One health outlook最新文献

{"title":"Mosquito-based detection of retroviruses and arboviruses in Senegal: expanding the scope of xenosurveillance.","authors":"Marie Henriette Dior Ndione, El Hadji Ndiaye, Madeleine Dieng, Babacar Diouf, Safietou Sankhé, Diawo Diallo, Mouhamed Kane, Ndeye Marie Sene, Maimouna Mbanne, Faty Amadou Sy, Seynabou Mbaye Ba Souna Diop, Serge Freddy Moukaha Doukanda, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye, Ndongo Dia, Scott C Weaver, Oumar Faye, Mawlouth Diallo, Gamou Fall, Alioune Gaye, Moussa Moise Diagne","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00155-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00155-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mosquitoes are well-known vectors for arthropod-borne viruses, yet their role as passive carriers of non-arthropod-borne viruses remains underexplored. Xenosurveillance, a method that utilizes blood-feeding arthropods to sample host and pathogen genetic material, has emerged as a valuable tool in viral ecology. In this study, we investigated the viral landscape of blood-fed mosquitoes from Senegal and report the first detection of Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV)-related and Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus 2 (ENTV-2)-related sequences, alongside endemic arboviruses. Our study aimed to investigate whether mosquitoes can serve as sentinels for detecting both pathogens and host-derived markers in complex ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mosquitoes were collected between 2016 and 2019 from three ecologically significant regions in Senegal (Louga, Barkedji, and Kedougou). Blood-fed mosquitoes were pooled and subjected to RNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing using Illumina NextSeq550. Sequencing data were analyzed with CZ-ID and BLAST for viral identification. RT-qPCR assays were designed to validate the presence of JSRV-related sequences, targeting conserved regions of the envelope gene and 3' untranslated region. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MAFFT and IQ-TREE to compare the detected sequence with global exogenous and endogenous JSRV references.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequencing revealed a broad viral diversity across mosquito species, including insect-specific viruses, arboviruses (West Nile, Sindbis, Bagaza, Usutu, Barkedji), and two retroviral sequences. A JSRV-related sequence was confirmed in a pool from Barkedji (2019) and clustered phylogenetically with endogenous JSRV. A nearly complete ENTV-2 genome, closely related to pathogenic Chinese strains, was recovered from the same pool. Other viruses grouped within established African lineages, supporting persistent regional circulation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study presents the first report of retroviral sequences detected in mosquitoes, alongside the identification of actively circulating arboviruses and insect-specific viruses, highlighting the broader potential of mosquitoes as environmental sentinels. While mosquitoes are not biological vectors for retroviruses, their ability to capture both host-derived retroviral material and pathogenic viral genomes through bloodmeals reinforces the value of xenosurveillance for monitoring livestock-vector-environment interactions. These findings contribute to broader efforts in integrated disease surveillance and underscore the utility of combining metagenomics with molecular diagnostics to detect diverse viral signals in high-risk ecological settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana: a 'One Health' approach.","authors":"Michael A Olu-Taiwo, Beverly Egyir, Christian Owusu-Nyantakyi, Akua Obeng Forson, Japheth A Opintan","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00154-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00154-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"One Health,\" a concept that highlights the need to bring on board multiple players and actors together to address major health problems, has been proposed to be effective in data gathering to mitigate the menace of antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR). Genomic data on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) across humans, animals, and the environment are limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ghana.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study determined the prevalence and patterns of AMR in E. coli from diverse sources, and characterized AMR genes, sequence types (STs), and plasmid replicon types in ESBL-EC.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, we randomly collected 1500 specimens from healthy humans, cattle, pigs, lettuce, spring onions, pork, beef, and soil samples, between January 2022 - April 2023. E. coli was isolated by routine culture and confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. E. coli isolates were screened for their susceptibility against 13 antimicrobial agents and ESBL-production. ESBL-EC isolates were whole-genome sequenced (WGS), and in silico analysis was used to determine AMR genes, sequence types (STs), and plasmid replicon types.