Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers最新文献

{"title":"Abstract PO-095: Comparative analysis of breast tumor microbiome in Black non-Hispanic (BNH) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) women","authors":"J. Vishwanatha, S. Thyagarajan, M. Allen, Yan Zhang, N. Phillips, P. Chaudhary","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-095","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have demonstrated that environmental, host genetic, and socioeconomic factors influence the breast cancer prevalence landscape with a far-reaching influence on racial disparity to subtypes of breast cancer. To understand whether breast tissue harbors race-specific microbiota, we performed 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing of retrospective tumor and matched normal tissue adjacent to tumor (NAT) samples collected from Black non-Hispanic (BNH) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) women. Analysis of Triple Negative Breast cancer (TNBC) and Triple Positive Breast Cancer (TPBC) tissue for microbiota composition revealed significant differences in relative abundance of specific taxa at both phylum and genus levels between WNH and BNH women cohorts. Our main findings are that microbial diversity as measured by Shannon index was significantly lower in BNH TNBC tumor tissue as compared to matched NAT zone. In contrast, the WNH cohort had an inverse pattern for the Shannon index, when TNBC tumor tissue was compared to the matched NAT. Unweighted Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed a distinct clustering of tumor and NAT microbiota in both BNH and WNH cohorts. Citation Format: Jamboor K. Vishwanatha, Srikantha Thyagarajan, Michael Allen, Yan Zhang, Nicole Phillips, Pankaj Chaudhary. Comparative analysis of breast tumor microbiome in Black non-Hispanic (BNH) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-095.","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87859088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract PO-083: A qualitative examination of race, racism, residential segregation and cancer survivorship among Black and Hispanic women","authors":"Staci A. Young, S. B. Ponce, M. Berendt, C. Cuevas, Jasmin Griggs, C. Jankowski, N. Jones, K. Beyer","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-083","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Racial breast cancer survival disparities persist, indicating that not all populations are benefitting equally from advances in cancer control. Individual and health care factors do not fully explain these disparities, and contributing factors may include institutional racism and racial segregation. Our study explores the ways in which women in a highly segregated metropolitan area navigate cancer survivorship. Methods: The study utilizes novel qualitative methods and is guided by a community advisory board. Participants were recruited from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We use a stratified, purposive sampling approach to include survivors who vary by neighborhood racial and ethnic composition. Eligible participants have been diagnosed with breast cancer, identify as Black or Hispanic, and have completed their initial treatment regimen. Instruments and processes were guided by a conceptual framework relating racism and racial segregation to breast cancer survival. We use narrative inquiry as a reflexive tool in which participants’ lived experiences are captured as textual representations. Semi-structured interviews include a demographic questionnaire, a life narrative account, and completion of a timeline detailing residential history since diagnosis. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed utilizing a hybrid approach of both a data-driven inductive process and a deductive, a priori coding template consistent with the conceptual framework. We present current findings from this ongoing study. Results: To date, 34 interviews have been completed with self-identified Black women (n=22) and Hispanic women (n=12). Black participants lived in neighborhoods that were predominantly Black (41%), diverse (32%), and predominantly white (28%), while Hispanic women lived in neighborhoods that were predominantly Hispanic (58%), diverse (8%), and predominantly white (33%). Ages of women ranged from 37 to 81, with a median of 61. Most women had an early stage cancer diagnosis. Narrative responses included: 1) determinants of health such as biology and family history; 2) social status, including socioeconomic status, race, and neighborhood of residence; 3) individual and family stressors such as discrimination, access to health information, and care quality; and 4) social support, resilience, and physiological responses to treatment. Participants discussed living in different geographic locations in the city, personal safety, and exposure to racism in their communities and workplaces. All were hopeful that sharing their experiences would benefit other cancer survivors. