Canadian Journal of Zoology最新文献_第10页

Disease ecology of bats – the Canadian scene 蝙蝠的疾病生态学——加拿大的景象

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0175

C. Davy, C. Willis

{"title":"Disease ecology of bats – the Canadian scene","authors":"C. Davy, C. Willis","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0175","url":null,"abstract":"Bats are hosts to a range of pathogens, which include zoonotic pathogens and pathogens of conservation concern. Brock Fenton’s research on bat ecology has always balanced clear communication of potential health risks associated with bats and the need to communicate these risks precisely to avoid unnecessary persecution of bats. Here we integrate Brock’s work in the field of disease ecology with that of his students and collaborators and consider the potential advantages of studying disease ecology of bats within the Canadian context. The broad distribution of a few common species across the vast landscape of present-day Canada provides an opportunity to untangle the impacts of environmental variation on host-pathogen interactions and disease severity, particularly in the context of climate change. The varying migratory strategies and social structure of the bat species found in Canada could also facilitate informative inter-specific studies to better understand how bat health is affected by interactions among rapid environmental changes and the physiological traits and social behaviour of different species. We propose a series of priority research questions and approaches that could further our understanding of bat health and disease ecology in Canada, inspired by the work of Brock, his colleagues, and students.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41345386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A new species of Astyanax (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio Apiacás, rio Teles Pires basin, with a discussion on its phylogenetic position rio Teles Pires盆地rio Apiacás的一新种Astyanax（Characiformes，Characidae）及其系统发育位置的讨论

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0153

引用次数: 1

Marine and freshwater centrohelid heliozoans (Haptista: Centroplasthelida) in Canada, including taxonomic revisions and descriptions of 22 new species and subspecies 加拿大的海洋和淡水中心体动物(中心体纲:中心体纲)，包括22个新种和亚种的分类修订和描述

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0114

K. Nicholls

{"title":"Marine and freshwater centrohelid heliozoans (Haptista: Centroplasthelida) in Canada, including taxonomic revisions and descriptions of 22 new species and subspecies","authors":"K. Nicholls","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Canadian coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean as well as inland freshwater habitats in Ontario were sampled for centrohelid heliozoans (free-living heterotrophic single-celled organisms) over a period of nearly five decades. More than 60 species and subspecies were revealed, including 1 Triangulopteris, 1 Raphidocystis, 2 Pseudoraphidocystis, 3 Raineriophrys, 4 Pseudoraphidiophrys, 12 Choanocystis, 15 Pterocystis, and 25 Acanthocystis taxa. Of these, 22 were officially named and described as new to science based primarily on the morphology of the siliceous scales that cover the cell. New species were compared with images and/or descriptions of close “relatives” to validate their new species assignments. New data on five species of Acanthocystis and one species of Choanocystis required revisions of their descriptive taxonomy that in some cases resulted in the splitting off of separate species or subspecies. Very little can be concluded about global distribution of centrohelid heliozoans, owing to the paucity of records. For many of the taxa reported here, previous records consist of just one or two findings from other parts of the world. One example is Choanocystis antarctica Tikhonenkov and Mylnikov, 2011 that was previously known only from Antarctic seawater, but is reported here from an Ontario softwater lake.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45334476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Functional Histology of the Integument of the Thin-Spined Porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus. 细脊猪（Chaetomys subspinosus）表皮的功能组织学研究。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0116