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Of the 1500 specimens from diverse sources cultured, 140 (9.3%) were positive for E. coli. No E. coli was isolated from lettuce, spring onions, and pork. Fifty (35.7%) E. coli isolates were resistant to three or more of the antimicrobials tested, and 30 (21.4%) were ESBL-EC. The proportion of ESBL-EC identified in healthy humans were 14 (20%), cattle 9 (22.5%), pigs 3 (15%), beef 1 (50%) and soil 3 (37.5%). ESBL-EC isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), cefuroxime (100%), ciprofloxacin (53.6%), and tetracycline (58.2%). However, all ESBL-EC were susceptible to meropenem. Commonly detected AMR genes were blaTEM-1B (32%), tetA (48%) and sul2 (32%), with majority recovered from healthy human and soil samples. The dominant sequence types found were 12% (3) for ST10, ST 9312, ST 206, and ST 4151. The prevalent plasmid replicon types detected were IncFIB (Apoo1918) (40%) and IncFII (pCoo) (36%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the metropolis surveyed, we identified MDR ESBL-EC harbouring various AMR genes and plasmid replicon types with diverse E. coli sequence types in healthy humans, animals, and the environment. The detection of blaCTX-M-15 in agricultural soil isolate is worrisome, emphasizing the need for a \"One Health\" approach in combating AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health Economics approach to prevention and control of zoonotic and animal diseases - considerations for South Africa.","authors":"Manana Mamabolo, Catherine Machalaba, Siphe Zantsi, Melinda K Rostal, William B Karesh, Peter Neil Thompson, Petronella Chaminuka","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00142-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00142-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outbreaks of animal and zoonotic diseases in South Africa are costly and raise concerns about national biosecurity. The interconnectedness of humans, livestock, wildlife and their social and ecological environment necessitates a holistic approach to prevention, preparedness and response to zoonotic and animal diseases. One Health is an increasingly accepted approach in contemporary science and policy spheres, but with limited consideration for economic dimensions. To more fully estimate costs of animal and zoonotic diseases in the country and to explore further scope for applying a One Health economics lens, the Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, in collaboration with partners, held a One Health Economics mini-congress to provide a platform where multidisciplinary stakeholders discussed practical examples, primarily from the Southern African region. Discussions at the mini-congress centred around One Health economics and opportunities, economic insights on prevention and control of Rift Valley fever (RVF), avian influenza and other zoonotic diseases, return on investment for One Health approaches, and insights from the natural resources and animal and human health sectors. Regional and international perspectives on multi-sectoral economic analysis and financing were also shared. Key recommendations from the mini-congress included promoting coordination, co-creation and co-implemented efforts to minimize effects of One Health challenges, and including economic aspects of multi-sectoral engagement to identify and reduce trade-offs and maximize co-benefits of strategies and programmes. Integration of economics in One Health fora, research and collaboration, and promotion of communities of practice and applied training to enhance learning and knowledge exchange were also identified as important.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthrax outbreak linked to consumption and handling of meat from unexpectedly deceased cattle, Kyotera district, Uganda, June-December 2023.","authors":"Lawrence Tumusiime, Dominic Kizza, Anthony Kiyimba, Esther Nabatta, Susan Waako, Aggrey Byaruhanga, Benon Kwesiga, Richard Migisha, Lilian Bulage, Alex Riolexus Ario","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00151-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00151-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthrax is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped, and spore-forming bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. It continues to be a disease of public health importance in Uganda, with sporadic outbreaks reported annually in many parts of the country. In November 2023, Kyotera District reported a strange illness, characterized by itching, rash, swelling, and skin lesions which was later confirmed as anthrax. We investigated to assess its magnitude, identify potential exposures, and propose evidence-based control measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A suspected cutaneous anthrax case was an acute onset of skin itching/swelling plus ≥ 2 of: skin reddening, lymphadenopathy, headache, fever or general body weakness. A suspected gastrointestinal anthrax case was an acute onset of ≥ 2 of: abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth lesions or neck swelling. A confirmed anthrax case was a suspected case with Bacillus anthracis PCR-positive results. To identify cases, we reviewed medical records and conducted community active case-finding. We conducted an unmatched case-control study and used logistic regression to identify risk factors of anthrax transmission. Controls were selected at a 1:4 ratio from the same villages as the case-patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 63 cases (46 suspected and 17 confirmed); 48 (76%) were male. Of the 63, 55 cases (87%) were cutaneous and 8 (13%) were gastrointestinal, with a mean age of 42 years. Overall attack rate (AR) was 3.1/1,000; males were more affected (AR = 4.5/1,000) than females (AR = 1.5/1,000). Case-fatality rate was 19% (n = 12). Among the 63 cases, 18 (29%) sought care from health facilities; 33 (52%) were managed by traditional healers. The odds of anthrax infection were highest in individuals who both consumed and handled infected meat (OR = 20.9, 95% CI: 8.8-49.8), followed by those who only consumed the meat (OR = 5.81, 95% CI: 2.12-15.