Canadian Journal of Zoology最新文献_第3页

Moult migrant Tennessee Warblers undergo extensive stopover in peri-urban forests of southern Quebec 换毛的田纳西林莺在魁北克南部的城郊森林中进行了广泛的停留

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0109

Vanessa Poirier, Barbara Frei, Mathilde Lefvert, Ana Morales, Kyle Hamish Elliott

{"title":"Moult migrant Tennessee Warblers undergo extensive stopover in peri-urban forests of southern Quebec","authors":"Vanessa Poirier, Barbara Frei, Mathilde Lefvert, Ana Morales, Kyle Hamish Elliott","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0109","url":null,"abstract":"Stopovers are the most energy- and time-consuming events during avian migration, yet individuals of certain species make long stopovers to moult (‘moult migration’). Requiring abundant energy and a prolonged stay, moult migrants should occupy small stopover home ranges in resource-rich habitats. Understanding migrant behaviour at their stopovers is critical for implementing conservation efforts for declining Neotropical passerines. To examine the stopover timing and habitat use of one such moult migrating passerine, we radio-tagged 18 moulting and 4 post-moult Tennessee Warblers (Leiothlypis peregrina A. Wilson, 1811) at an autumn stopover site. Although our data were biased towards one sampling year, moult migrants generally arrived at the stopover site earlier (average = 2 August) than post-moult migrants (average = 12 September). Moult migrants also stayed longer (46 ± 5 days) than post-moult migrants (8 ± 6 days) and had large overlapping stopover home ranges (~15 ha) that were dependent on high abundance of forest (%) and forest edge (m). We conclude that Tennessee Warblers occupied forested stopover sites within a peri-urban landscape where they successfully moulted before continuing migration. This study illustrates the importance of including stopover sites in conservation plans, particularly in cities where quality habitats are scarce.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135728937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Density estimates of unmarked mammals: Comparing two models and assumptions across multiple species and years. 未标记哺乳动物的密度估计:跨多个物种和年份比较两种模型和假设。

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0055

Jason Thomas Fisher, Melanie Dickie, Joanna Burgar, Cole Burton, Robert D Serrouya

{"title":"Density estimates of unmarked mammals: Comparing two models and assumptions across multiple species and years.","authors":"Jason Thomas Fisher, Melanie Dickie, Joanna Burgar, Cole Burton, Robert D Serrouya","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0055","url":null,"abstract":"Density estimation is a key goal in ecology, but accurate estimates for unmarked animals remain elusive. Camera-trap data can bridge this gap, but accuracy, precision, and concordance varies among estimators. We compared estimates from unmarked spatial capture-recapture (spatial count, SC) models, and Time In Front of Camera (TIFC) models, for four large mammal species in boreal Canada. Species differed in movement rates, behaviours, and sociality – traits related to model assumptions. TIFC densities typically exceeded SC model estimates for all species. Two- to five-fold differences between estimators were common. SC estimates were annually stable for moose and caribou, but not for white-tailed deer. TIFC estimates showed high annual variation in some species, sites, and years, and consistency in others. Both models often produced imprecise estimates. Estimates varied from DNA- and aerial survey-based estimates. We contend models diverge, or implausibly vary, due to violations of model assumptions incurred by animal behavior. Gregarious animals pose challenges to SC whereas curious animals pose challenges for TIFC models. Simulations can help unravel the role of assumption violations in affecting accuracy of estimates, but field applications across species and landscapes help interpret the outcomes of estimating density from simulated data.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are juveniles full-scale replicas of adults? Evaluation of anuran special locomotion and digging adaptations during and after metamorphosis 青少年是成年的完整复制品吗?变态期间和变态后的无尾猿特殊运动和挖掘适应性评价