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of examining race, racism, and residential segregation as contributors to breast cancer survivorship. Utilizing narrative inquiry and residential history analysis allows for a deeper examination of women’s experiences situated in place. Study findings can inform community-based conversations, advocacy and policy change to reduce disparities. ","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87566711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B063: Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York","authors":"B. Hubert, F. Froeling, K. Arora, T. Chu, N. Robine, M. Zody, D. Oschwald, H. Varmus, C. Sawyers, D. Tuveson","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-b063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-b063","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized approaches to the prevention, risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers. However, many ethnic groups, especially nonEuropean populations, have been significantly underrepresented in cancer research, including clinical trials, and have not received equal benefits in clinical practice. As a result, our current knowledge about tumor biology, cancer risk, and response to treatment has primarily been derived from patients of European descent. These inequities limit our understanding of the many types of cancer and may exacerbate health disparities in the United States. In this proposal, we address both the scientific and social issues by creating a dynamic research platform within the greater New York area that promises to enhance the ways in which cancer is prevented, diagnosed, and treated. This initiative, named Polyethnic-1000, will involve patients and staff at several academic health centers and partner hospitals in the New York City region. It will use the genomics and informatics capabilities of the New York Genome Center to determine how inherited and somatically acquired genetic variations affect the behavior of cancers occurring in ethnically diverse populations. In a first, retrospective phase, we will establish the workflow from sample acquisition to whole-exome and RNA sequencing, data analysis, and data sharing within the consortium. Then we will start a prospective study enabling the formation of cohorts of interest for particular cancer types and particular ethnicities, with uniform consent allowing broad data sharing of the somatic variants identified. Polyethnic-1000 will establish a framework to enhance interactions among our region9s academic and health centers to advance cancer genomics. These efforts should improve and widen the use of genomics for all, especially currently underserved ethnic minority populations. Citation Format: Nicolas Robine, Fieke Froeling, Benjamin Hubert, Michael C. Zody, Dayna Oschwald, Harold Varmus, Charles Sawyers, David Tuveson. Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B063.","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83900271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B004: Capacity development among patient navigators to enhance colorectal cancer control in American Indian-serving healthcare facilities in the U.S. Southwest and Southern Plains","authors":"Kevin English, Cheyenne C Jim, J. Hatcher, M. Doescher, Shiraz I. Mishra, P. Lance, D. Rhoades, U. Menon","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-b004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-b004","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Institute of Medicine’s National Cancer Policy Forum, the American Cancer Society, and the National Cancer Institute, cancer screening programs are partly responsible for declining colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates in the U.S. Unfortunately, American Indians (AIs) have experienced either no change or an increase in CRC incidence and mortality, disproportionate diagnosis of late stage disease and poorer survival. While, nearly two-thirds of U.S. adults are current with United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for CRC screening, AI screening rates range from only 28% to 51% in the Southwest and Southern Plains regions. One evidence-based intervention strategy for increasing CRC screening recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) is patient navigation. By offering interpretation, transportation, social support, and culturally and linguistically appropriate education and outreach, patient navigators are able to reduce structural barriers and facilitate access to screening. While researchers have documented effectiveness of patient navigation towards enhancing cancer screening among AI populations, few studies have elucidated best practices for training patient navigators to serve in this capacity. As an effort of the AI CRC Screening Consortium formed by the National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers at the Universities of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, we trained a cadre of 21 individuals to serve as patients navigators in six unique AI-serving health clinics and communities in Oklahoma, Arizona, and New Mexico. We used a unique blend of didactic and interactive training components (i.e. role playing, games, and group dialogues). The 2.5-day curriculum centered upon a set of nine modules that included digestive system anatomy, USPSTF CRC screening guidelines, stool-based test procedures, direct visualization test procedures, CRC risk factors, CRC diagnosis and treatment, Transtheoretical Model and Motivational Interviewing, and patient navigation tips. A 36-item pre-/post-test was administered to assess the impact of training upon navigator capacity. Paired-sample t-tests were utilized to analyze mean differences in scales measuring two key constructs – CRC-specific knowledge and self-efficacy to engage in CRC control efforts. Evaluation findings demonstrated statistically significance increases in both CRC knowledge scores (pre-test mean = 7.8/12.0 vs. post-test mean 10.9/12.0, p=0.000) and self-efficacy scores (pre-test mean = 3.8/5.0 vs. post-test mean = 4.8/5.0, p=0.001). These findings demonstrate the value of robust capacity development activities with patient navigators