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anthrax outbreak in Kyotera District was primarily attributed to the consumption and handling of meat from cattle that had suddenly died. Poor health-seeking behavior and seeking care from traditional healers likely contributed to the high case fatality rate. To prevent future outbreaks, authorities should enforce cattle inspection protocols, expand anthrax vaccination campaigns, and enhance community education on safe meat handling and medical care-seeking practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing community awareness of antimicrobial use and resistance through community conversations in rural Ethiopia.","authors":"Mamusha Lemma, Biruk Alemu, Kebede Amenu, Barbara Wieland, Theodore Knight-Jones","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00148-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00148-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhanced availability of veterinary drugs in Ethiopia has led to a growing use of these drugs in food-producing animals. However, the use of drugs in livestock is not commonly supervised by trained veterinarians. In addition, smallholder livestock producers often lack sufficient education and information about antimicrobial use to achieve the intended impact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Community Conversations to raise awareness and knowledge about antimicrobial use and resistance within rural communities. We used single-sex and mixed-gender discussion groups to explore community members' perceptions and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data revealed knowledge and behavioral patterns in antimicrobial use and resistance, which vary between communities based on gender roles and information sources. Initially, antimicrobial resistance was poorly understood, but gradually, frequent drug use, poor-quality medications, poor regulatory system, and poor veterinary service emerged as key contributors. Although communities recognized the importance of preventive measures to reduce antimicrobial use, knowledge gaps and resource constraints limit their implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Raising awareness and knowledge within rural communities is an effective approach to promoting behavior change about antimicrobial use and resistance. The insights gained from understanding community perceptions and practices can help develop targeted education and training programs for stakeholders involved in the antimicrobial supply chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant biosecurity and One Health: government and industry roles as risk creators and mitigators.","authors":"John I Alawneh, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, James Camac, Lois Ransom, James Planck, Susan C Porchun, Michael Reid, Rachel Chay","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00150-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00150-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The One Health concept highlights the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health and places significant importance on plant biosecurity. This is due to the profound impact of plant biosecurity on food safety and security for animals and people, biodiversity, and the economy. This narrative review examines the roles of government and industry as risk creators and mitigators in plant biosecurity within a One Health framework, focusing on how their collaboration can strengthen surveillance, enhance regulatory policies, and mitigate the spread of plant pests and diseases. Plant biosecurity, which encompasses the measures to safeguard plant biosecurity and life in the same way that animal biosecurity safeguards animal and human health and life, is a critical component of One Health. Measures include a range of policies, regulations, strategies and activities to protect plants from exotic and established pests and diseases. Government, industry, and community actions are critical elements of plant biosecurity. These include pest surveillance and the establishment and maintenance of pest-free areas. Government agencies and industry professionals play a central and pivotal role in shaping plant biosecurity by implementing policies and regulations and developing innovative strategies. These actions can have a dual effect on plant biosecurity: they can either mitigate risks by preventing the introduction and spread of pests or create risks if regulations are inadequate or poorly enforced. The success of plant biosecurity efforts depends on how well government policies align with One Health principles, which require a careful balance between economic, environmental, social and health-related technical/scientific considerations. Pest surveillance, a foundational element of plant biosecurity, provides the tools for early detection