Canadian Journal of Zoology最新文献_第8页

Respiratory plasticity during acclimation to hypoxia and following a recovery in normoxia 低氧习服和恢复正常后的呼吸可塑性

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0158

Yangfan Zhang, F. Mauduit, Luca Pettinau, H. Ollivier, F. Lancien, Katja Anttila, A. Farrell, G. Claireaux

{"title":"Respiratory plasticity during acclimation to hypoxia and following a recovery in normoxia","authors":"Yangfan Zhang, F. Mauduit, Luca Pettinau, H. Ollivier, F. Lancien, Katja Anttila, A. Farrell, G. Claireaux","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0158","url":null,"abstract":"Phenotypic plasticity manifested after acclimatization is a very important source of biological variability among fish species. We hypothesized that hypoxic acclimation, besides potentially generating a temporary hypoxic respiratory phenotype, would also manifest as a continued benefit after re-acclimation to normoxia. Hence, we holistically characterized the respiratory phenotype of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) acclimated to normoxia with or without prior acclimation to hypoxia. Compared with the original normoxic phenotype, prior acclimation to hypoxia and return to normoxia produced a 27% higher absolute aerobic scope (AAS), a 24% higher citrate synthase activity in red muscle and a 28% lower excess post-exercise O2 consumption. Additional testing of hypoxia-acclimated fish under normoxia explored the specific effects of hypoxic acclimation. The hypoxic phenotype, when compared with the original normoxic phenotype, had a lower standard metabolic rate, a better hypoxia performance and a lower minimum PO2 for supporting 50% AAS. Given this respiratory malleability, general predictions for marine fish exploiting a more hypoxic future should better consider respiratory plasticity and prolonged effects of hypoxic exposures.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43244779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth, allometry, and characteristics of a sexually selected structure in wolverine (Gulo gulo(Linnaeus, 1758)), northern river otter (Lontra canadensis(Linnaeus, 1758)), and sea otter (Enhydra lutris(Linnaeus, 1758)) 狼獾(Gulo Gulo, Linnaeus, 1758)、北方河獭(Lontra canadensis, Linnaeus, 1758)和海獭(Enhydra lutris, Linnaeus, 1758)的生长、异速生长和性选择结构特征

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0202

E. Miller, T. Jung, Piia M. Kukka, J. Reynolds, R. Grove, G. Stenson, R. Rogers

{"title":"Growth, allometry, and characteristics of a sexually selected structure in wolverine (Gulo gulo(Linnaeus, 1758)), northern river otter (Lontra canadensis(Linnaeus, 1758)), and sea otter (Enhydra lutris(Linnaeus, 1758))","authors":"E. Miller, T. Jung, Piia M. Kukka, J. Reynolds, R. Grove, G. Stenson, R. Rogers","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0202","url":null,"abstract":"Allometric analyses of sexually selected structures have revealed many patterns of evolutionary and behavioural significance (e.g. in weapons, ornaments, genitalia). We investigated allometry of the baculum (penis bone) relative to body size in adults of three large mustelids: wolverine (Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758)), northern river otter (Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1776)), and sea otter (Enhydra lutris (Linnaeus, 1758)). Bacular growth took place over a longer period than body growth. Correlations among bacular variables were positive. No regression slopes expressed positive allometry (i.e. slope > 1 for linear variables). These trends point to the possibility that bacular size is adapted to average size of the reproductive tract of sexually mature female northern river otters and possibly sea otters, and that pre-ejaculatory (“pre-copulatory”) selection is highest in those species. Bacular size varied more than skull or limb-bone size; bacular shape also varied greatly. Species differed in size and complexity of the urethral groove and bacular apex, suggesting functional differences in intromission. Substantial variation in bacular shape resulted from healed fractures, especially in sea otter. Knowledge of copulatory behaviour, age of breeding, female reproductive anatomy, and genitalic interactions during intromission is needed for fuller understanding of bacular anatomy, allometry, and variation for these species.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46919748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

“Anteaters” under the airport: a slender new species of blindsnake, genus Indotyphlops, from Timor-Leste (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae: Asiatyphlopinae) 机场下的“食蚁兽”：一种细长的盲尾蛇属新种，来自东帝汶（Scolecophidia：斑蝥科：亚洲斑蝥亚科）

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0097

M. O’Shea, V. Wallach, Emma Hsiao, H. Kaiser

引用次数: 0

Factors affecting site selection by beavers colonizing streams in the upper Midwest region of the United States 影响海狸在美国中西部上游地区的溪流中定居的选址因素

