Canadian Journal of Zoology最新文献_第2页

Diet flexibility in three harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.): effects of grazing and natural variations in the availability of seeds 三种收获蚁(Pogonomyrmex spp.)的饮食灵活性:放牧和种子有效性自然变化的影响

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0145

Maria Florencia Miretti, Rodrigo Pol, Lucia Vullo, Ana Laura Cao, Luis Marone, Javier Lopez de Casenave

{"title":"Diet flexibility in three harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.): effects of grazing and natural variations in the availability of seeds","authors":"Maria Florencia Miretti, Rodrigo Pol, Lucia Vullo, Ana Laura Cao, Luis Marone, Javier Lopez de Casenave","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0145","url":null,"abstract":"The study of diet and its relationship with available resources allows us to evaluate how species that differ in their degree of ecological flexibility respond to natural and anthropogenic variations that affect food availability. In the central Monte desert, extensive cattle ranching reduces the abundance of grass seeds, the most consumed and preferred food by the harvester ants Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, 1914, P. mendozanus (Cuezzo & Claver, 2009), and P. propinqua (Johnson, 2021). We studied the diet of these species in grazed and ungrazed habitats over four years, including a period during which the abundance of grass seeds naturally decreased. We expected that ants would modify their diet in grazed sites and that the response would be different among species depending on their ecological flexibility. The three species presented a mainly granivorous diet in both grazing conditions and during the four years, but showed differences in the breadth of their diet. Pogonomyrmex inermis and P. propinqua always had a narrow diet that consisted mainly of grass seeds, while P. mendozanus modified its diet to include higher proportions of shrub seeds and other items when the abundance of grass seed decreased. In a scenario of scarce resources, this flexibility could represent an advantage over a more strict graminivorous diet.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"83 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brown bear (Ursus arctos) foraging in a mosaic of spatially discrete and variable habitats over 25 years of shifting Pacific salmon densities 棕熊(Ursus arctos)觅食在一个马赛克的空间离散和变化的栖息地超过25年的太平洋鲑鱼密度的变化

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0178

Katherine Nicole McElroy, Ray Hilborn, Curry Cunningham, Thomas P. Quinn

{"title":"Brown bear (Ursus arctos) foraging in a mosaic of spatially discrete and variable habitats over 25 years of shifting Pacific salmon densities","authors":"Katherine Nicole McElroy, Ray Hilborn, Curry Cunningham, Thomas P. Quinn","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0178","url":null,"abstract":"Many foraging models assume “perfect information” and “free movement” when describing predator foraging behavior, although this is rare in nature. Here we quantified predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos, (Linnaeus, 1758)) on adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, (Walbaum, 1792)) in a series of spatially proximate ponds that largely satisfied both assumptions. Salmon abundance varied among years but pond area and depth were fixed, allowing us to examine interactions between prey abundance and habitat features. We applied versions of two models to 25 years of data on the number and proportion of salmon killed by bears, modifying these models to include habitat features and temporal variability. The functional response model with a year effect fit the data well, indicating bears could take almost all salmon in ponds when salmon were scarce, but bears were sated when salmon were abundant. The proportion of salmon killed by bears was similar across habitats after correcting for pond depth and area. Overall, bears foraged across all habitats, but killed higher proportions of salmon in smaller and shallower habitats, consistent with ease of capture.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"4 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining two user-friendly machine learning tools increases species detection from acoustic recordings 结合两种用户友好的机器学习工具，增加了从录音中检测物种的能力

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0154

Cristian Pérez-Granados, Mariano J. Feldman, Marc J. Mazerolle

{"title":"Combining two user-friendly machine learning tools increases species detection from acoustic recordings","authors":"Cristian Pérez-Granados, Mariano J. Feldman, Marc J. Mazerolle","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0154","url":null,"abstract":"Passive acoustic monitoring usually generates large datasets that require machine learning algorithms to scan sound files, although the complexity of developing machine learning algorithms can be a barrier. We assessed the ability and speed of two user-friendly machine learning tools, Kaleidoscope Pro and BirdNET, for detecting the American toad (Anaxyrus americanus, (Holbrook, 1836)) in sound recordings. We developed a two-step approach combining both tools to maximize species detection while minimizing the time needed for output verification. When considered separately, Kaleidoscope Pro successfully detected the American toad in 85.9% of recordings in the validation dataset, while BirdNET detected the species in 58.4% of recordings. Combining the two tools in the two-step approach increased the detection rate to 93.3%. We applied the two-step approach to a large acoustic dataset (n = 6,194 recordings). We started by scanning the dataset using Kaleidoscope Pro (species detected in 417 recordings), then we used BirdNET on the remaining recordings without confirmed presence. The two-step approach reduced the scanning time, the time needed for output verification, and added 37 additional species detections in 45 minutes. Our findings highlight that combining machine learning tools can improve species detectability while minimizing time and effort.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variation in spatiotemporal activity may reduce competitive interactions between invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) and native mammal species 时空活动的变化可能会减少入侵野猪(Sus scrofa)与本地哺乳动物物种之间的竞争性相互作用

