One health outlook最新文献

{"title":"Leveraging artificial intelligence for One Health: opportunities and challenges in tackling antimicrobial resistance - scoping review.","authors":"Gashaw Enbiyale Kasse, Suzanne M Cosh, Judy Humphries, Md Shahidul Islam","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00170-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00170-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge driven by the misuse of antimicrobials across humans, animals, and the environment, necessitating integrated One Health solutions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aims to synthesise evidence on the opportunities and challenges of leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to tackle AMR within the One Health framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guideline. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, along with citation searching and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 543 studies were identified from these databases. After removing duplicates, 343 studies remained for screening. Following the title and abstract screening, 273 publications were selected for full-text review, and 43 studies were included in the final analysis. Studies written in English that explored the application of AI tools and techniques for AMR in any One Health domain were included. The review found that AI is widely applied to combat AMR across different sectors (human, animal, and environmental health), with key opportunities including the rapid identification of resistant pathogens, AI-powered surveillance and early warning, integration of diverse datasets, and support for drug discovery and antibiotic stewardship. However, significant challenges remain, such as data standardisation issues, limited model transparency, infrastructure and resource gaps, ethical and privacy concerns, and difficulties in real-world implementation and validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, while AI has great potential to improve AMR management, fully realising its benefits will require investment in explainable AI, better data infrastructure, stronger cross-sector collaboration, and clear regulatory frameworks to ensure ethical and effective use within the One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12532937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering dog owners and One Health teams to eliminate rabies: A community-Led approach from Techiman metropolitan, Ghana.","authors":"Dwaah Prince Kyere, Awua-Boateng Nana Yaa, Osei-Tutu Anthony, Abass Kasim Sakran, Kando David, Otu Solomon, Lamptey Gyan","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00164-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00164-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rabies remains a significant public health threat in Ghana, especially in endemic urban areas such as Techiman Metropolitan. This communication highlights the role of empowered dog owners and coordinated One Health actions in eliminating human rabies cases through a community-led intervention model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A metropolitan-wide rabies prevention initiative was implemented from 2022 to 2024 under the leadership of the Veterinary Services Directorate. The study area has a population of about 243,335 and an estimated dog population of 8,000. Baseline dog vaccination coverage in 2022 was 31.4%. The intervention engaged dog owners in responsible pet ownership practices, including annual vaccination, confinement, and immediate reporting of dog bites. Simultaneously, the One Health team, comprising veterinary officers, public health workers, and local authorities, coordinated mass dog vaccination campaigns, cross-sectoral surveillance, and ensured timely administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) through integrated referral systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 8,000 estimated dogs, 5,600 (70%) were vaccinated in 2024, compared to 2,355/7,500 (31.4%) in 2021 (χ² = 1,502.7, p < 0.001). Among vaccinated dogs, 422 (6.0%) had previously bitten humans. Bite reporting increased from 106 cases in 2021 to 180 in 2024 (60.7% increase, χ² = 15.2, p < 0.001). No human rabies deaths were recorded in 2024, compared to an annual average of six deaths between 2017-2023. These results were achieved through community sensitization, intersectoral collaboration, and the decentralization of vaccination and reporting services.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The success of the intervention demonstrates that community empowerment and integration of veterinary and human health services through the One Health model are critical to interrupting rabies transmission. The approach provides a scalable framework for rabies control in other endemic settings, supporting the World Health Organisation's Zero-by-2030 strategy for global rabies elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative risk modelling of human rabies in Ghana and Nigeria associated with West/Central African dog-trade.","authors":"Christianah Ibironke Odita, William Kofi Tasiame, Ishaya Sini Tekki, David Idowu Olatunji, Clement Adebajo Meseko, Ellen de Jong, Dan Taylor, Jane Pouzou","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00169-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00169-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The practice of dog trade and butchery for human consumption is documented in some countries in Africa. Increasing demand for dog meat has resulted in increased transboundary movements of trade-dogs, which creates opportunities for the potential transmission of rabies. This study estimated the probability of rabies virus introduction into the dog slaughter environment, exposure among dog butchers, and the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures in Ghana and Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed Quantitative Risk Analysis models for Ghana and Nigeria due to active within-country and transborder dog trade in both countries. The models quantified the risk of acquiring rabies among dog butchers in these countries and evaluated risk mitigation options, including butchers' vaccination, education, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and dog vaccination. The models were parameterized based on data