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0077

Luísa de Paula Reis, Jessica Fratani, María Laura Ponssa

{"title":"Are juveniles full-scale replicas of adults? Evaluation of anuran special locomotion and digging adaptations during and after metamorphosis","authors":"Luísa de Paula Reis, Jessica Fratani, María Laura Ponssa","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Many species of anurans display special mechanical abilities, such as excavation and climbing. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of traits that are associated with these special mechanical abilities, under the hypothesis that these structures attain their configuration during the juvenile stages of development. We examined specimens from four different species of Leptodactylidae and six species of Hylidae. For the digging behavior, we evaluated the progress of calcification in the anterior region of the skulls, as well as the development of the snout-ridge. To assess climbing ability, we examined the ossification rate, the variation in the shape of the phalanx, the progress of the offset angle, and the distance between the terminal phalanx and the penultimate phalange of finger IV. The ossification of the skull and phalanges, along with the development of the snout-ridge, progresses and reaches completion during the juvenile phase of ontogeny, suggesting that at the time of metamorphosis, individuals are not yet full-scale replicas of the adults. The shape and the mechanical characteristics of terminal phalanges are already established by the conclusion of metamorphosis, revealing intriguing distinctions among arboreal species with walking and jumping locomotion.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution and characterization of nematodes in above-ground microhabitats on a natural pristine cedar forest in Yakushima Island, Japan 日本屋久岛天然原始杉林地上微生境线虫的分布与特征

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0107

Yudai Kitagami, Yosuke Matsuda

{"title":"Distribution and characterization of nematodes in above-ground microhabitats on a natural pristine cedar forest in Yakushima Island, Japan","authors":"Yudai Kitagami, Yosuke Matsuda","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0107","url":null,"abstract":"Nematode communities in natural pristine forests composed of trees aged over a thousand years have not been thoroughly studied. Old-growth forests can provide diverse microhabitats for nematodes such as fallen trees with mossy conditions. This study aimed to characterize the community and trophic compositions of nematodes in relation to different microhabitats in old-growth Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica (Lf) D.Don) forests in Yakushima Island, Japan. To this aim, nematodes retrieved from four different types of microhabitats were morphologically identified at the family/genus level and divided into five trophic groups. A non-metric multidimensional scaling scatterplot showed that nematode communities clustered significantly in each microhabitat and their community compositions were significantly affected by C/N ratio. With respect to nematode trophic composition, bacterivorous nematodes dominated decaying barks of fallen trees, with a relative abundance of 45%, while fungivorous nematodes were dominant in living barks of cedar trunks (61%). Predatory-omnivorous nematodes predominated in mosses of fallen trees (51%). These results showed that nematode community and trophic composition were different among microhabitats characterized by nutrient conditions. The predatory-omnivorous nematodes were abundant in mosses with N-rich conditions. In contrast, fungivorous nematodes were abundant in cedar trunks with high C/N conditions. Thus, old-growth natural forests can provide diverse microhabitats where various nematode taxa coexist due to the presence of fallen trees and mosses.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"166 3-4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field observations of the movements of locally adapted Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) living in zero and sub-zero centigrade temperatures for half the year 实地观察当地适应的大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)在零度和零度以下的温度下生活半年

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0067

John M. Green, Dustin Schornagel, Khanh Nguyen, Curtis Pennell, Corey Morris

{"title":"Field observations of the movements of locally adapted Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) living in zero and sub-zero centigrade temperatures for half the year","authors":"John M. Green, Dustin Schornagel, Khanh Nguyen, Curtis Pennell, Corey Morris","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) can experience mortality at sub-zero (<0°C) temperatures in ice-infested waters, and many populations migrate to deeper and warmer areas during winter. An exception is the resident population in Gilbert Bay, Labrador, which annually experiences six months of sub-zero temperatures. We used the VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) to estimate fish locations to determine depth utilization, and seasonal movements of tagged Gilbert Bay cod ranging in size from 43 to 75 cm. This is the first study to directly monitor the movements of adult Atlantic cod for extended periods (months) in sub-zero temperatures. Gilbert Bay cod remained active under an ice-covered surface during the six months of sub-zero temperatures. During both warm (>0°C) and cold (≤0°C) periods, fish spent similar amounts of time not moving, moving slowly, and moving at medium and fast rates. They tended to utilize shallow depths, <10 m, beneath surface ice during winter, while utilizing deeper depths as well during other times of the year. Surprisingly, fish that resided within our tracking array year-round had greater cumulative swimming distances during sub-zero periods compared to warmer periods. No tracked fish died during winter further highlighting the cold-adaptiveness of this population, and its importance to biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contemporary hybridization between female mule deer and male white-tailed deer in west Texas differs from the hypothesized sex mating patterns recovered from ancient hybridization events 得克萨斯西部雌骡鹿和雄白尾鹿的当代杂交不同于从古代杂交事件中恢复的假设的性交配模式