prior to intervention as a means of not only increase knowledge about CRC and its associated screenings, but to also engender significant readiness and confidence among patient navigators to integrate CRC control into practice. Citation Format: Kevin C English, Cheyenne Jim, Jen","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81968273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract A051: Race and gender differences in awareness of colorectal cancer screening tests among recently diagnosed colon cancer","authors":"L. Carnahan, Lindsey A. Jones, Katherine C. Brewer, Y. Molina, G. Rauscher","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a051","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) populations, compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), are less likely to receive guideline concordant colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. CRC screening barriers are multifaceted and involve factors including health care access and utilization, sociodemographic characteristics, and individuals9 beliefs and awareness about cancer, screening tests, and guidelines. Inability to recall or recognize CRC tests and low knowledge of screening guidelines may contribute to disparate outcomes across the colon cancer continuum. Objective: In the present study, we sought to 1) characterize the prevalence of urban colon cancer patients9 awareness of screening tests and guidelines, and 2) examine if awareness and knowledge of guidelines were associated with mode of cancer detection (screen-detected versus symptomatic presentation). Methods: The Colon Cancer Patterns of Care in Chicago study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that examined racial, gender, and SES disparities in CRC screening, care initiation, diagnostic stage, and subsequent treatment. Eligible patients were NHB and NHW, aged 45-79, with first primary invasive colon cancer, and were recruited from nine diverse, urban health care institutions. After consent, participants completed an in-person interview wherein they responded to questions related to the recall and recognition of colon cancer stool, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy screening tests and knowledge of screening guidelines, diagnostic pathways and treatment, sociodemographic characteristics, and health care access and utilization. They received $100 for completing the interview and consenting to medical record abstraction. Logistic regression was used to model the association between knowledge and awareness variables and colon cancer mode of detection (symptomatic versus screen detection). incorporating nonresponse weights created to account for differences in response rate by facility, age, race and gender, and models were, and controlling for age, race, gender and the composite SES variable in all models. Results: Recall of stool testing and sigmoidoscopy was low (13% and 5%); name recognition of these tests was 59% and 30%, respectively. Correct guideline knowledge was low for all three tests (7% for sigmoidoscopy, 14% for FOBT, and 19% for colonoscopy). Recall, recognition, and knowledge were lower for NHB and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. Inability to name or recall a single test was associated with reduced screen-detection compared with recall of at least one test (36% vs. 22%, p=0.01). Discussion: Our results should help to identify target populations in need of enhanced education and additional prompting by their health care providers to ensure that they obtain the necessary surveillance for colon cancer over the long term. Citation Format: Leslie R. Carnahan, Lindsey Jones, Katherine Brewer, Yamile Molina, Garth Rauscher. Race and gender differences in awareness of colorectal can","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75264633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract A009: Validation of an instrument to measure health professionals' health literacy competence","authors":"Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, L. McKyer","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Health literacy (HL) has been identified as a significant predictor of outcomes across the health continuum, including cancer care. As a result it is recommended that all health professionals receive health literacy training. Some institutions have begun integrating health literacy into training programs, but there is a dearth of reliable assessment tools to measure learners9 knowledge. Only one validated instrument (Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience Scale (HL-KES)) exists that specifically assess health professionals9 health literacy competence, but it was validated for use among nurses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the HL-KES as a suitable measure for assessing the HL knowledge and experience of health promotion professionals. Methods: Advanced (junior and senior) students (n=250) enrolled in bachelor-level health promotion programs in three large public universities in Texas completed the 29-item HL-KES. