Microbiome research reports最新文献

{"title":"Bile salt hydrolase: a key player in gut microbiota and its implications for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.","authors":"Weixing Zhao, Huiying Wang, Minghua Zheng, Yan Ni","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.12","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) poses a significant global public health challenge. Bile acids (BAs), synthesized in the liver and further metabolized in the gut, are essential in maintaining host metabolic homeostasis. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH), an enzyme produced by the gut microbiota, catalyzes the hydrolysis of conjugated BAs, thus regulating the balance between primary and secondary BAs. Growing evidence suggests that BSH activity is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of MASLD. This review comprehensively examines the structural and functional properties of BSH enzymes, their distribution among gut microbial communities, and current methodologies for assessing BSH expression and activity. Furthermore, it highlights the alterations in BSH observed in MASLD and explores the potential mechanistic pathways involved, offering a foundation for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling the composition of resistome and bacteriome in the upper respiratory tract of domestic cats with respiratory signs in China.","authors":"Qiuyan Li, Dengyuan Zhou, Longlong Cao, Yongfan Li, Jiakang Li, Jing Ye, Huanchun Chen, Jiangchao Zhao, Shengbo Cao, Zhong Peng","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.04","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Domestic cats, among the most popular pets globally, may harbor antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and zoonotic pathogens that impact human health. This study aims to investigate the resistome and bacteriome composition in the upper respiratory tract of domestic cats with respiratory signs in China. <b>Methods:</b> We performed metagenomic sequencing on 1,454 oropharyngeal-nasal swabs from cats with respiratory signs across diverse living conditions in 22 Chinese provinces. Resistome and bacteriome profiles were analyzed using these sequencing data. <b>Results:</b> We characterized the resistome and bacteriome in the upper respiratory tract of cats, identifying a wide range of ARGs - including those conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics {e.g., carbapenems (<i>bla</i> _NDM, <i>bla</i> _OXA-244, <i>bla</i> _VIM-13, <i>bla</i> _VIM-33), colistin (<i>mcr</i>), and high-level tigecycline [MIC ≥ 4 µg/mL; <i>tet</i>(X3), <i>tet</i>(X4), <i>tet</i>(X5), <i>tet</i>(X6)]}. Additionally, we detected numerous bacterial species of public health concerns, including the six leading antimicrobial resistance-associated pathogens (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>) and other high-burden pathogens linked to global morbidity, mortality, and therapeutic challenges. <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings highlight the potential zoonotic risks posed by cats. Including monitoring of this companion species within the One Health approach to address public health concerns is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synbiotic modulation of adult gut microbiome by 2'-fucosyllactose and <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>infantis</i> EFEL8008.","authors":"Dong Hyeon Lee, Hyunbin Seong, Seul-Ah Kim, Nam Soo Han","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.35","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> This study aimed to evaluate the combination of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>infantis</i> (<i>B. infantis</i>) EFEL8008 as a synbiotic pair for adult gut health, using an <i>in vitro</i> digestion and fecal fermentation model. <b>Methods:</b> The resistance of 2'-FL to digestion was evaluated through simulated digestion encompassing oral, gastric, intestinal, and brush border membrane phases. Fecal fermentation was conducted using adult microbiota to investigate taxonomic and metabolic alterations following treatment with 2'-FL, EFEL8008, or their combination. Microbial composition was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR targeting <i>B. infantis</i>. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine (TMA) levels were quantified by ¹H-NMR. <b>Results:</b> A total of 86.67% of 2'-FL remained intact after digestion, demonstrating its resistance to digestion throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract. The synbiotic combination significantly increased <i>Bifidobacterium</i> abundance and improved alpha diversity compared to single treatments. Heat tree and correlation analyses indicated selective enrichment of commensal taxa including <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>, accompanied by a reduction in the abundance of potentially pathogenic genera such as <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>. In addition, co-treatment markedly elevated the concentrations of acetate, propionate, lactate, and butyrate, and suppressed the microbial conversion of betaine to TMA, suggesting a favorable metabolic outcome. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results demonstrate that the synbiotic combination of 2'-FL and EFEL8008 promotes beneficial microbial modulation, enhances metabolite production, and supports gut health, highlighting its potential as a next-generation synbiotic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12540058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic membrane vesicles: emerging tools for disease treatment.","authors":"Jari Verbunt, Frank R M Stassen","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.20","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics are widely recognized for their health benefits, particularly in disease prevention and treatment. Recent research suggests that their therapeutic effects may be linked to the bacterial membrane vesicles (bMVs) they release. These nanoscale vesicles, secreted during probiotic growth and metabolism, facilitate intercellular communication through efficient material transport and signaling. With their biocompatibility and targeting properties, probiotic bMVs hold promise for medical applications. This review examines their biogenesis, bioactive components, functions, and role in disease treatment, while also discussing future research directions to unlock their full therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal factors influencing the earliest establishment of the infant microbiome.","authors":"Kevin Linehan, Kiera Healy, Eimear Hurley, Carol Anne O'Shea, C Anthony Ryan, R Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, Eugene