicide increased grain yield while maintaining grain protein concentration levels. A high-yielding, stable system for optimal grain yield typically required pre-plant weed management coupled with two fungicide applications. These observations confirm herbicide inputs can be reduced in a winter wheat cropping system but disease pressure requires careful cultivar selection with an emphasis on disease resistance as multiple applications of fungicides were needed to optimize grain yield.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of herbicide-resistant canola systems on the weed community dynamics in the Canadian Prairies 抗除草剂油菜系统对加拿大草原杂草群落动态的影响

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0158

Theodore Chastko, D. Benaragama, J. Leeson, C. Willenborg

{"title":"The impact of herbicide-resistant canola systems on the weed community dynamics in the Canadian Prairies","authors":"Theodore Chastko, D. Benaragama, J. Leeson, C. Willenborg","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0158","url":null,"abstract":"Increased adoption of no-till and extensive cultivation of herbicide-resistant (HR) crops in low diversity rotations are some of the transformations that occurred during the 1970s-2000s in western Canada. How these transformations in canola-based crop rotations impacted weed communities are not comprehensively studied. Historical data analysis of weed survey data ( Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Alberta) in canola crops and a canola rotation field experiment were used to understand how tillage, herbicide-resistant cropping systems, and frequency of canola in the rotation can impact weed abundance, composition, and diversity in the Canadian prairies. Weed survey data revealed that the frequency of many weed species declined in years after 1995 compared with before 1995, the year HR cultivars were introduced. Gallium spurium (false cleavers) and volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the only species showing a continuous increase in frequency throughout the surveyed years. Species richness showed no trajectories but varied depending on climatic conditions. Glyphosate-resistant (G.R.) systems were associated with green foxtail irrespective of their frequency in the rotation. Wild oat was predominant in the longer rotations with glufosinate and imidazolinone-resistant canola. In the field study, weeds associated with pre-herbicide weed control timing were relatively controlled when herbicides were applied (glyphosate and glufosinate), except for foxtail barley (Hordium Jubatum L), which was not controlled in most HR systems. Overall, both weed survey data and field experiment data revealed greater control of most weed species due to growing of HR canola cultivars.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution, frequency and impact of herbicide-resistant weeds in Saskatchewan 萨斯喀彻温省抗除草剂杂草的分布、频率和影响

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0017

C. Geddes, M. Pittman, S. Sharpe, J. Leeson

{"title":"Distribution, frequency and impact of herbicide-resistant weeds in Saskatchewan","authors":"C. Geddes, M. Pittman, S. Sharpe, J. Leeson","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicide-resistant weeds threaten contemporary agriculture by reducing crop yields and quality. Monitoring of herbicide-resistant weeds is essential to the development of informed integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. In 2019 and 2020, a randomized-stratified preharvest survey of 419 fields in Saskatchewan, Canada, was conducted to determine the distribution, frequency of occurrence, and impact of herbicide-resistant weeds. Mature seeds were collected from uncontrolled weeds in each field. The samples were tested for resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and/or acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides using whole-plant bioassays under a controlled-environment. In 2019/2020, herbicide-resistant weeds occupied 72% of the surveyed fields, corresponding to an estimated 6.2 million ha of annual cropland and a total field area of 11.4 million ha. Herbicide-resistant weeds cost Saskatchewan farmers an estimated $343 million CAD annually in reduced crop yields and quality, and increased weed control expenditures. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) had the greatest impact among grass weeds, with ACCase inhibitor resistance documented in 77% and ALS inhibitor resistance in 30% of fields where the weed seeds were collected and tested (47% and 18% of all fields surveyed, respectively). Multiple herbicide (ACCase and ALS inhibitor)-resistant wild oat were documented in 26% of the tested fields. Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] had the greatest impact among broadleaf weeds, where 100% of the samples tested were ALS inhibitor-resistant (39% of all fields surveyed). The growing prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds in Saskatchewan warrants further adoption of IWM where non-chemical tactics play an important role in stewardship of the remaining effective herbicides.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141008201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

C17-833 camelina C17-833 荠菜

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0035

C. Eynck, A. Zatylny, H. Klein-Gebbinck, Kevin C. Falk

引用次数: 0

Low temperature and excess moisture affect seed germination of soybean (Glycine max L.) under controlled environments 低温和过量水分对受控环境下大豆（Glycine max L.）种子萌发的影响