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0082

Emily Wright, Jacob Bayouth, Joseph Bayouth, Asha Worsham, Grant McDaniel, Tess Hollinger, Vivienne Lacy, Emma Johnston, David Pipkin, Emma Roberts, Robert D. Bradley

{"title":"Contemporary hybridization between female mule deer and male white-tailed deer in west Texas differs from the hypothesized sex mating patterns recovered from ancient hybridization events","authors":"Emily Wright, Jacob Bayouth, Joseph Bayouth, Asha Worsham, Grant McDaniel, Tess Hollinger, Vivienne Lacy, Emma Johnston, David Pipkin, Emma Roberts, Robert D. Bradley","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0082","url":null,"abstract":"Introgressive hybridization between members of Odocoileus was examined using the mitochondrial cytochrome-b (maternal marker) and paternal sex-determining region Y ( Sry) genes. Eight out of 130 free-ranging individuals from the Panhandle and Trans-Pecos regions of Texas were determined to possess the mitochondrial haplotype of mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)) and the paternal haplotype of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus Rafinesque, 1832). Results indicated that hybridization between deer species in Texas (6.15%) was more broadly distributed than previously reported. Previous studies demonstrated that ancient hybridization events (1.32 mya) involved the capture of the white-tailed deer mitochondrial genome by mule deer, indicating a male mule deer × a female white-tailed deer directionality relevant to hybridization. Alternatively, contemporary hybridization events indicated a reversal in directionality and suggested a cross between a female mule deer × a male white-tailed deer. The Sry gene and species assignment based on morphological characters consistently were in agreement. Further, phylogenetic relationships between Odocoileus virginianus couesi and Odocoileus hemionus eremicus warrant additional investigation as recent hybridization (>200 years) may be a mechanism that allowed these two subspecies to evolve a unique evolutionary trajectory.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing whole body and red muscle mitochondrial respiration in an active teleost fish, Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) 活动硬骨鱼布鲁克鳟鱼(Salvelinus fontinalis)全身和红肌线粒体呼吸的比较

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0045

Travis Durhack, Melanie Aminot, Jason Treberg, Eva Enders

{"title":"Comparing whole body and red muscle mitochondrial respiration in an active teleost fish, Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)","authors":"Travis Durhack, Melanie Aminot, Jason Treberg, Eva Enders","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how metabolic costs change in relation to increasing temperature under future climate changes is important to predict how ectotherms will be affected across the globe. In fish, whole body respiration is traditionally used to estimate aerobic performance via an organism’s minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rates. However, mitochondria play a crucial role in the aerobic cascade and may be a useful surrogate of aerobic performance. To test whether whole body oxygen consumption and mitochondrial capacity are correlated, we estimated whole body metabolic and mitochondrial respiration rates (using permeabilized red muscle fibres) in brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)) at 10, 15, and 20 °C. Standard metabolic rate increased with acclimation temperature, while maximum rates were less sensitive. All mitochondrial respiration rates increased with acclimation temperature, suggesting that red muscle mitochondrial preparations may correlate to the minimal metabolic demands in this species. When expressed as relative rates of electron flow, the red muscle fibres showed no effect of temperature on mitochondrial coupling efficiency. However, there was a pattern of declining capacity to augment respiration via complex II with increasing temperature with a concomitant increase in the capacity of the phosphorylating system relative to maximal rates of mitochondrial electron flow.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135534634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN REPRODUCTIVE AND SOMATIC EFFORTS OF FEMALE COLUMBIAN GROUND SQUIRRELS 雌性哥伦比亚地松鼠生殖和躯体努力的表型可塑性

