Microbiome research reports最新文献

{"title":"Effect of a polyphenol-rich dietary pattern on subjects aged ≥ 60 years with higher levels of inflammatory markers: insights into microbiome and metabolome.","authors":"Giorgio Gargari, Tomas Meroño, Gregorio Peron, Cristian Del Bo', Mirko Marino, Antonio Cherubini, Cristina Andres-Lacueva, Paul Antony Kroon, Patrizia Riso, Simone Guglielmetti","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.33","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Aging may be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation (\"inflammaging\") and gut microbiome alterations. Dietary polyphenols have been proposed as modulators of these processes. This study aimed to explore the effects of a polyphenol-rich diet (PR-diet) on inflammatory markers, gut microbiota, and metabolomic profiles in subjects aged ≥ 60 years stratified by baseline inflammation levels. <b>Methods:</b> In this post-hoc analysis of the MaPLE (Microbiome mAnipulation through Polyphenols for managing Leakiness in the Elderly) randomized crossover trial, 50 subjects aged ≥ 60 years were categorized into two subgroups: high inflammation (cH) and low inflammation (cL). Participants received a PR-diet or a control diet for 8 weeks, with a washout period in between. Fecal, blood, and urine samples were analyzed using shallow shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics. <b>Results:</b> The PR-diet was associated with a significant reduction in key inflammatory markers [e.g., interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein] in the cH group. Distinct microbial shifts were observed, including an increase in <i>Blautia</i> and <i>Dorea</i> and a modest improvement in microbial diversity in cH subjects. Metabolomic analysis revealed group-specific changes, notably in polyphenol-derived metabolites. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings suggest that PR-diets may beneficially modulate inflammation and the gut microbial ecosystem in subjects aged ≥ 60 years with elevated baseline inflammation. Stratification by inflammatory status may improve the targeting and personalization of dietary interventions to support healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12702650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to dissect the vitamin biosynthetic network of the gut microbiota.","authors":"Chiara Tarracchini, Francesca Bottacini, Leonardo Mancabelli, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Francesca Turroni, Douwe van Sinderen, Marco Ventura, Christian Milani","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.66","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>B-group vitamins and vitamin K are essential micronutrients required for numerous cellular processes in both microbial and human physiology. While traditionally considered to originate predominantly from dietary sources, the biosynthetic capacity of the human gut microbiota has recently been recognized as a valuable, though historically underappreciated, endogenous source of these vitamins. In particular, the microbial contribution to the host vitamin pool is increasingly acknowledged as a functionally relevant aspect of vitamin homeostasis, especially in the colon, where microbiota-derived vitamins may be absorbed via specific transport mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the biosynthesis of B-group vitamins and vitamin K by human gut-associated bacteria, with particular emphasis on key methodologies employed to assess if, how and to what extent members of the gut microbiota supply their host with such micronutrients. Through an integrated overview of available evidence, we highlight both the progress made and the outstanding challenges in elucidating the microbial contribution to the host vitamin metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 4","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12702654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative insulin resistance and the intestinal microbiota: mechanisms and research advances.","authors":"Feng Lin, Minzhi Sun, Xiao Yuan, Yujie Cai, Wenjing Chen, Siyu Liu, Zhipeng He","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.54","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postoperative insulin resistance (PIR) is a common metabolic complication that significantly affects patient recovery and long-term outcomes. Recent studies have revealed a robust association between the gut microbiota and PIR, underscoring the potential role of microbial communities in modulating insulin sensitivity. In this comprehensive review, we synthesize current literature on the interplay between PIR and the gut microbiota, delve into the underlying mechanisms linking the two, and provide an overview of recent research progress in this field. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may influence PIR through mechanisms involving metabolic endotoxins, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and other metabolites. Overall, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of PIR. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for developing PIR intervention strategies based on microbiome regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage therapy as a revitalized weapon for treating clinical diseases.","authors":"Yingjie Wang, Yamei Yu","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.31","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, coupled with the diminishing efficacy of antibiotics, has reinvigorated interest in bacteriophage (phage) therapy as a promising alternative, leveraging its unique bactericidal mechanisms and precise targeting capabilities. Concurrently, phage display technology has advanced tumor diagnostics and targeted drug delivery through high-throughput peptide screening. This review systematically evaluates the mechanisms, strategies, and clinical progress of phage-based applications in anti-infective and oncological therapies. Clinical evidence highlights its efficacy against respiratory, oral, wound, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections, alongside solid tumors. However, challenges persist, including limited host range, bacterial resistance, immunogenicity, inefficient delivery systems, and regulatory uncertainties. Future efforts should prioritize AI-driven phage optimization, standardized pharmacokinetic assessment, and interdisciplinary collaboration to accelerate clinical translation. Despite current limitations, phage therapy represents a transformative and scalable approach for combating antimicrobial resistance and advancing precision oncology, positioning it as a pivotal tool in addressing global health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABA-producing <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> alleviates gut dysfunction and neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with irritable bowel syndrome.","authors":"Zhiying Jin, Mengyu Chen, Lanxi Ao, Jingyu Wang, Jingge Sun, Xin Qian, Peijun Tian, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.56","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.56","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> This study aimed to screen <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> strains with varying gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production and evaluate their effects on intestinal dysfunction and neurobehavioral abnormalities in an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) mouse model, with a focus on GABAergic signaling and dose-dependent mechanisms. <b>Methods:</b> Three <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> strains were selected based on GABA yield and genetic analysis. IBS was induced in mice via <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> infection and water avoidance stress. Intestinal integrity, inflammation, histopathology, and behavior were assessed. GABA levels in the colon and serum were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). GABA receptor subunit expression in the colon, hippocampus, and amygdala was analyzed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. <b>Results:</b> GABA-producing strains alleviated intestinal dysfunction in IBS mice by reducing <i>IL-6</i> gene expression and iNOS activity, upregulating <i>CLDN2</i>, and improving tissue integrity. Anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive deficits were also attenuated. Colonic GABA levels, <i>GABRA13</i> mRNA, and GABRA3 protein expression increased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas TRPV1 mRNA and TRPV1 protein levels were downregulated. Serum GABA remained unchanged. In the central nervous system, the expression of hippocampal GABA_A and GABA_B receptors was elevated, with both <i>GABRA13</i> mRNA and GABRA3 protein levels positively correlating with colonic GABA concentrations. <i>GABRA15</i> expression was upregulated in the amygdala. <b>Conclusion:</b> GABA-producing <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> effectively alleviates IBS-related intestinal dysfunction and neurobehavioral abnormalities by coordinately modulating GABAergic signaling in both the gut and the central nervous system, exhibiting a clear dose-dependent effect across multiple key phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of a novel strain <i>Streptococcus oralis CRC211</i> from colorectal tumor.","authors":"Yunjie Shi, Ling Liu, Jing Wu, Minxin Gao, Kaiwen Sheng, Weiliang Hou, Xu Li, Hao Wang","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.41","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> This study provides a comprehensive genomic characterization of <i>Streptococcus oralis CRC211</i>, a novel bacterial strain isolated from colorectal tumor tissue. <b>Methods:</b> Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses were performed. <b>Results:</b> The high-quality assembled genome (15.03 Mb, 40.94% guanine-cytosine content) contains 2 prophage regions spanning 160.5 kb, which may facilitate the horizontal transfer of virulence genes. Functional annotation identified 3,674 genes, with significant enrichment in metabolic pathways (amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism) and virulence factors (116 genes in Virulence Factors Batabase), including adhesins and biofilm-associated proteins that likely promote tumor colonization. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that <i>CRC211</i> shares 92.29% average nucleotide identity with reference <i>Streptococcus oralis strains</i>, while pan-genome analysis demonstrated an open genome structure with 1,222 conserved core genes. In addition, the strain also carries 75 antimicrobial resistance genes, underscoring its potential clinical relevance. Notably, the genomic profile indicates adaptations for nutrient acquisition and immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings establish <i>CRC211</i> as a colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated strain with distinct genomic features that may contribute to tumor progression. The study provides critical insights into its possible oncogenic mechanisms and highlights potential applications in mic ases,indels - changerobiota-based diagnostics or therapeutics for colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic applications of bifidobacteria in poultry: administration methods and microencapsulation techniques.","authors":"Eloy Argañaraz-Martínez, María Cristina Apella, Adriana Perez Chaia, Jaime Daniel Babot","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.64","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The search for sustainable alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production has intensified in recent years, driven by global concerns over antimicrobial resistance and consumer demand for safer food systems. Among the probiotic candidates investigated, <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. stand out for their well-documented safety, immunomodulatory properties, and ability to enhance gut health. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the biological roles, delivery strategies, and microencapsulation techniques for <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. as probiotics in poultry. Bifidobacteria contribute to poultry health by modulating the gut microbiota, improving intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity, and regulating immune responses through cytokine balance and epithelial barrier reinforcement. However, their strict anaerobic metabolism and sensitivity to gastric acid and processing conditions limit their viability during conventional administration. To address these challenges, we examine various administration routes, including oral, <i>in ovo</i>, spray/litter, and cloacal methods, highlighting their practical advantages and constraints. Special attention is given to microencapsulation technologies, such as spray drying, freeze drying, spray chilling, extrusion, and emulsion, which protect bifidobacteria from environmental stress and enhance their delivery to target intestinal sites. By integrating recent advances in biotechnology and delivery systems, this review underscores the potential of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. as functional feed additives in antibiotic-free poultry production. Tailoring encapsulation materials and administration routes to match specific production goals is key to maximizing probiotic efficacy. Continued research on strain