Canadian Journal of Animal Science最新文献_第6页

Supplementation of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on the performance, haemato-biochemical profile and intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. 添加微胶囊化丁酸钠对艾美耳球虫攻毒肉鸡生产性能、血液生化特征和肠道菌群组成的影响

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0002

Bárbara Fernanda da Silva Barbosa, Gabrieli Andressa de Lima, Gabriela Ventura, Bruna Abrahão Trevizan, Elis Omar Figueroa Castillo, Jéssica Tuane Bortoloto, Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo, Jaqueline Dalbello Biller, Alda Maria Backx Noronha Madeira, Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo

{"title":"Supplementation of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on the performance, haemato-biochemical profile and intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens challenged with <i>Eimeria</i> spp<i>.</i>","authors":"Bárbara Fernanda da Silva Barbosa, Gabrieli Andressa de Lima, Gabriela Ventura, Bruna Abrahão Trevizan, Elis Omar Figueroa Castillo, Jéssica Tuane Bortoloto, Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo, Jaqueline Dalbello Biller, Alda Maria Backx Noronha Madeira, Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) in substitution to antibiotics on performance, haematology, intestinal lesion scores, and oocyst count in the excreta of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 1050 male Ross chicks were used, distributed in completely randomized design, with six treatments: unchallenged control diet (UC); challenged control diet (CCD); challenged and supplemented (CS) with 1000 mg/kg of MSB; CS with 1500 mg/kg of MSB; CS with 2000 mg/kg of MSB; and CS with avilamycin, with five repetitions. At 16 days of age (d.o.), the birds were inoculated orally with Eimeria spp. oocysts. Higher average weightgain (AWG) and average feed intake (AFI) were observed in the UC, and at the 42 d.o., better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and productive efficiency factor (PEF). The group that received the additives showed higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, as well as that of the unchallenged birds; however, the CCD had higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. It is concluded that MSB can be used as an alternative to antibiotics, assisting in the recovery of performance and gut microbiota biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations of cow-level factors with the risk of poor hygiene in cows housed in free-stall and tie-stall barns 奶牛水平因素与自由栏和捆绑栏饲养的奶牛卫生不良风险的关联

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0084

I. Robles, D. F. Kelton, Trevor J. DeVries

引用次数: 0

Silybum marianum seed extract as a potential phytogenic feed additive for improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs 水飞蓟籽提取物作为一种潜在的植物性饲料添加剂，可提高生长猪的生长性能和营养物质消化率

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0053

Md Mortuza Hossain, Sung Bo Cho, In Ho Kim

{"title":"Silybum marianum seed extract as a potential phytogenic feed additive for improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs","authors":"Md Mortuza Hossain, Sung Bo Cho, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0053","url":null,"abstract":"Silymarin is the flavonoid extracted from Silybum marianum seed. It has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, and it supports liver health. The growth performance parameters, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile in growing pigs fed the dietary Silybum marianum seed extract were analyzed in this study. A total of 196 crossbred growing pigs ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc) were allocated into three dietary groups: CON: basal diet; TRT1: basal diet with 0.05% Silybum marianum seed extract; and TRT2: basal diet with 0.10% Silybum marianum seed extract. Results showed that pigs fed with Silybum marianum seed extract up to 0.10% increased average daily gain ( p < 0.10) and feed intake ( p < 0.05). The digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy were increased linearly ( p < 0.05) with addition of Silybum marianum seed extract up to 0.10%. However, serum bile acids, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspertate aminotransferase (AST) were not changed ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, the significant improvements in average daily gain, feed intake, and nutrient digestibility indicate that Silybum marianum seed extract can positively influence the growth of growing pigs. Finally, natural feed additives like Silybum marianum seed extract may be used as an efficacious growth promoter and ultimately contributing to sustainable pig farming.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fish oil divergently enriches broiler meat with long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFAs) by modulating the ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFAs without disrupting gut morphology and cardio-pulmonary morphometry 鱼油通过调节ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸的比例，在不影响肠道形态和心肺形态的情况下，发散性地丰富肉仔鸡长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(LCω-3PUFAs)

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0143

Md Emran Hossain, Goutam Buddha Das, Priunka Bhowmik, Kona Adhikary, Nahid Sultan, Shilpi Islam, Nasima Akter