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0162

Rongzhen Suo, K. Sandhu, Frank You, Robert Conner, E. Cober, Mingjiu Wang, Anfu Hou

{"title":"Low temperature and excess moisture affect seed germination of soybean (Glycine max L.) under controlled environments","authors":"Rongzhen Suo, K. Sandhu, Frank You, Robert Conner, E. Cober, Mingjiu Wang, Anfu Hou","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0162","url":null,"abstract":"Cold and excess moisture pose a serious threat to soybean production especially during seed germination in short-season environments. In this study, the effects of low temperature and excess moisture stress on seed germination were investigated in 187 soybean accessions originating from 18 countries. The experiment used a combination of three temperature conditions (i.e., 20°C/14°C d/night, 14°C/10°C, 10°C/10°C) and two moisture levels (i.e., normal and excess). The seed germinability traits measured included germination rate, germination index, germination time, germination uniformity, and coefficient of velocity of germination. Overall, germination rate was lowest in the ‘20°C/14°C + excess moisture’ and germination time was longest in the ‘10°C/10°C + excess moisture’. When compared with ‘20°C/14°C + normal moisture’ treatment, germination rate at ‘10°C/10°C + excess moisture’ decreased by 38%; germination time increased by 20 days; seed viability decreased by 83%; germination uniformity decreased by 70%; and germination speed decreased by 73%. Differences in germination rate, germination index and germination velocity under different treatments were affected by temperature, moisture and their interaction. Variation in germination time uniformity was determined by temperature, with no significant effects of moisture conditions and the interaction of temperature and moisture. It was shown that the temperature-excess moisture interaction led to a sharp decrease in seed germination. Two genotypes including PI 603147 and PI 507702 were identified with a GR over 90% at ‘10°C/10°C + excess moisture’. This study generated new knowledge and data to further the understanding of genetic resistance to cold and excess moisture stress in soybeans","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and Waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer] Biovigilance in Canadian Agro-ecosystems. 加拿大农业生态系统中的帕尔默苋（Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.）和水麻[Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer]生物警戒。

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0193

S. Sharpe, S. L. Martin, Eric Page, C. Geddes

{"title":"Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and Waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer] Biovigilance in Canadian Agro-ecosystems.","authors":"S. Sharpe, S. L. Martin, Eric Page, C. Geddes","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0193","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution and spread of herbicide-resistant weeds threatens long-term sustainability of Canadian agro-ecosystems. Herbicide-resistant weeds increase management inputs and costs, increases off-target and environmental exposure to pesticides, reduces yield quality and quantity, and impedes harvest efficiency. Amaranthus species including Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer] are particularly concerning due to both their propensity towards herbicide resistance evolution, their history of invasion, and their spread in agro-ecosystems. A biovigilance approach is taken to build awareness of these pigweeds initial invasion and spread in the USA. Characteristics of their identification, potential hybridization, and known herbicide resistance evolution are reviewed. Fourteen species of Amaranthus are found in Canada, nine of which (including waterhemp) possess herbicide-resistant biotypes. A total of forty-five hybrids between various Canadian Amaranthus species with each other or Palmer amaranth have been noted. Hybrids have been experimentally produced or observed from herbarium specimens, with three cases of herbicide resistance transfer notably with Palmer amaranth or waterhemp. Mitigation strategies will depend on successful species identification and herbicide resistance status determination. Common pathways for Palmer amaranth introductions in the northern USA include both animal feed systems with grain screenings and crop production systems including seed and equipment contamination. Regional awareness campaigns will be critical to support Canadian farmers in identifying and quickly mitigating invasions of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp to prevent establishment and spread of infestations into new areas.","PeriodicalId":9530,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140212917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing the evaluation of root system architectural traits in Brassica napus 优化甘蓝型油菜根系结构特征的评估

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0169

Chunxiao Yang, R. Fredua-Agyeman, S. Hwang, Linda Y. Gorim, S. Strelkov

引用次数: 0

Identification of Canadian Barley Varieties by High-throughput SNP Genotyping 通过高通量 SNP 基因分型鉴定加拿大大麦品种

IF 1.2 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0187

Sung-Jong Lee, Maria Eckhardt, Mathieu Dusabenyagasani, Marta Izydorczyk, T. Demeke, Daniel Perry, S. Walkowiak

引用次数: 0