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factor structure. Reliability estimates of the overall scale and subscales were assessed using the item covariance method with coefficient alpha (α). Results: The analyses identified three factors that accounted for 62% of the total variance. Twelve items loaded on factor 1 (Knowledge of HL challenges), four items loaded on factor 2 (knowledge of HL assessment strategies), and three items loaded on factor 3 (knowledge of HL principles for written healthcare materials). Results from the test of internal consistency indicated the HL-KES had acceptable reliability for the overall knowledge scale (Cronbach9s alpha = 0.77). The sub-scales had Cronbach9s alphas ranging from .31 to .52. Conclusion: The results suggest the HLKES is a reliable instrument for assessing health promotion professionals9 health literacy knowledge. As a whole, the Cronbach9s alpha for the instrument falls within the acceptable range (.65 - .90). The subscales, however, have low reliability coefficients. Cronbach9s alpha is a function of test length and inter-item correlation and a couple of subscales had just a few items. Reduction in the number of items no doubt attenuated the internal consistency. Citation Format: Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Lisako McKyer. Validation of an instrument to measure health professionals9 health literacy competence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A009.","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83255207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract A119: Ethnic and sex differences in exposure to traffic-related air pollutants and lung cancer incidence: The Multiethnic Cohort","authors":"I. Cheng, S. M. Conroy, C. Tseng, Juan Yang, Shahir Masri, T. Larson, S. Fruin, J. Jain, L. Marchand, J. Samet, S. Gomez, V. Setiawan, Sungshim L Park, D. Stram, Salma Shariff-Marco, B. Ritz, Jun Wu, A. Wu","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a119","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: California has one of the highest levels of air pollution in the nation. Vehicle exhaust contains a mixture of gases and particulate matter that are known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Our objective was to examine the association between specific traffic-related air pollutants and lung cancer risk by race/ethnicity and sex among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), residing predominately in Los Angeles County. Methods: Residential addresses from baseline, 1993-1996, through 2013 for over 112,000 California MEC participants were geocoded to latitude and longitude coordinates and used to estimate air pollutant exposures of NO2, NOX, PM10, CO, and O3 based on Bayesian kriging interpolation of state and national government air monitoring data. A total of 2,994 incident lung cancer cases (1,415 African Americans, 732 Latinos, 516 Whites, and 327 Japanese Americans) were identified by linkage to the California Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard regression was conducted to examine the long-term effects of NO2, NOX, PM10, CO, and O3 adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, health behaviors, smoking, and other established lung cancer risk factors. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Results: Lung cancer risk increased per 20 ppb NO2 among women (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.02-1.64) with consistent patterns of associations observed among African American, Japanese American, and White women. A slightly larger increased risk was observed among ever-smoking women (HR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.02-1.74), particularly ever-smoking African American women (HR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.24). In addition, a statistically significant increased lung cancer risk was observed per 10ug/m3 increase in PM10 among ever-smoking women (HR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.34) and per 100 ppb increase in CO among women (HR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09). No significant associations with lung cancer were detected among men. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that women of diverse racial/ethnic groups may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of long-term exposures of NO2, PM10, and CO on lung cancer risk. These findings among women in contrast to men may relate to differences in residential exposures with higher sensitivity or more time spent in residential neighborhoods for women in comparison to men. Future analyses will examine associations with other pollutants using different exposure assessment approaches and examine differences in associations by neighborhood- and individual-level factors. Citation Format: Iona Cheng, Shannon M. Conroy, Chiuchen Tseng, Juan Yang, Shahir Masri, Timothy Larson, Scott Fruin, Jennifer Jain, Loic Le Marchand, Jonathan Samet, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Sung-Shim Lani Park, Daniel O. Stram, Salma Shariff-Marco, Beate Ritz, Jun Wu, Anna H. Wu. Ethnic and sex differences in exposure to traffic-related air pollutants and lung cancer incidence: The Multieth","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73097751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract A22: Association of breast cancer risk and concentrations of tissue estrogens to single strand breaks in DNA","authors":"Mathavi Sahadevan, O. Lee, M. Muzzio, B. Phan, L. Jacobs, N. Khouri, Jun Wang, Hong Hu, V. Stearns, R. Chatterton","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-A22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-A22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA are discontinuities in one strand of the DNA and are usually accompanied by loss of a single base and by damaged 5- or 3-termini at the site of the break. If not repaired rapidly or appropriately, chromosomal SSBs pose a serious threat to genetic stability and cancer development. We hypothesize that if the presence of single strand DNA breaks can be quantified directly, it will provide a means of detecting a process that puts cells at high