{"title":"Fish oil divergently enriches broiler meat with long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFAs) by modulating the ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFAs without disrupting gut morphology and cardio-pulmonary morphometry","authors":"Md Emran Hossain, Goutam Buddha Das, Priunka Bhowmik, Kona Adhikary, Nahid Sultan, Shilpi Islam, Nasima Akter","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0143","url":null,"abstract":"A trial was conducted for 35 days to investigate if replacement of soybean oil (SO) for fish oil (FO) influenced average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), final live weight (FLW), feed efficiency (FE), haemato-biochemical indices, carcass traits, cardio-pulmonary morphometry, gut morphology, nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid profile of the broiler chicken. A total of 350, day-old Ross-308 male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design into five dietary treatment groups designated as FO 0% (diet without FO, i.e., 100% SO), FO 25% (diet containing 25% FO + 75% SO), FO 50% (diet containing 50% FO + 50% SO), FO 75% (diet containing 75% FO + 25% SO), and FO 100% (diet containing 100% FO). Each treatment was replicated seven times containing 10 birds per replicate. Results indicated that complete replacement of SO for FO increased 4.7% FLW, 12.4% ADFI, 3.9% ADG, 16.2% HDL, and 8.6% CP. Although, FO contained 471.1% more ∑LCω-3PUFAs than SO, the FO-supplemented breast meat was enriched with net increment of 45.0% ∑LCω-3PUFAs and 81.0% ∑ω-3: ∑ω-6 at the expense of 7.1% FE and 26.8% MDA. Complete replacement of SO for FO did not compromise net profit. Hence, replacement of SO for FO may be commercially plausible.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantification of biogenic amines and adaptation of an index as a quality indicator of rendered pig meals 生猪饲料中生物胺的定量测定及其质量指标的适用性

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0029

Cristiéle Lange Contreira, Larissa Rossett Corezzolla, Gizelle Cristina Bedendo, Everton Luis Krabbe, Edenilse Gopinger, Valdir Silveira de Avila, Fernando Rutz

{"title":"Quantification of biogenic amines and adaptation of an index as a quality indicator of rendered pig meals","authors":"Cristiéle Lange Contreira, Larissa Rossett Corezzolla, Gizelle Cristina Bedendo, Everton Luis Krabbe, Edenilse Gopinger, Valdir Silveira de Avila, Fernando Rutz","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to quantify biogenic amines and to adapt equations for the calculation of the biogenic amine index (BAI) in rendered pig carcass meals (RPCM). Samples of RPCM from three different origins were evaluated: Group 1—experimentally produced meal; Group 2—meal produced in a plant dedicated to rendering pigs dead on the farm due to non-infectious causes; and Group 3—meal produced in commercial rendering plants. Group 1 meals were produced from sow carcasses that were stored either under environmental temperature (ET = 25 °C) or refrigeration temperature (RT = −6 °C), and their biogenic amine contents were analyzed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of storage. The levels of the biogenic amines phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine of all meals were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their BAIs were calculated. Group 1 meals stored at ET presented higher phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine contents compared with those stored at RT after 24 h storage, whereas spermidine and spermine contents decreased after 24 h of storage at ET. The adapted BAI can be used as a quality indicator of RPCM.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Chinese herbal plant extracts on diarrhea rate, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and immunity of weaned piglets 中草药植物提取物对断奶仔猪腹泻率、肠道形态、营养物质消化率和免疫力的影响

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0008

Shuo Li, Mingjing Sui, Fengyang Wu, Xiang Chen, Baojiang Chen, Langqun Yao

{"title":"Effects of Chinese herbal plant extracts on diarrhea rate, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and immunity of weaned piglets","authors":"Shuo Li, Mingjing Sui, Fengyang Wu, Xiang Chen, Baojiang Chen, Langqun Yao","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment aimed to establish the effects of Chinese herbal plant extracts compound (Astragalus root, Eucommia bark, Honeysuckle, and Quassic) to replace antibiotics on diarrhea rate, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and immunity of weaned piglets. In a 21 day experiment, 180 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments, including a basal diet supplemented with 0 + 250 g/t oxytetracycline calcium and 50 g/t virginiamycin (control), 400 (T1), 500 (T2), and 600 (T3) g/t Chinese herbal plant extracts compound. The results showed that diets supplemented with Chinese herbal plant extracts significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in feces of weaned piglets, the villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and ileum, the levels of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, total protein, albumin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and the apparent digestibility of energy, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, and phosphorus ( P < 0.05). Diets supplemented with Chinese herbal plant extracts significantly reduced the number of Escherichia coli in feces and the diarrhea index ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal plant extracts compound preparation can improve intestinal morphology, feed apparent digestibility, and immunity and reduce diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into the key genes involved in muscle growth in the large Diqing Tibetan pig 比较转录组学和蛋白质组学分析为迪庆大型藏猪肌肉生长的关键基因提供了见解

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0073

Jingru Nie, Bo Zhang, Li Ma, Dawei Yan, Hao Zhang, Ying Bai, Shiyi Liu, Xinxing Dong