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0108

F. Stephen Dobson, Claire Saraux, Vincent A. Viblanc

{"title":"PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN REPRODUCTIVE AND SOMATIC EFFORTS OF FEMALE COLUMBIAN GROUND SQUIRRELS","authors":"F. Stephen Dobson, Claire Saraux, Vincent A. Viblanc","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0108","url":null,"abstract":"Phenotypic plasticity of life-history traits is well known among vertebrate species. We estimated reproductive and somatic efforts of female Columbian ground squirrels ( Urocitellus columbianus (Ord, 1815)) to test for plasticity of these important resource allocations. We examined a 27-year dataset of life-history traits on these long-living (8–10 years), hibernating, montane-living mammals. Environmental variation was estimated from two important traits of mothers, their relative timing of breeding and spring maternal body mass (initial “capital” for use in subsequent reproduction). Results from 183 known-aged mothers and 508 litters revealed considerable variation in the relative timing of breeding, initial maternal mass, and reproductive and somatic efforts, as well as significant variation among ages and years. Results from 125 mothers that reproduced more than once (and 450 litters) revealed significant plasticity of reproductive and somatic efforts with respect to relative timing of breeding and spring maternal mass. A within-subject centering statistical approach showed that phenotypically plastic reproductive and somatic efforts were due to variation within individuals, but were not always reflected by the pattern of responses among individuals in the population. The plastic responses of different mothers appeared to be similar in strength.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135534946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental manipulation of perceived predation risk alters survival, cause of death, and demographic patterns in juvenile snowshoe hares 感知捕食风险的实验操作改变了幼年雪鞋兔的生存、死亡原因和人口统计学模式

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0046

Jacob L. Seguin, Melanie R. Boudreau, Sophia Lavergne, Ryan Lamoureux, Charles J. Krebs, Rudy Boonstra

{"title":"Experimental manipulation of perceived predation risk alters survival, cause of death, and demographic patterns in juvenile snowshoe hares","authors":"Jacob L. Seguin, Melanie R. Boudreau, Sophia Lavergne, Ryan Lamoureux, Charles J. Krebs, Rudy Boonstra","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Perceived predation risk alters prey behaviour and physiology, but few studies have examined downstream consequences on prey demography in wild populations. Perceived predation risk could alter adult reproductive performance via reduced investment in offspring quality and post-birth care. We manipulated perceived predation risk in snowshoe hare ( Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) by exposing pregnant mothers to chases by a domestic dog ( Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758). Litter size was comparable between risk-augmented and control groups, but treated females had more stillbirths and gave birth to leverets of lower body condition. Leverets from risk-augmented females had 88% higher 40-day mortality rate. Maternally preventable causes of death like starvation or predation by red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben, 1777)) caused this difference, particularly during the nursing period. Risk-augmented mothers were always more active than controls, but the difference was greatest during the nursing period. We found that perceived predation risk reduces maternal productivity pre- and post-partum, implying downstream consequences to populations. Because our treatment ended before parturition, we can link offspring performance such as survival and behaviour specifically to maternal life-history trade-offs, which has not been shown in a wild mammal.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two large structure-forming sponges from opposite North American coasts: a taxonomic review of Arctic–Pacific Mycale (Mycale) loveni and the description of a new Arctic–Atlantic Mycale 来自北美相对海岸的两种大型结构形成海绵:北极-太平洋mycali (mycali) loveni的分类综述和一种新的北极-大西洋mycali的描述

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0011

C. Dinn, Bruce Ott, Mariève Bouchard Marmen, Royce Steeves, Geneviève Côté, Vonda Hayes, C. Nozères, Meredith V. Everett, Abigail Powell, Jackson W.F. Chu

引用次数: 0