D. Chapman, G. Giné, U. Roze

{"title":"Functional Histology of the Integument of the Thin-Spined Porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus.","authors":"D. Chapman, G. Giné, U. Roze","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0116","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the functional histology of thin-spined porcupine’s (Chaetomys subspinosus Olfers, 1818) quills and integument, and compares them with the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum Linnaeus, 1758) equivalents. Erethizon quills disseminate warnings to potential predators. An olfactory warning is generated by sebaceous glands of the lower back, disseminated by osmetrichial specializations of lower-back quills. Chaetomys skin lacks functional sebaceous glands, and generates no warning odor. Erethizon quills also carry a visual warning, effective even in dim light. Chaetomys quills carry no warning color. The straight, stiff quills of Erethizon are tipped with one-way barbs and can be elevated to 900. A protective collagenous spool at the base of the quill prevents back-stabbing on impact. Chaetomys quills lack barbs and the basal collagenous spool is poorly developed. The quill shafts are wavy and angled at the base, allowing them to act as shock absorbers during a fall from a tree. Nevertheless, Chaetomys quills of the head and shoulders can be elevated to 900 to function as stabbing devices. Major defensive quills of Erethizon protect the back, in Chaetomys the front. Though both species have 1–3 arrector muscles, they differ in the details of quill stabilization. The Chaetomys quill surface has regional cuticular patterns, of which the distal, longest region is highly pitted. The function of the pitted region remains a mystery.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from an area of high anthropogenic impacts in the headwaters of Rio Iguaçu, Southern Brazil 巴西南部Rio Iguaçu源头一个高人为影响地区的Cambeva新种（志留目：毛霉菌科）

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0150

R. B. Dos Reis, W. B. Wosiacki, J. Ferrer, L. Donin, W. J. da Graça

引用次数: 1

Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) spring migration in British Columbia: A comparative study of juveniles and adults 不列颠哥伦比亚省西部响尾蛇(Crotalus oreganus)春季迁徙:幼蛇和成蛇的比较研究

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0173

Chloe R. Howarth, C. Bishop, K. Larsen

{"title":"Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) spring migration in British Columbia: A comparative study of juveniles and adults","authors":"Chloe R. Howarth, C. Bishop, K. Larsen","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0173","url":null,"abstract":"In many species the spatial ecology of early age classes can differ significantly from adults. Adult Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus Holbrook, 1840) at the northern extent of their range undertake small-scale but important seasonal migrations between communal hibernacula and summer foraging and mating grounds. Mature snakes also show annual fidelity to their migratory paths, providing a useful system to examine the development of migratory behaviour. We examined and compared spring outbound migratory movements of juveniles and adults at a site in southern British Columbia, Canada, using radio-telemetry data collected between 2011 to 2016 (adult snakes) and 2021 (juvenile snakes). We found that compared to adult rattlesnakes, juveniles displayed similar directional orientation, direction of vertical migration, and path sinuosity, but initiated spring migrations later and exhibited shorter movements in terms of distances and rates. For example, juvenile straight-line migration distance (262 ±90 m) was significantly shorter than for adults (1069 ±134 m; P <0.001). We provide a starting point in attempting to understand an important question in migration – how individuals early on in their lives adopt different tactics – while contributing to our growing understanding of the complexity of patterns and variation in the movement ecology of a far-ranging snake.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43818968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Of mice, ticks and fleas: host behaviour and co-occurring parasites 老鼠、蜱和跳蚤:宿主行为和共存寄生虫

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0107

Merlin Caron-Lévesque, V. Careau

{"title":"Of mice, ticks and fleas: host behaviour and co-occurring parasites","authors":"Merlin Caron-Lévesque, V. Careau","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0107","url":null,"abstract":"Host behaviour should be a key determinant of the acquisition of “sit-and-wait” and nidicolous ectoparasitic arthropods who ambush the host in their environment and/or nest. Here, we tested the association between parasitism and individual differences in exploratory and grooming behaviours in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque, 1818), the primary host for the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) in its larval stage. During 4,333 captures of 1,035 individual mice over 5 summers (2016-2020) in Ontario, Canada, the probability and intensity of tick parasitism were both significantly higher when the mouse was also parasitized by fleas, suggesting co-occurrence of these two parasites on host mice. Distance moved by mice in a novel environment was negatively and positively affected by tick and flea parasitism, respectively. Interestingly, there was a significant “tick×flea” statistical interaction on distance moved, such that fleas were positively associated with activity/exploration only when ticks were absent. There was no relationship between grooming behaviour and parasite presence. This study suggests that co-occurring parasite species (ticks and fleas) may differentially affect their host’s behaviour depending on the presence/absence of the other parasite on the host. Alternatively, host behaviour may differentially affect individual susceptibility to being infested with ticks, fleas, or both.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45234714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrastructure of an opecoelid daughter sporocyst, Podocotyle sp. (Digenea: Opecoelidae): comparative analysis of the somatic tissues and new insights into the organization of the nervous system 足孔孢子虫卵母孢子囊的超微结构（Digenea:Opecolidae）：体细胞组织的比较分析和对神经系统组织的新见解