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into the key genes involved in muscle growth in the large Diqing Tibetan pig","authors":"Jingru Nie, Bo Zhang, Li Ma, Dawei Yan, Hao Zhang, Ying Bai, Shiyi Liu, Xinxing Dong","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Pig growth involves multiple genes and coordinated regulatory mechanisms. The large Diqing Tibetan pigs (TPs) are a unique plateau pig breed in China. Data on the mechanisms of muscle growth and development in TPs are limited, and its transcriptional regulation mechanism remains unclear. This study identifies important genes and proteins involved in muscle growth in TPs. We obtained transcriptomic and proteomic data from the longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of TPs and Duroc pigs (DPs) via RNA-seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses, respectively. Comparative analyses of TPs and DPs yielded 557 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 56 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Functional annotation of these DEGs and DAPs was enriched in metabolic processes, metabolic pathways, cytoskeletal protein binding, AMPK signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and other related pathways. Ten genes were identified as key candidate regulators ( FASN, PPARG, PCK1, ACTA2, TXN, SNU13, APOA1, ATP8, ALDH2, and IGFN1) that may play important roles in the muscle growth traits of TPs. This study provides a reference for analyzing the genetic regulation mechanism underlying muscle growth in pigs and improving the meat yield of TPs via molecular marker-assisted selection.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the methane mitigation potential of Canadian red seaweeds using in vitro batch culture 利用体外分批培养评估加拿大红海藻的甲烷减排潜力

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0063

Stephanie A Terry, Vicky Garcia, Karen A Beauchemin

{"title":"Assessing the methane mitigation potential of Canadian red seaweeds using in vitro batch culture","authors":"Stephanie A Terry, Vicky Garcia, Karen A Beauchemin","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Seven red Canadian seaweeds ( Callophyllis flabellulata, Graciliariopsis verrucosa, Mastocarpus papillatus, Mazzaella splendens, Mazzaella japonica, Palmaria mollis, and Prionitis lanceolata) and a positive control ( Asparagopsis taxiformis) were selected to evaluate their chemical and elemental composition and their effects on in vitro fermentation and methane (CH 4 ) production in an alfalfa hay or barley straw diet. The in vitro batch culture was conducted as a completely randomised design with a control (alfalfa hay or barley straw) and seven increasing concentrations of seaweed. Chemical and elemental composition varied greatly across seaweed genera. Increasing supplementation of A. taxiformis linearly decreased ( P < 0.001) dry matter disappearance (DMD) and gas production (GP; mL, mL/g DMD) with CH 4 production eliminated ( P < 0.001) at 1.0% inclusion of A. taxiformis in both diets. Inclusion of Mastocarpus papillatus, Mazzaella japonica, Mazzaella splendens, Palmaria mollis, and Prionitis lanceolata increased ( P ≤ 0.05) GP (mL/g DMD) at 0.5% and 1.0% in alfalfa diets. Graciliariopsis verrucosa linearly decreased ( P = 0.01) CH 4 production (mL/g DMD) in the straw diet, but no doses were different compared to the control. In conclusion, the Canadian red seaweeds examined in this study did not exhibit anti-methanogenic potential when incubated with alfalfa hay or barley straw.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bias and accuracy body weight trait evaluations of an F2 chicken using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) 利用单步基因组最佳线性无偏预测(ssGBLUP)评价F2鸡体重性状的偏倚和准确性

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0009

Hamed asadolahi, saeid ansari mahyari, Rasoul Vaez Torshizi, hossein emrani, Alireza ehsani

{"title":"Bias and accuracy body weight trait evaluations of an F2 chicken using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP)","authors":"Hamed asadolahi, saeid ansari mahyari, Rasoul Vaez Torshizi, hossein emrani, Alireza ehsani","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were (i) to compare the accuracy and bias of estimates of breeding values for body weight (BW) at 2–7 weeks of age using pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) methods, and (ii) to determine the best level of minor allele frequencies (MAFs) for pre-selection of SNPs for genomic prediction (GP). Records of 488 F2 broiler chickens obtained from crossbreeding of fast-growing Arian chickens and slow-growing Iranian native chickens at 2–7 weeks of age were used. Samples were genotyped using Illumina Chicken 60K BeadChip. To investigate the effect of MAFs on the accuracy of prediction, 48 379 quality-controlled SNPs were grouped into five subgroups with MAF bins 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.4, and 0.4–0.5. Our results confirmed the superiority of ssGBLUP compared to traditional BLUP methodology. The average accuracy of GP improved by 59.03%, 220.34%, 0.46%, 5.61%, 0.45%, and 2.73% using ssGBLUP compared to BLUP for BW at 2–7 weeks of age, respectively. Depending on the age group, using a subset of SNPs with a specific MAF bin compared to all SNPs resulted in a remarkable improvement of GP accuracy for the observed traits.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135880344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Chemostat Turnover Rate and Select Antibiotics on Salmonella Typhimurium in the Presence of Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract Bacteria 猪胃肠道细菌存在情况下鼠伤寒沙门菌抑化剂转化率及抗菌药物选择的影响

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2023-0019

R.C. Anderson, T.L. Poole, T.C. Crippen, Roger B. Harvey, Steven Ricke

引用次数: 0