risk of developing cancer. The association between a quantitative measure of SSB and other measures of breast cancer risk was determined. Subjects: 206 postmenopausal and 99 premenopausal, healthy women with intact, healthy bilateral breasts, without implants or history of radiation, willing to undergo a random fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) of the breast within 3.5 months of a normal mammogram were recruited to the study. Exclusions: use of tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitor within 2 years of participation or oral contraceptives or other hormone treatments within 3 months of study enrollment. Participants completed personal and medical history questionnaires. Blood for hormone levels and random fine needle aspirates of the breast (rFNA) were collected following a breast exam. Methods: rFNA of the breast of women at unspecified risks for breast cancer were analyzed for SSB by a nick translation procedure. SSB levels digital two-dimensional breast density of the entire breast (PBD), mRNA of genes associated with DNA damage, and breast steroid concentrations by a LC/MS/MS procedure. Results: Based on the cpm in the purified sample, the specific activity of the 3H-dCTP, and quantity of DNA in the sample, the incorporation of 3H-dCTP ranged from 0.03 to 8.59 pmol/µg DNA. The β-coefficients for the relationships between SSB and measures of breast cancer risk were determined by a multiple regression procedure. PBD adjusted for age was associated with SSB in postmenopausal women (P = 0.007) but was not associated with SSB in premenopausal women. Further adjustment for BMI reduced the PBD relationship to SSB by 35% but adjustment for BMI. APEX1 was not significantly associated with SSB. XRCC1 mRNA was negatively associated with SSB in premenopausal women (p = 0.016), and was not altered by adjustment for age. The antioxidant functions NRF-1 and SOD2 were both significantly negatively associated with SSBs, P = 0.001 and 0.045, respectively, and both were decreased by less than 5% after adjustment for age. Breast tissue concentrations of 4-hydroxyestradiol exceeded those of estradiol, were correlated with tissue estradiol, and were significantly (P = 0.011) negatively related to SSB levels. Breast tissue concentrations of estradiol, estrone, 4-hydroxyestrone, and androstenedione were not significantly related to SSB. Conclusions: The most likely mechanism by which 4-OHE2 or 2-OHE1 could protect against formation of SSBs in the breast is by their antioxidative prop","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74270154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract B21: The study of β-glucan on the release of nitric oxide by macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide","authors":"K. Cho","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-B21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-B21","url":null,"abstract":"This research analyzed the effect of β-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in a macrophagocyte, which was processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia, a pathogen related to allergy. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of NF-κB was measured using the ELISA-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by E.coli LPS, the β-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. β-glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cell that was stimulated by E.coli LPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the SnPP. This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of β-glucan. The phosphorylation of JNK and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the β-glucan, and the IκB-α decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, β-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the STAT1 that was induced by the E.coli LPS. Overall, the β-glucan inhibited the production of NO in the macrophagocyte that was vitalized by the E.coli LPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host inflammation reaction control by β-glucan weakens the progress of the allergies, β-glucan can be used as an effective treatment method. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Kwang Keun Cho, Sr. The study of β-glucan on the release of nitric oxide by macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78493176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract IA03: Requirements for a statistical prediction model to receive AJCC endorsement","authors":"M. Kattan","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-IA03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-IA03","url":null,"abstract":"The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has recognizes the need for more personalized predictions than those delivered by cancer staging systems. In particular, the use of accurate risk models or calculators is seen as valuable. However, judging the quality and acceptability of a risk model is difficult. The AJCC Precision Medicine Core formed a committee to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria necessary for a risk model to potentially be endorsed by the AJCC. They identified 13 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria for AJCC risk model endorsement. The criteria centered on performance metrics, implementation clarity, and clinical relevance. These criteria will be described. Citation Format: Michael W. Kattan. Requirements for a statistical prediction model to receive AJCC endorsement. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76707635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}