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0177

S. Denisova, N. Shunatova, V. Lebedenkov, S. Shchenkov

{"title":"Ultrastructure of an opecoelid daughter sporocyst, Podocotyle sp. (Digenea: Opecoelidae): comparative analysis of the somatic tissues and new insights into the organization of the nervous system","authors":"S. Denisova, N. Shunatova, V. Lebedenkov, S. Shchenkov","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0177","url":null,"abstract":"Digenea is a group of widespread parasitic flatworms with a complex life cycle including a successive change of parthenogenetic and hermaphroditic generations. Daughter sporocysts are among the least studied parthenitae in terms of the ultrastructure of their body wall and nervous system. Here we present an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study of Podocotyle sp. daughter sporocyst (Opecoelidae), parasitizing in Littorina obtusata Linnaeus, 1758 from the White Sea. Our results focus on the structure of the body wall, birth pore, excretory and nervous systems, and include new data on the taxonomic affiliation based on the partial cox1 mtDNA sequence. The daughter sporocyst of Podocotyle sp. has ultrastructural similarities with different plagiorchiid and diplostomid digeneans and also possesses some specific features. In the studied species, the birth canal is epithelialized; the body wall is composed of nine types of somatic cells and includes a well-developed central nervous system. Neurons of the latter form specific hemidesmosome-like attachment sites, which we found in digeneans for the first time. The obtained results are necessary to complement the comparative morphological analysis of daughter parthenogenetic generations in different digenean lineages.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49402205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of sanguivory in vampire bats: origins and convergences 吸血蝙蝠血牙的进化:起源与趋同

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0115

D. Riskin, G. Carter

{"title":"The evolution of sanguivory in vampire bats: origins and convergences","authors":"D. Riskin, G. Carter","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0115","url":null,"abstract":"Blood-feeding (sanguivory) has evolved more than two dozen times among birds, fishes, insects, arachnids, molluscs, crustaceans, and annelids; however, among mammals, it is restricted to the vampire bats. Here, the authors revisit the question of how it evolved in that group. Evidence to date suggests that the ancestors of phyllostomids were insectivorous, and that carnivory, omnivory, and nectarivory evolved among phyllostomids after vampire bats diverged. Frugivory likely also evolved after vampire bats diverged, but the phylogeny is ambiguous on that point. However, vampire bats lack any genetic evidence of a frugivorous past, and the behavioural progression from frugivory to sanguivory is difficult to envision. Thus, the most parsimonious scenario is that sanguivory evolved in an insectivorous ancestor to vampire bats via ectoparasite-eating, wound-feeding, or some combination of the two—all feeding habits found among blood-feeding birds today. Comparing vampire bats with other sanguivores, the authors find several remarkable examples of convergence. Further, it was found that blood-feeding has been ca. 50 times more likely to evolve in a vertebrate lineage than in an invertebrate one. The authors hypothesize that this difference exists because vertebrates are more likely than invertebrates to have the biochemical necessities required to assimilate the components of vertebrate blood.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47748635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Interpretation and application of bat diversity and phylogeny 蝙蝠多样性与系统发育的解释与应用

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0103

Elizabeth L. Clare, Burton Lim

引用次数: 0