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0145

Brendan Carswell, Sean P Boyle, Ryan K. Brook, Floris M van Beest, Eric Vander Wal

引用次数: 0

Population growth rates of pronghorn: influence of temporally and spatially explicit conditions, density dependence, and scale 叉角羚种群增长率:时空显性条件、密度依赖性和尺度的影响

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0113

Eric Gese, Cole A. Bleke, Shane B. Roberts, Paul Atwood, Pat Terletzky

{"title":"Population growth rates of pronghorn: influence of temporally and spatially explicit conditions, density dependence, and scale","authors":"Eric Gese, Cole A. Bleke, Shane B. Roberts, Paul Atwood, Pat Terletzky","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0113","url":null,"abstract":"Density-independent and density-dependent population regulation has long been a subject of investigation. We examined density-dependent and density-independent factors on growth rates of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana (Ord, 1815)) using a retrospective analysis of population survey data. Across Idaho, we found as the proportion of the subpopulation harvested the previous year increased, growth rates increased. Similarly, as fawn recruitment increased, growth rates increased. We also found when the growth rate in the previous year increased, the growth rate the subsequent year decreased. When subpopulations were examined independently, we found in a low-elevation desert subpopulation, growth rates were influenced by growth the previous year. In an agricultural-dominated site, growth rates were influenced by fawn recruitment in the current year and maximum temperature the previous fall. Growth rates in a mid-elevation shrub-steppe site were influenced by drought severity prior to parturition and the growth rates from the previous year. Growth rates in two mountain valley subpopulations were influenced by measures of vegetative greenness. At the statewide scale, while managers may strive for increased numbers of pronghorn, density dependence will limit the ability for a region-wide numerical response. On the localized scale, drivers of growth were temporally and spatially-explicit, and biologists must consider site-specific actions.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"79 S50","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Size at first maturity on the mussel Mytilus platensis d’Orbigny, 1842 at the Southwest Atlantic 1842年大西洋西南贻贝(Mytilus platensis d 'Orbigny)刚成熟时的大小

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0070

Maria Celeste Yuvero, Maria Eugenia Torroglosa, Betina J. Lomovasky, Juliana Gimenez

{"title":"Size at first maturity on the mussel Mytilus platensis d’Orbigny, 1842 at the Southwest Atlantic","authors":"Maria Celeste Yuvero, Maria Eugenia Torroglosa, Betina J. Lomovasky, Juliana Gimenez","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"The size at first maturity of the bivalve Mytilus platensis d’Orbigny, 1842 was estimated in the intertidal population of Villa Gesell (37° 15'S; 56° 57'W), Buenos Aires, Argentina. We hypothesize a variation in population maturity associated with shell length (SL) and differences between females and males. Individuals were analyzed histologically, sexed (females and males), and classified as mature and immature. We carried out a Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to allow us to visualize the distribution of the classifications based on the SL and used a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to study the size at first sexual maturity for the population and between sexes. Our results showed immature specimens with reduced development in acini and expanded connective tissue. Mature males and females showed the acini expanded and filled with vitellogenic oocytes and spermatozoa, respectively. The size at first sexual maturity at which 50% of the population was mature (SL50) was 11.80 mm SL for all population, while SL50 was 11.42 mm in females and 10.83 mm in males. We determined significant interaction between SL and sex (p < 0.05). We conclude that the knowledge of the reproductive aspects in intertidal populations is essential for the development of a potential fishing resource.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"83 1‐4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oocyte development, packing in the ovary, and spawning pattern of squid Lolliguncula panamensis in the Mexican South Pacific 墨西哥南太平洋鱿鱼的卵母细胞发育、卵巢内包装和产卵模式

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0124

Hugo Guzmán Intzin, Carmen Alejo-Plata, Miguel Angel del Rio Portilla, Saúl Serrano Guzmán, Pedro Cervantes-Hernández

