Canadian Journal of Animal Science最新文献_第5页

Effects of sugarcane extract on growth and diarrhea of growing piglets 甘蔗提取物对生长仔猪生长发育及腹泻的影响

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0136

Kai Wang, Xin Ren, X. Shen, Yansen Li, Yangchun Xia, Zhaojian Li, Chunmei Li

{"title":"Effects of sugarcane extract on growth and diarrhea of growing piglets","authors":"Kai Wang, Xin Ren, X. Shen, Yansen Li, Yangchun Xia, Zhaojian Li, Chunmei Li","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of sugarcane extract (SCE) on growing pigs' diarrhea incidence, serum immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant enzyme activity. A total of 116 52-day-old commercial pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Jiaxing Black, average weight of 11 ± 1 kg) were randomly allocated to control (CON, basal diet) and 1% SCE group (SCEG, basal diet + 1% SCE). The experiment lasted four weeks. Compared with CON, diarrhea incidence (SCEG: 74.11% versus CON: 54.76%) and diarrhea index (SCEG: 83.65% versus CON: 73.61%) dropped largely in pigs supplemented with SCE. Villus height in the duodenum (p < 0.01) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (p < 0.05) increased in SCEG. Dietary SCE enhanced the activity of catalase (CAT) capacity, and decreased tumor necrosis factor α, and malondialdehyde levels in serum (p < 0.05). CAT activity in the ileum increased (p < 0.05) in piglets supplemented with SCE. Thus, dietary supplementation with SCE improved diarrhea incidence, serum antioxidant capacity and immunity, and intestinal villus morphology and may be used as an efficient antibiotic alternative in weaned piglet feed.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"282 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46975906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protective effects of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on barrier function injury of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 甲基磺酰甲烷（MSM）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的猪肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）屏障功能损伤的保护作用

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0141

Y. Jiao, Hengjiang Li, Ting Ren, I. Kim

{"title":"Protective effects of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on barrier function injury of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)","authors":"Y. Jiao, Hengjiang Li, Ting Ren, I. Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0141","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural organic sulfur component that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, injury of porcine intestinal epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) models were used to investigate the effect of MSM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced porcine intestinal epithelium barrier damage. The results of the cell cycle showed that the cells in the G2/M phase decreased significantly with the supplementation of 300 mmol/L MSM (P < 0.05). The ELISA assay revealed that MSM could significantly inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, MSM could significantly increase the value of cell monolayer transepithelial electrical resistance while reducing the FITC-dextran flux permeability and lactate dehydrogenase activity in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.01). Additionally, 300 mmol/L MSM significantly increased both mRNA and protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MSM prevented the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by LPS, indicating that MSM might enhance tight junction function through mechanisms of activation of EGFR-mediated protein synthesis in IPEC-J2 cells. Therefore, our findings suggested that MSM has protective effects on inflammation and epithelial barrier injury in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells, indicating that MSM might be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the pig industry.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"262 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42932606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0119

H. Olanrewaju, J. Purswell, J. Evans, S. Collier, S. Branton

引用次数: 0

Recording of calf diseases for potential use in breeding programs: a case study on calf respiratory illness and diarrhea 记录小牛疾病以备育种计划之用:小牛呼吸道疾病与腹泻个案研究

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0112

N. van Staaveren, E. Hyland, K. Houlahan, C. Lynch, F. Miglior, D. Kelton, F. Schenkel, C. Baes

{"title":"Recording of calf diseases for potential use in breeding programs: a case study on calf respiratory illness and diarrhea","authors":"N. van Staaveren, E. Hyland, K. Houlahan, C. Lynch, F. Miglior, D. Kelton, F. Schenkel, C. Baes","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Calf diseases remain a challenge for dairy producers from both an economic and welfare perspective. Genetically selecting for disease resistance in calves is a promising approach that could contribute to sustainable dairy farming. Genetic evaluations, however, require well-defined and consistently recorded phenotypes to be successful. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the current state of calf disease recording on Ontario farms. Calf disease records of respiratory illness and diarrhea were available from the national milk recording organization (Lactanet Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada) from 2009 to 2020. A case study was conducted to describe calf disease diagnoses and recording practices by surveying a subset of 13 Ontario dairy producers. The percentage of milk recorded farms that recorded calf respiratory illness and calf diarrhea increased from 2.6% in 2009 to 11.1% in 2020. Potential sources of data loss were identified along the information chain from farm to genetic evaluation database. Clear definitions and thresholds to diagnose calf disease, standard operating procedures for data recording, as well as a data transfer pipeline, which includes exchange formats, are needed to facilitate the inclusion of calf health traits in genetic evaluations.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"192 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46934247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Amiata donkey body conformation, udder characteristics, and their relationship with milk yield and quality 毛驴身体形态、乳房特征及其与产奶量和品质的关系

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0130

F. Salari, I. Altomonte, C. Boselli, M. Martini

{"title":"Amiata donkey body conformation, udder characteristics, and their relationship with milk yield and quality","authors":"F. Salari, I. Altomonte, C. Boselli, M. Martini","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0130","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To date, no selective actions have been taken to improve milk traits in dairy donkeys, and the characteristics of the udder are not well defined in relation to the productive characteristics. This study aimed at increasing knowledge on Amiata dairy donkey body conformation, udder traits, and their relationship with milk yield and quality. Morphological, udder, and teat measurements and milk evaluations of 45 pluriparous jennies were carried out. The average wither height of the jennies was 126 cm and the chest girth was 148 cm; a large standard deviation of some body measurements was found. Forty-nine percent of the animals showed a moderately developed udder, while most of the jennies had symmetrical half-udders (96%) and the intermammary cleft was clearly visible in 53% of subjects. Correlation analysis indicated that bigger animals tend to have bigger udders, higher teat diameter, and greater distance between teat tips. A positive correlation between the teat length and the milk fat was found (p < 0.01), which suggests that jennies with longer teats have a better ability to release milk fat. The results of this paper may be useful to define the characteristics of the milking device and address selective choices of the animals.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"128 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45232860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Note of appreciation 感谢信