performance under commercial conditions will be essential to facilitate their large-scale application in sustainable poultry farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated regulation of fat deposition and metabolic disorders.","authors":"Xiaoyan Cui, Qianwen Yuan, Jiali Long, Jiaxin Zhou","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.25","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota critically regulates lipid metabolism through microbial metabolites and host signaling pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from dietary fiber fermentation, suppress hepatic lipogenesis via inhibition of SREBP-1c and enhance mitochondrial β-oxidation through GPR41/43 activation. Microbial enzymes convert primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, which activate FXR to inhibit lipogenesis and TGR5 to promote adipose thermogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from dysbiotic microbiota triggers TLR4-NF-κB signaling, exacerbating insulin resistance and adipose inflammation. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), metabolized by gut microbes, drive adipogenesis via mTORC1-PPARγ signaling, with elevated circulating BCAAs linked to obesity. In livestock, microbiota modulation optimizes fat deposition: probiotics in pigs enhance intramuscular fat via <i>Lactobacillus</i>-enriched communities, while dietary succinate or coated sodium propionate reduces abdominal fat in broilers by reshaping cecal microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirms microbial causality in transferring fat phenotypes. Dysbiosis-associated mechanisms are conserved across species, where SCFAs and bile acids ameliorate metabolic inflammation, whereas LPS and BCAA imbalances worsen lipid dysregulation. Metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are tightly linked to gut microbiota perturbations. Dysbiosis drives LPS translocation and barrier impairment. These changes, along with altered metabolites, promote inflammation and fat deposition. Future strategies should integrate multi-omics and precision engineering of microbial consortia to advance therapies for both livestock and human metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the prebiotic activity of arabinogalactan on the human gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Raman-activated cell sorting.","authors":"Hamid Rasoulimehrabani, Sanaz Khadem, Adnan Hodžić, Miriam Philipp, Rebecca Gallo, Georgi Nikolov, Joana Séneca, Julia Ramesmayer, Patrik Sivulič, David Berry","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.29","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Arabinogalactan is a complex plant-derived polysaccharide proposed to function as a selective prebiotic, yet the microbial taxa directly involved in its metabolism and the cooperative dynamics within the gut microbiota remain incompletely defined. <b>Methods:</b> Here, we combined community-level sequencing with targeted single-cell activity profiling to investigate how arabinogalactan shapes gut microbial composition and function. Fecal samples from ten healthy individuals were incubated <i>ex vivo</i> with arabinogalactan, and microbial responses were assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing alongside Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) and coculture experiments. <b>Results:</b> Arabinogalactan consistently enriched <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Gemmiger</i> across donors, with <i>Bifidobacterium</i> also responding to galactose and <i>Gemmiger</i> and <i>Blautia</i> stimulated by arabinose, the two monosaccharide components of arabinogalactan. RACS enabled the selective isolation of metabolically active arabinogalactan responders, including <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> (<i>B. longum</i>) and <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>, along with other strains from the phyla <i>Actinomycetota</i>, <i>Bacteroidota</i>, and <i>Bacillota</i>. Notably, coculture experiments revealed that <i>B. longum</i> not only degraded arabinogalactan efficiently but also supported the growth of non-degrading species via metabolic cross-feeding. These cooperative interactions highlight <i>B. longum</i> as a keystone species in arabinogalactan utilization and suggest broader community-level benefits from its activity. <b>Conclusion:</b> Together, our findings demonstrate arabinogalactan's bifidogenic effect and its potential to promote functionally important microbes within the gut ecosystem. This study also highlights the utility of RACS for linking microbial identity to function, enabling the targeted recovery of active strains from complex communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-weaning diarrhea caused by F18⁺ <i>Escherichia coli</i> and its impact on mucosa-associated microbiota and immune responses in the jejunum of nursery pigs.","authors":"Jeonghyeon Son, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.14","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examines the impacts of F18⁺ <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) on the mucosa-associated microbiota, mucosal immune responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology in the jejunum of nursery pigs. F18⁺ <i>E. coli</i> is a major cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in nursery pigs, mainly due to the production of enterotoxins that disrupt electrolyte balance in the intestinal lumen, leading to diarrhea, growth retardation, increased mortality, and economic losses. Experimental F18⁺ <i>E. coli</i> challenge models have shown an increased incidence of diarrhea (28.3%), along with reductions in average daily gain (24.1%), average daily feed intake (12.5%), and gain-to-feed ratio (14.9%). These adverse effects are largely attributed to microbial dysbiosis and heightened mucosal immune responses in the jejunum. The F18⁺ <i>E. coli</i> challenge also increases the abundance of harmful bacteria while reducing beneficial bacteria in the jejunal mucosa. Research using this challenge model has demonstrated elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (14.9%), interleukin-8 (10.9%), immunoglobulin A (9.2%), immunoglobulin G (19.7%), malondialdehyde (50.7%), and protein carbonyls (32.3%). These immune and oxidative responses are associated with reductions in villus height (VH) (10.2%) and VH-to-crypt depth ratio (10.7%), as well as an increase in Ki-67⁺ proliferative cells (35.4%) in the jejunum. In conclusion, F18⁺ <i>E. coli</i> induces PWD and compromises intestinal health in nursery pigs through dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and morphological changes, ultimately impairing growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}