{"title":"Oocyte development, packing in the ovary, and spawning pattern of squid Lolliguncula panamensis in the Mexican South Pacific","authors":"Hugo Guzmán Intzin, Carmen Alejo-Plata, Miguel Angel del Rio Portilla, Saúl Serrano Guzmán, Pedro Cervantes-Hernández","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0124","url":null,"abstract":"Squid Lolliguncula panamensis (Hoyle, 1904) is of commercial and ecological importance in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (southeastern Mexico). This study examines the mode of oocyte development, packing in the ovary, and spawning pattern of this understudied species. L. panamensis presents a synchronous oocyte growth in batches, with multiple spawning, with the presence of post-ovulatory follicles and atretic follicles, including the constant presence of pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes. The size frequencies of oocytes of ripe ovaries exhibit a pronounced morphological and size separation between the late yolk stage and mature oocytes, suggesting that the oocytes pass through this size range very fast. These oocytes adopt a geometrical shape that makes their packing efficient for spawning. One three-dimensional packing of vitellogenic oocytes (scutoid type) in the ovary was observed. The results of our study suggest that the spawning behavior of L. panamensis may constitute an opportunistic reproductive strategy in which individuals present multiple spawning over a brief period. We suggest that this strategy might be a response to complex regional oceanographic conditions of the Gulf of Tehuantepec.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overwintering site fidelity and communal hibernation predispose Northern Map Turtles to mass mortality events 越冬地点的保真度和集体冬眠使北地龟易发生大规模死亡事件

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0127

Grégory Bulté, Jessica A. Robichaud, Erika J. Shadlock, Steven J. Cooke, Gabriel Blouin-Demers

{"title":"Overwintering site fidelity and communal hibernation predispose Northern Map Turtles to mass mortality events","authors":"Grégory Bulté, Jessica A. Robichaud, Erika J. Shadlock, Steven J. Cooke, Gabriel Blouin-Demers","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0127","url":null,"abstract":"Mass mortality events appear to be increasing in intensity and frequency, so understanding their causes and consequences is imperative for wildlife conservation. We report on a mass mortality event in a population of Northern Map Turtles ( Graptemys geographica (LeSueur, 1817)). At a communal overwintering site, 142 carcasses (ca. 10% of population) were recovered, seemingly depredated by river otters ( Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)). We compared the size and sex of the carcasses to those of turtles that survived. Smaller turtles and males were more likely to be depredated than larger turtles and females. Using captures made at the same overwintering site between 2003 and 2022, we assessed the vulnerability of this population to mass mortality events during winter. Nearly 60% of the 1875 turtles marked between 2003 and 2022 used the overwintering site where the mass mortality event occurred at least once. On average, turtles overwintered at the site at least 38% of the winters between their first and last capture. Our study shows how behaviour and physiology interact to predispose a species to mass mortality events and ecological traps. Protecting overwintering sites and minimizing human pressures affecting winter depredation may be essential for the preservation of certain turtle populations.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of feeding history on metabolic rate of largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans): implications for bioenergetics models 摄食史对黑鲈代谢率的影响:对生物能量学模型的影响

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0047

Steven H. Ranney, Steven R. Chipps, David H. Wahl

{"title":"Effect of feeding history on metabolic rate of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus nigricans</i>): implications for bioenergetics models","authors":"Steven H. Ranney, Steven R. Chipps, David H. Wahl","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic rate is a key parameter in fish energy budgets that strongly influences the output of bioenergetics models. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that metabolic rate varies with growth history of age-1 largemouth bass Micropterus nigricans Cuvier, 1828. Two groups of fish were fed alternating maintenance or ad libitum rations of fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820, so that over a 9-week period, initial and ending size of fish was similar. After 9 weeks, oxygen consumption was measured using static, closed respirometry. Although final body weight was similar between the two groups (means, 104–108 g), specific oxygen consumption for fish fed maintenance rations (0.094 mg O 2 g −2 h −1 ) was 38% less than that measured for fish fed ad libitum (0.152 mg O 2 g −2 h −1 ). Bioenergetics estimates of food consumption were similar to observed values for fish fed ad libitum (∼7% error), but for fish fed maintenance rations, the model overestimated food consumption by 65%. By accounting for changes in metabolic rate owing to reduced feeding, error in model estimates of food consumption was reduced. These findings shed new insight into factors associated with consumption-dependent error in bioenergetics models and highlight the importance of feeding history on metabolic rate of fish. Incorporating growth-dependent metabolism into bioenergetics models can improve model accuracy and allow fisheries biologists to make more informed decisions regarding fish growth and energetics.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do latitude and urban heat islands affect monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larval melanisation? 纬度和城市热岛如何影响黑脉金斑蝶(Danaus plexippus)幼虫黑化?

4区生物学

Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0099

Rohab Batool, Juriyah Jenan, Madeline Schuster, Rosalind L Murray

引用次数: 0