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0186

D. Rugg, C. Ribic, D. Donner, A. J. Beck, D. Wolcott, Susan. Reinecke, Dan Eklund

{"title":"Factors affecting site selection by beavers colonizing streams in the upper Midwest region of the United States","authors":"D. Rugg, C. Ribic, D. Donner, A. J. Beck, D. Wolcott, Susan. Reinecke, Dan Eklund","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0186","url":null,"abstract":"Beaver management requires understanding beaver habitat preferences. Despite the American beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820) being relatively common in the upper Midwest region of the United States, there are no beaver habitat relationship models based on this area. We used 1,735 colonization events from long-term monitoring data generated by the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest in northern Wisconsin, USA, to determine what geomorphological and biological factors were selected by beavers colonizing new sites. We developed and evaluated prediction performance for three colonization models: geomorphology factors only, geomorphology and vegetation factors, and a full colonization model based on geomorphology, vegetation, and availability of dispersing beavers. Overall, the geomorphology-vegetation-colonizer model was the best model, predicting actual colony locations better than the other two models. Spatially, the landscape open to beaver colonization was a mosaic of streams with suitable and unsuitable habitat. These models improve our understanding of how beaver site selection factors in the upper Midwest region differ from factors identified in the literature for the western and eastern United States. This information may be useful for land managers in this region seeking to spatially target resources for restoring northern forest landscapes such as the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41302270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microhabitat of Myotis leibii summer roosts at the southwestern periphery of their range 雷桦夏季栖息地西南边缘的微生境

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0137

Valerie M. Kearny, R. W. Perry, T. Risch, Virginie Rolland

{"title":"Microhabitat of Myotis leibii summer roosts at the southwestern periphery of their range","authors":"Valerie M. Kearny, R. W. Perry, T. Risch, Virginie Rolland","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0137","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding microhabitat use is needed to make sound conservation decisions for at-risk, patchy-habitat specialists. Rock habitats offer unique microclimatic refugia for wildlife. Eastern Small-footed Bats (Myotis leibii (Audubon and Bachman, 1842)) use rock roosts during the summer, but data on these summer roosts are lacking for this species classified as (critically) imperiled in several US states and Canadian provinces and as globally endangered. Our goal was to characterize the structure and microclimate of M. leibii roosts at the southwestern periphery of their range. We predicted that M. leibii roost temperatures would be warmer and less variable than ambient temperatures and that solitary bats would use horizontal roosts cooler at night, whereas maternity group roosts would be vertical and warmer at night. During summers 2019 and 2020, we recorded physical (e.g., width) and temperature attributes of 58 M. leibii roosts at 16 sites in the Ouachita Mountains. Crevice roosts of M. leibii had narrow dimensions like elsewhere in their range and roost temperatures (measured with iButtons) were warmer and more variable than ambient temperatures. Group roosts were larger and had more stable temperatures than solitary roosts. These findings may be useful for assessing population threats, monitoring roost suitability, identifying roost-rich areas that need protection, and even planning artificial roost structures where natural roosts are limited.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary thiaminase impairs cardiac function and increases heart size in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) 饲料中的硫胺酶会损害湖鳟的心脏功能并增加心脏大小。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0012

Peter Michael Baker, Christian A. Therrien, C. A. Muir, S. Garner, B. Neff

引用次数: 0

Behavioral Adaptations of Scatterhoarders to Seasonal Flooding 分散囤积者对季节性洪水的行为适应

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0024

Sarah B. Wilson, Robert A. Gitzen, S. Ditchkoff, Todd D. Steury

{"title":"Behavioral Adaptations of Scatterhoarders to Seasonal Flooding","authors":"Sarah B. Wilson, Robert A. Gitzen, S. Ditchkoff, Todd D. Steury","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Scatterhoarder responses to factors that influence stored food (i.e. flooding) is important given the strong reliance on hoarded food for survival. We examined how eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis, Gmelin 1778) have adapted to a seasonally flooded ecosystem in Alabama. Our study area was dry September – November and flooded the rest of the year. We predicted squirrels would respond to flooding by storing food in areas that stay dry during winter, seasonally shifting to dry habitat, or decreasing the amount of hard mast in their winter diet. We also examined previously reported survival differences between the dry and flooded seasons. During the dry season, 72% of acorns were buried in areas that later flooded. Habitat use did not change significantly during the flooded and dry seasons; however, squirrels used habitat that stayed dry during flooding to a greater degree during non-flood seasons. The amount of hard mast in the diet did not change significantly between the dry and flooded seasons. However, squirrels were more likely to die during the flooded season (P = 0.02). We did not find any behavioral adaptations to seasonal flooding. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of fluctuating environmental conditions on scatterhoarders.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41553261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating Patterns and Extent of Predation of Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Nechako White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) by North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) in the Nechako River, British Columbia, Canada 加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省内查科河孵育内查科白鲟幼鱼被北美河水獭捕食模式和范围的调查