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0140

引用次数: 0

Farm size distribution in the Canadian livestock sector 加拿大畜牧业的农场规模分布

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0075

A. VanderZaag, S. Bittman, M. Wellisch

引用次数: 0

Thermal processing induced changes on molecular structure spectral profile of carbohydrates and ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion characteristics of oat grains (Avena sativa) in dairy cows: comparison among dry heating vs. moisture heating vs. microwave irradiation 热处理引起的奶牛碳水化合物分子结构光谱谱的变化以及燕麦颗粒（Avena sativa）的瘤胃降解和肠道消化特性：干热与湿热与微波辐射的比较

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0061

L. Prates, Carlene Nagy, P. Yu

{"title":"Thermal processing induced changes on molecular structure spectral profile of carbohydrates and ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion characteristics of oat grains (Avena sativa) in dairy cows: comparison among dry heating vs. moisture heating vs. microwave irradiation","authors":"L. Prates, Carlene Nagy, P. Yu","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the objectives were to (i) identify the magnitude of differences between dry heating, moisture heating, microwave irradiation, and no-heated treatments on chemical profiles, energy values, the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System fractions, rumen degradation, and intestinal digestion of newly developed oat (Avena sativa) varieties; (ii) investigate heating induced changes in the molecular structure of the grains with the use of vibrational attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy; and (iii) predict rumen degradability of the nutrients based on the molecular spectral profile obtained from ATR-FTIR. Duration and temperature for each processing treatment were established based on previous studies. Results showed that heat processing treatments altered CHO fractions with undegradable CHO fraction (CC) increased by moisture heating. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was successful in detecting the processing induced CHO molecular structure changes in oat grain. The CHO molecular profiles were correlated to chemical profile and in situ rumen degradation characteristics. Lastly, multiple regressions with best model variable selection for prediction of nutritional value were obtained. In conclusion, heat processing methods tended to affect both energy values and rumen degradation features. The CHO molecular structure spectral profiles could be used as potential predictors for heated oat grain degradation.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"204 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45637499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of quercetin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta bacterial count, noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broilers when fed different protein diets 添加槲皮素对不同蛋白质日粮肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率、排泄菌数、有害气体排放和肉质的影响

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0122

M. Hoque, I. Kim

{"title":"Effect of quercetin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta bacterial count, noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broilers when fed different protein diets","authors":"M. Hoque, I. Kim","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2021-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of flavonoid supplementation to a low-protein diet (LCP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta bacterial count, and excreta gas emission of broilers. In total, 800 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers (BW; 42.90±1.43g) were randomly sorted into one of the 4 dietary treatments (10 pens/treatment; 20 birds/pen). Treatment diets were high-protein diet (HCP), basal diet; LCP, basal diet−2.5% protein; TRT1, LCP+0.025% quercetin; and TRT2, LCP+0.050% quercetin. Experimental diets were provided to broilers from days8 to 35. HCP, TRT1, and TRT2 showed higher body weight gain (BWG) than the LCP group during days8–21 and in the overall experiment. However, feed conversion ratio of the HCP group was improved than that of the LCP group during days8–21 and in the overall period. The increasing level of quercetin supplementations brought a linear increase in BWG. Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella counts in excreta samples of the experimental groups showed no significant difference. Flavonoid supplementation (0.050%) reduced drip loss in breast muscle more than that in the LCP group and showed a linear reduction. Through improved digestion, quercetin addition to an LCP reversed the BWG.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"185 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49235022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reassessing cow comfort measures on Canadian dairy farms after a recommendation of improvements 在提出改进建议后，重新评估加拿大奶牛场的奶牛舒适措施

IF 1 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0033

S. Palacio, A. Zambelis, S. Adam, R. Bergeron, D. Pellerin, D. Haley, T. DeVries, E. Vasseur

{"title":"Reassessing cow comfort measures on Canadian dairy farms after a recommendation of improvements","authors":"S. Palacio, A. Zambelis, S. Adam, R. Bergeron, D. Pellerin, D. Haley, T. DeVries, E. Vasseur","doi":"10.1139/cjas-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a previous study (Assessment 1), an on-farm assessment tool was used to establish a standard across 60 Quebec dairy farms using animal-, stall-, and management-based measures of cow comfort. The objective of the present follow-up study (Assessment 2) was to perform a reassessment using an identical cow comfort assessment tool on a subset of the original farms expected to benefit most from applying the recommended changes, and to determine the effects of the modifications on cow comfort. From the subsample of farms, 24 reported applying stall modifications based on recommendations from Assessment 1 with the aim of promoting cow comfort (Adopters), while the remaining 10 farms did not (Non-adopters). The assessment tool included 19 target areas, grouped into 9 critical areas based on measures of cow comfort that considered housing, feed-water, health, and welfare. The on-farm report of Assessment 1 was found to increase producer awareness of issues in cow comfort measures on farms, as shown by an improvement in stall design according to recommendations based on cow body dimensions and reduced injury prevalence. Routine reassessment of cow comfort measures may be important to use in supporting target achievement improvements as part of welfare improvement strategies.","PeriodicalId":9512,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"174 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48055259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0