M Dempsey","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2024.92","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2024.92","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> While extensive research exists on the human microbiome, a number of outstanding questions remain regarding the infant microbiome in the initial stages of life. This study aimed to determine the timing of very early microbial colonization in humans, assess the contribution of maternal microbial sources to their offspring and examine the effects of perinatal factors such as delivery mode, gestational age, and feeding practices on the maternal and infant microbiota in early life. <b>Methods:</b> Using a cohort of 18 healthy mother-infant dyads, maternal saliva (within 24 h postpartum), vaginal (1 h prepartum), and placental (1 h postpartum) samples were collected. From their corresponding infants, saliva (within 24 h postpartum) and meconium (within 96 h postpartum) samples were collected. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was utilized to assess the taxonomic and inferred functional compositions of the bacterial communities from both mothers and infants. <b>Results:</b> Our results consolidate and corroborate recent findings addressing the existence of a meconium microbiome and the absence of a placental microbiome. We show that significant sharing of microbiota, primarily <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Veillonella</i> species, between the maternal oral cavity and the infant oral cavity occurs in early life. Perinatal factors such as vaginal delivery and exclusive breastfeeding were strongly associated with enhanced microbial richness and diversity in infants. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides information on the relationship between health and delivery factors and the first establishment of the infant microbiota. These findings could offer valuable guidance to clinicians and mothers in optimizing the infant microbiota toward health during infancy and later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of absolute abundance in mother-infant gut microbiome using marine-sourced bacterial DNA spike-in and comparison with conventional quantification methods.","authors":"Shuo Wang, David Healy, Dhrati Patangia, Shona Uniacke-Lowe, Elena Kamilari, Iwona M Kozak, Bo Yang, Eugene M Dempsey, Catherine Stanton, R Paul Ross","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2024.94","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2024.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of marine-sourced bacterial DNA spike-in quantification for determining absolute microbial abundance in the gut microbiome of mother-infant pairs and to compare this method with conventional quantification techniques. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a pilot study involving six mother-infant pairs, applying a DNA spike-in quantification method using bacterial DNA from <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> sp. APC 3896 and <i>Planococcus</i> sp. APC 3900, isolated from deep-sea fish. We compared our approach with established absolute quantification methods - flow cytometry, total DNA measurement, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and culture-based plate count - to evaluate microbial load and taxonomic composition across mother-infant samples. <b>Results:</b> Our spike-in method accurately estimated microbial loads, producing results consistent with qPCR and total DNA quantification. We observed that mothers exhibited higher total bacterial loads than infants by approximately half a log, while the abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> was comparable in both groups. The spike-in method revealed significant differences in taxonomic composition, highlighting the impact of absolute quantification on microbiome analysis outcomes. Importantly, the method did not alter alpha diversity measures but slightly affected beta diversity analysis, reflecting more precise inter-group differences. <b>Conclusion:</b> Marine-sourced bacterial DNA spike-in offers a reliable, scalable, and accurate approach for absolute microbiome quantification. This method enhances microbiome analysis by addressing biases inherent in relative abundance measures, providing a deeper understanding of microbial dynamics in mother-infant gut microbiomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the interaction between melatonin and bifidobacteria.","authors":"Sonia Mirjam Rizzo, Giulia Longhi, Chiara Tarracchini, Chiara Argentini, Alice Viappiani, Massimiliano G Bianchi, Ovidio Bussolati, Douwe van Sinderen, Marco Ventura, Francesca Turroni","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2025.10","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2025.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex and dynamic microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, which begins to form at birth and evolves throughout life. Among the factors influencing its initial development, breastfeeding is one of the most important. Human milk is a chemically complex body fluid, including hormones, like melatonin, which is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, helping to establish the newborn's circadian rhythm. In the current study, the molecular interactions between human melatonin and a bifidobacteria-rich infant gut microbiota were explored. <b>Methods:</b> Possible molecular communication was assessed using <i>in vitro</i> assays and functional genomic approaches. <b>Results:</b> Our results highlight that melatonin elicits different functional microbial impacts, both at transcriptional and phenotypic levels (i.e., adhesion to intestinal cells), that are dependent on the bifidobacterial species analyzed. <b>Conclusion:</b> Among the bifidobacterial taxa assayed, <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> demonstrated the highest level of molecular interaction with melatonin, highlighting its significant role in this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ex vivo</i> study on prebiotic & choline combination to modulate gut bacteria, enhance choline bioavailability, and reduce TMA production.","authors":"Ying Qi Goh, Guoxiang Cheam, Mingyue Yeong, Nidhi Bhayana, Abigail Thomson, Jingtao Zhang, Jia Xu, Patricia Conway, Smeeta Shrestha, Yulan Wang","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2024.90","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2024.