from published reports on activities related to dog trade and butchery and live interviews with butchers in selected dog markets. Experts' opinions were used for data triangulation, and sensitivity analyses were performed for variables in the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Encounters with rabid dogs were much higher with the inclusion of transboundary dogs compared to in-country dogs only. This increased the probability estimates of rabies infection among butchers by 66.2% (6.5 to 10.8/850 butchers/yr) and 238.2% (16.5 to 55.8/1,750 butchers/yr) in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. The probability of bite and consequent infection risk were key drivers of uncertainty in the models. Vaccination of 70% of the dog population as recommended by the World Health Organization could reduce butcher infections by 62% and 70% in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively. In comparison, appropriate post-exposure vaccination of butchers would reduce infections by 100% in both countries. Where optimal dog vaccination and subsidized butcher vaccination are nonexistent due to cost and other logistics, continuous butcher education combined with enforced use of PPE could drastically reduce exposure risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Creating awareness of the importance of dog trade and butchering as potential occupational sources of rabies transmission, and regulation of dog trade in affected countries are critical for the realization of the global target of \"Zero Dog-Mediated Human Rabies by 2030\".</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12532416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and virulence of bacteria in spices: a systematic review.","authors":"Sahar Torki Baghbadorani, Ebrahim Rahimi, Amir Shakerian, Faham Khamesipour","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00172-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00172-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Spices, widely valued for their flavor, color, and antioxidant properties, are increasingly used in culinary and food industries. Despite their benefits, spices may act as carriers for antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic bacteria, posing a threat to food safety and public health. METHODS: This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of six databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase) was conducted for English-language articles from inception to 2023, focusing on bacterial contamination, antibiotic resistance, and virulence in spices. Inclusion was limited to peer-reviewed articles, and methodological quality was assessed using the JBI checklist. RESULTS: Of the 3,458 initially identified articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies originated from Asia (n = 5) and the Americas (n = 4). Bacteria commonly isolated from spices included Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. High resistance levels were observed against ampicillin (83.3%) and penicillin (82.1%), while most isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B and cephalothin. Resistance genes such as bla, tetK, and ermB were frequently detected, along with virulence genes like nheA, hblC, cytK, and tpeL. CONCLUSION: Spices may serve as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant and virulent bacteria. Improved handling, processing, and decontamination practices are essential to mitigate foodborne risks and curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance. </p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12522482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and socio-economic determinants of malaria transmission in West Africa: a systematic review.","authors":"Gouvidé Jean Gbaguidi, Nikita Topanou, Walter Leal Filho, Komi Begedou, Guillaume K Ketoh","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00158-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00158-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains one of the greatest issues in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to identify the socio-economic and environmental determinants influencing the transmission of malaria and its incidence in West Africa. A systematic review was conducted using articles published from January 1989 to April 2025, within PubMed and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases. A total of 1145 articles related to our topic were found in the PubMed database, and 125 articles were identified in the DOAJ database. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 68 articles were selected from both databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that among the environmental determinants, air temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and vegetation are the most common environmental factors that predict malaria transmission. Moreover, education level, place of residence, housing structure, poverty, and quality of information are the key socio-economic determinants to consider in the prediction of malaria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These factors can be indicators for target programmes for the elimination and prevention of the infection of malaria in West Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A regional One Health approach to mapping antimicrobial resistance interactions via systems thinking.","authors":"Claudia Huebner, Nils-Olaf Huebner, Tillmann Goerig, Steffen Flessa","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00173-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00173-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as an original One Health problem, combines inextricable interactions between the human, animal and environmental dimensions. Addressing this challenge requires systemic thinking and coordinated networking between different levels of society and regional institutions. Knowledge of causal relationships, their mutual influence and the ability to assess the impact of possible interventions are prerequisites for coherent action to combat the further spread of antimicrobial resistance in a region. An integrated regional approach has not yet been addressed in One Health research on antimicrobial resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is based on a systems thinking approach and uses a