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0148

C. Babey, N. Gantner, J. Shrimpton

{"title":"Investigating Patterns and Extent of Predation of Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Nechako White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) by North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) in the Nechako River, British Columbia, Canada","authors":"C. Babey, N. Gantner, J. Shrimpton","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0148","url":null,"abstract":"Predation of fish released as part of conservation aquaculture programs may undermine conservation goals. Identification of factors influencing predation, therefore, can inform management decisions that minimize predation losses. For the endangered Nechako white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836), the survival of individuals released as part of a conservation aquaculture program is threatened by river otter (Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)) predation. Through the recovery of sturgeon PIT tags from otter latrines, we set out to quantify the extent of predation, identify spatial patterns in predation including identifying predation hotspots, and understand the timing of predation. The recovery of 3.9% of PIT tags from the hatchery-released sturgeon represents a minimum predation estimate based on several identified factors. The distribution of predation hotspots varied by release cohort, with some consistent hotspots among cohorts. An apparent decrease in predation in recent years was seen in conjunction with fewer live captures and lower release numbers, suggesting some level of density dependent predation. Results from this study can be used to contribute to management decisions related to Nechako white sturgeon recovery efforts, inform further research needs, and contribute to a growing knowledge of sturgeon predation.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64234096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contractile function of fasting and digesting broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) 宽吻凯曼的禁食和消化收缩功能

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0180

A. G. Lopes, D. A. Monteiro, E. S. Vasconcelos, A. Kalinin

{"title":"Contractile function of fasting and digesting broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris)","authors":"A. G. Lopes, D. A. Monteiro, E. S. Vasconcelos, A. Kalinin","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0180","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding regimes are a critical process to ensure survival and reproduction, which modulate several behavioral and physiological patterns of ectotherms, especially cardiovascular adjustments. However, crocodilian myocardial contractile function after food intake remains understudied. We investigated the importance of ventricular myocardial contractility during digestion in the broad-snouted caiman, Caiman latirostris Daudin, 1801. Isometric ventricle preparations and Ca2+-handling protein expression were used to investigate the effects of prolonged fasting (30 days) and feeding (48 h after feeding on meals at 15% of body mass) on cardiac function. Upon feeding, there was no significant difference in relative ventricular mass. The cardiac response of the caiman to digestion was characterized by upregulation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expression and an increase in myocardial contractility (positive inotropism and lusitropism) within the physiological range of heart rate. The digesting caiman's ventricular myocardium was able to maintain faster kinetics of contraction and relaxation, allowing for significantly increased cardiac pumping capacity at higher pacing frequencies. Our results demonstrated that the myocardium of broad-snouted caimans exhibits specializations in excitation–contraction coupling, which can provide a means to support high cardiovascular performance during digestion.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43433445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Premium food for offspring? Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) diet during breeding season in eastern Canada 为后代提供优质食物?加拿大东部繁殖季节黑背啄木鸟(Picoides arcticus)的饮食

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0176

J. Tremblay, Gabriel L. Fontaine, J. Savard, Jean‐Michel Béland, C. Hébert, J. Ibarzabal

{"title":"Premium food for offspring? Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) diet during breeding season in eastern Canada","authors":"J. Tremblay, Gabriel L. Fontaine, J. Savard, Jean‐Michel Béland, C. Hébert, J. Ibarzabal","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0176","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge on the diet of the Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus Swainson, 1832) is fragmentary and relies on a limited number of studies. Gaps remain in our understanding of the plasticity of its diet, particularly in the eastern part of its range. The main objective of this study was to assess the diet of Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned and unburned habitats and among sexes and ages in Québec. We collected feces and fecal bags from unburned and burned habitats in the Central Laurentians ecoregion of the eastern boreal shield ecozone, and assessed diets based on identified prey items. Buprestidae and Cerambycidae of the subfamily Lamiinae were predominant prey for adult Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned habitats, and the Pythidae Pytho niger (Kirby, 1837) and Lamiinae were the most prevalent prey in unburned habitats. Lamiinae were the most predominant prey items provisioned to nestling in burned habitat while P. niger was their predominant food in unburned habitat, followed by Cerambycidae (without Lamiinae) and Lamiinae. Our results present new insights into Black-backed Woodpecker diet where parents feed their offspring with the largest prey available, potentially providing higher fitness for their offspring. Furthermore, our study confirms that Black-backed Woodpeckers, at least in the eastern part of its range, are not restricted to feed on Lamiinae, but are rather opportunistic in taking advantage from resource-pulse interactions provided by recently disturbed habitats, especially from recently burned habitats","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48376125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0