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Choline is a universal methyl group donor, playing an essential role in DNA methylation, signaling pathways, and the transport and metabolism of lipids. The primary source of choline intake is diet, and chronic deficiency has been associated with dementia, cardiovascular disease, and liver disease. Choline bioavailability can be diminished by gut microbes that express choline trimethylamine-lyase (<i>cutC</i>), an enzyme that converts choline into trimethylamine (TMA), a precursor for TMA N-oxide (TMAO), which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Gut microbiota modulation can be achieved by prebiotics such as galactooligosaccharides, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides. The aim of our study is to use choline with prebiotics to modulate the gut microbiota to enhance choline bioavailability and minimize TMA production. <b>Methods:</b> We employed an <i>ex vivo</i> microcosm system consisting of healthy human stool samples with choline and different prebiotics and measured TMA and choline levels by targeted metabolomics. Shotgun metagenomic profiling was also performed to investigate alternation in gut microbiota composition during choline and prebiotic interventions. <b>Results:</b> Our study showed that choline to TMA conversion is dependent on a choline derivative and supplementing galactooligosaccharides (GOS) reduces this conversion. Choline to TMA conversion was associated with enriched microbiota from the genus <i>Dialister</i>, whereas GOS supplementation led to an increase in <i>Blautia</i> and a reduction in <i>Clostridia</i> populations. Loss of <i>Clostridia</i> also reduced a subset of <i>Clostridium</i> species, <i>Clostridium citroniae</i>, known to encode the <i>cutC</i> gene. The abundance of <i>Dialister</i> enhanced the chorismate biosynthesis pathway, while a reduction in <i>Clostridium</i> supported tryptophan and methionine pathways. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study is the first to identify the combination of choline and GOS supplementation as a potential strategy to modulate gut microbiota and its metabolites in order to improve disease etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-life gut microbiome development and its potential long-term impact on health outcomes.","authors":"Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz, Juan J Borrego","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2024.78","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2024.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The initial gut colonization of the infant plays a pivotal role in shaping the immune system, developing the intestinal tract, and influencing host metabolism, all of which are strongly influenced by several determinants, such as gestational age at birth, mode of delivery, neonatal feeding practices, early-life stress (ELS), and exposure to perinatal antibiotics. However, resulting gut microbiome (GM) dysbiosis may alter this developmental programming, leading to long-term adverse health outcomes. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on early-life GM development and its long-term impact on health. Specifically, it addresses how early-life GM dysbiosis may affect the trajectory of physiological processes, predisposing individuals to conditions such as allergic diseases, metabolic disorders, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disorders, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it examines the influence of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation during pregnancy and early life in shaping infant GM composition, as well as the impact of ELS-induced GM dysbiosis on mental health. Recent research suggests that the early-life microbiota initiates long-lasting effects, and inadequate or insufficient microbial exposure triggers inflammatory responses associated with several physiological conditions. Although several studies have reported a connection between ELS and the GM during both prenatal and postnatal periods, a unified microbiome signature linked to either prenatal or postnatal stress remains to be fully elucidated. Thus, future studies are needed to establish causality and determine whether modifiable factors affecting the GM could be targeted to improve gut health, especially in children exposed to contextual stress or adverse conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic characterization of <i>Wolbachia</i> endosymbiont from <i>Leuronota fagarae</i> (Hemiptera: Psylloidae).","authors":"Douglas S Stuehler, Wayne B Hunter, Jawwad A Qureshi, Liliana M Cano","doi":"10.20517/mrr.2024.84","DOIUrl":"10.20517/mrr.2024.84","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> <i>Wolbachia</i> species are among the most abundant intracellular endosymbionts of insects worldwide. The extensive distribution of Gram-negative <i>Wolbachia</i> among insects highlights their evolutionary success and close relationship with many insect host species. This study aimed to characterize a novel <i>Wolbachia</i> strain from the Wild Lime Psyllid, <i>Leuronota fagarae</i> (<i>L. fagarae</i>), to understand its evolutionary relationship with <i>Wolbachia</i> from psyllid pests like <i>Diaphorina citri</i>, the vector of Huanglongbing (HLB). <b>Methods:</b> Wild-caught <i>L. fagarae</i> colonies from Florida, USA, were maintained on Zanthoxylum fagara. RNA was extracted from the salivary glands, heads, and whole bodies of male and female adult <i>L. fagarae</i>. Four cDNA libraries were sequenced using short read technology and de novo transcriptome assembly was performed. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of nine conserved loci and <i>wsp</i> gene analysis classified the strain's phylogeny, while sequence mapping and functional annotation provided insight into host-microbe interactions. <b>Results:</b> The new <i>Wolbachia</i> strain, designated <i>Wolbachia</i> endosymbiont of <i>Leuronota fagarae</i> (wLfag-FL), was assigned to supergroup B, showing relation to <i>Wolbachia</i> strains of other related psyllids. Transcriptome analysis identified 1,359 <i>Wolbachia</i> transcripts with 465 assigned functions encompassing metabolic and secretion system pathways. Ankyrin domain proteins and a partial bacterioferritin sequence were detected, suggesting nutritional provisioning roles. <b>Conclusion:</b> The characterization of wLfag-FL expands the known <i>Wolbachia</i> host range and informs HLB-related pest biology. Its phylogenetic placement and transcript annotations offer insights into symbiotic interactions, potentially guiding environmentally safe pest control strategies targeting psyllid fitness and pathogen transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":94376,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome research reports","volume":"4 2","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}