causal loop diagram to visualise the relationships between human, animal and ecological components in a circular AMR system map for a One Health model region. The participatory approach actively involved regional stakeholders in the data collection and modelling process through surveys, semi structured interviews and interactive workshops. Based on the developed causal loop diagram, leverage point analysis is applied to estimate which types of interventions would have the greatest ability to address antimicrobial resistance in the One Health region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that the system mapping tool is suitable for demonstrating the relationships regarding AMR in the One Health context for a defined region. It provides an opportunity to identify and visualise important risk factors that are direct or indirect drivers of AMR. Specifically, two amplifying and two balancing loops have been constructed in the model, covering antibiotic stewardship, public awareness, regional data management and environmental impact. Interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration, homogeneity of data and public awareness were identified as important leverage points. The graphical illustration of the causal loop diagram enables political and economic decision-makers to develop a deeper understanding of regional resistance patterns and the rational use of antibiotics from a One Health perspective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is one of the first applications of a participatory systems thinking approach to the topic of AMR in the context of a One Health region.</p><p><strong>Trail registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining bhutan's zoonotic disease policies through a One Health lens: a qualitative policy analysis using the policy triangle framework.","authors":"Bir Doj Rai, Tenzin Tenzin, Dorji Tshering, Narapati Dahal, Gizachew A Tessema, Lin Fritschi, Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu, Gavin Pereira","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00159-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00159-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recurrent threat of zoonotic diseases necessitates integrated, multisectoral strategies, such as the One Health, which recognises the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health. Institutionalising such approaches requires comprehensive national policy frameworks that ensure cross-sectoral coordination, sustainable resource allocation, and robust governance mechanisms. Bhutan adopted One Health in 2013, however, its integration into national policies remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine Bhutan's policy landscape for zoonotic disease prevention and control through a One Health lens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven documents related to zoonotic disease prevention and control in Bhutan, published between 2013 and 2024, were retrieved from official government websites and obtained from relevant authorities. A qualitative document analysis was conducted, guided by the Policy Triangle Framework, which evaluates policy across four dimensions: Actors, Context, Content, and Process. Key One Health components were mapped to each dimension using internationally recognised One Health frameworks to systematically evaluate the extent to which Bhutan's zoonotic disease policies align with the principles of One Health approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed clearly defined roles and responsibilities among key stakeholders, but limited inclusion of the environmental sector. While the policies reflected contextual relevance and alignment to international disease prevention and control frameworks, their integration with holistic One Health strategies remained limited due to persistent sectoral silos. Policy contents revealed a strong commitment to disease prevention and control, but major gaps were identified in financial planning, human resource development, and investment in technical infrastructure. Policy processes were largely undocumented, with weak stakeholder engagement, limited cross-sectoral coordination, and absence of robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strengthening policy design, enhancing governance structures and institutional frameworks are essential to improve intersectoral coordination, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement for effective operationalisation of zoonotic disease prevention and control within the One Health framework in Bhutan. The insights from this study may offer practical implications for low- and middle-income countries working to embed One Health into national policy. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the Policy Triangle Framework can be adapted to systematically evaluate policy alignment in the context of One Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlating hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome incidence and research publications in China: insights from epidemiological and bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Bing Xu, Shaocong Mo, Danfeng Ren, Tianzhi Ni, Shan Fu, Ze Zhang, Taotao Yan, Yancai Wang, Yingren Zhao, Jinfeng Liu, Yingli He","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00171-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00171-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease caused by hantaviruses, remains a significant public health challenge in China. Despite a decline in national incidence, persistent regional outbreaks highlight a need to understand how scientific research corresponds to these evolving epidemiological patterns to better inform public health strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to identify the spatiotemporal correlations between HFRS incidence and research publication output in China, identifying trends and disparities to inform future research priorities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a bibliometric and spatial analysis of 3,304 Chinese articles from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and 556 English articles from Web of Science (WOS) from 1981 to 2023. Provincial HFRS incidence data were correlated with publication output using Spearman's correlation and the Geographical Detector model across distinct analytical phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFRS incidence declined nationally but remained concentrated in specific regions. Domestic publications (CNKI) peaked during Phase 2 (1992-2006; 120-226/year), while international publications (WOS) surged in Phase 3 (2007-2023). A strong and consistent spatial correlation was found between HFRS incidence and CNKI publication output (q > 0.49). In contrast, the correlation with WOS publications only became significance in Phase 3 (q = 0.271). Thematic analyses revealed differing research priorities: CNKI publications emphasized clinical and epidemiological research, while WOS focused more on epidemiological and mechanistic research. Collaboration networks became increasingly international in Phase 3, with Beijing and Shaanxi emerging as central hubs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals a strong spatial correspondence between research output and disease incidence in high-incidence province. However, it also underscores significant research gaps in some highly affected yet under-resourced regions. The diverging thematic focus and collaboration patterns between domestic and international publications reflect the evolution of China's research ecosystem. Integrating bibliometric with epidemiological analysis provides a robust, evidence-based framework to help guide equitable resource allocation and foster collaborations that address the persistent challenges of HFRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of anthrax virulence genes in Bacillus aerius and human exposure in largest abattoir in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele, Bamidele Tolulope Odumosu, Kafilat Olaide Kareem, Bolu Muhammad Sarumoh, Adesola Zaidat Musa, Kazeem Adewale Osuolale, Muinah Adenike Fowora, Adenike Sola Aiyedogbon, Chukwunonso Januarius Ikpo, Joshua Ayodele Yusuf, Shamsudeen Faisal Fagbo, Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi, Richard Adebayo Adegbola, Babatunde Lawal Salako","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00162-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00162-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The anthrax virulence determinants, protective antigens (pag) and poly-D-γ-glutamate capsule (cap) genes have only been reported in 'cereus' group of Bacillus spp reflecting their genetic similarity. Human exposure to these virulence genes, which is through the uptake of the bacterial spores, can have serious public health implications. The study was designed to investigate the presence and burden of anthrax toxins-producing Bacillus spp. and human exposure in the largest abattoir in Lagos, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Soil samples collected from 3 abattoir-associated sites and blood drawn from abattoir workers and related persons were all processed in biosafety containment (BSL 3) following standard procedures. The identification of the Bacillus spp was done by combination of phenotypic and 16 S rRNA sequencing. The virulence genes were PCR detected following standard protocols. The clear human plasma was used for qualitative measurement of pag immunoglobulin G (PA-IgG) in indirect ELISA. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were used to describe the characteristics/distribution of Bacillus spp and relationship between exposure and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, forty-five soil and 89 human blood samples were collected and analyzed. Bacillus isolates (n = 26), belonging to 8 different spp were recovered from the soil samples. The pag and cap genes were concurrently amplified in three (3) strains of B. aerius (PQ269640, PQ269658, PQ269665) out of the seven isolated across the 3 sites while B. anthracis (n = 4) isolated from two sites amplified only the cap gene. All the B. cereus isolated in this study did not harbour any of the genes. Eighteen (20.2%) of the plasma samples were positive for the anthrax IgG (O.D. ≥ 0.23), male: female (8:1). The positive participants were mainly within the age bracket 30 yrs and ≥ 60 years and were significantly different from the negative (p = 0.01) while the dealing in, living with animals, previous handling of sick/dead animals have no significant differences between the PA- IgG positive and negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The non-cereus B. aerius (PQ269640, PQ269658, PQ269665) recovered from the soil harboured the anthrax virulence genes (pag, cap) and there was past exposure of abattoir workers, cattle dealers to anthrax toxins.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of the national strategy for brucellosis control in Egypt: logic framework, challenges, and prospects.","authors":"Ekram W Abd El-Wahab","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00168-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00168-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brucellosis remains a significant public health and economic challenge in Egypt despite long-standing control efforts. This paper outlines the national strategy for brucellosis control, detailing its legal framework, diagnostic protocols, surveillance mechanisms, vaccination programs, and biosecurity measures.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>Egypt employs a dual approach of test-and-slaughter and selective vaccination, supported by serological and pathological diagnostics. Surveillance combines passive reporting, risk-based monitoring, and active outbreak investigation. While progress has been achieved, particularly in establishing brucellosis-free dairy compartments, eradication remains elusive due to inconsistent compliance, limited animal registration, inadequate compensation, and cultural barriers. Challenges also include insufficient epidemiological data, especially in small ruminants, and weak coordination between veterinary and public health sectors. Global comparisons highlight the importance of ecosystem-based and One Health approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review identifies critical gaps in surveillance, control coverage, and stakeholder engagement. It calls for integrated policy reforms, investment in diagnostic and monitoring infrastructure, enhanced public awareness, and regional cooperation to accelerate Egypt's path toward brucellosis elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}