and rapid response to pest outbreaks, essential for protecting plant biosecurity. Surveillance programs enable continuous monitoring of pest populations and the detection of emerging threats, which is critical for maintaining pest-free areas. The benefits of pest surveillance are numerous and extend beyond plant biosecurity, contributing to broader One Health objectives by reducing the risk of zoonotic diseases and preserving the ecological integrity of ecosystems. It underpins important economic and trade objectives by projecting confidence in the safety and health of Australia's agricultural products to international trading partners. Strategies to achieve and maintain pest-free areas include stringent quarantine measures, continuous surveillance, and effective rapid response protocols. The interconnectedness of plant biosecurity with One Health is evident in these efforts, as maintaining pest-free areas supports ecosystem health, minimises the need for chemical interventions and consequent pressure on antimicrobial resistance, and promotes sustainable agricultural practices. Government actions, pest surve","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance profiles of oral flora in hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius): implications for treatment of human bite wound infections.","authors":"Anita L Michel, Maralize Engelbrecht, Francois Roux, Jeanette Wentzel, Annelize Jonker","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00146-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00146-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) is found in aquatic environments throughout sub-Saharan Africa and is known to cause attacks on humans living or working close to water bodies. Victims surviving an attack often suffer from the consequences of severe wound infections caused by the animal's sharp canine teeth.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Isolation of normal flora bacteria from the oral cavity of common hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibious) followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing to aid in the identification of a targeted antibiotic treatment regimen for hippopotamus attack victims.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Oral swabs were collected from 34 free-ranging hippopotami in three reserves within the Greater Kruger National Park Complex in South Africa and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer method) and a panel of 16 antibiotic drugs representing 10 antibiotic categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Culturing of 50 oral swab samples from 34 hippopotami yielded 188 aerobic isolates belonging to 30 bacterial genera and 41 bacterial species (Gram-negative: 70.7%; Gram-positive: 29.3%) and 16 obligate anaerobic isolates from two genera. Three bacterial species, namely Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria and Shewanella putrefaciens accounted for 52% of the aerobic isolates. The anaerobic isolates were identified as Prevotella melaninogenica and Clostridium spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 112 aerobic isolates (Gram-negative: 93 (83%); Gram-positive: 19 (17%)) representing all isolated bacterial species. High levels of antibiotic resistance were observed among the Gram-negative species especially to most beta-lactam antibiotics (50.5% to 80.7%). Multidrug resistance was detected in 22.6% of Gram-negative isolates and in 24.1% of all isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first investigation of the oral flora bacteria of the common hippopotamus. Among the 32 mostly aerobic bacterial genera the most abundant bacterial species were A. hydrophila, A. sobria and S. putrefaciens. They are typical inhabitants of the aquatic habitat of the hippopotamus and of zoonotic importance as opportunistic human pathogens. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles demonstrated that quinolones, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines were highly efficacious against these bacterial species which otherwise showed moderate to high levels of resistance to the traditional bite wound treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanate and 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance gene sharing at the interface of human, poultry and environment: results of ESBL tricycle surveillance in Kathmandu, Nepal.","authors":"Jyoti Acharya, Runa Jha, Ranjan Raj Bhatta, Lilee Shrestha, Barun Kumar Sharma, Sharmila Chapagain, Tulsi Ram Gompo, Nisha Rijal, Priya Jha, Sarah L Baines, Louise M Judd, Lisa Ioannidis, Benjamin P Howden, Palpasa Kansakar","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00145-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00145-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The spread of antimicrobial resistant pathogens, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae is a global health threat and can be addressed only through a One Health approach. We aimed to characterize ESBL producing Escherichia coli isolates from World Health Organization Tricycle surveillance using data from whole genome sequencing (WGS) to decipher the potential dynamics of their circulation at the human, poultry and environment interface.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>WGS was performed on 100 non-duplicate representative ESBL E. coli isolates including 28 isolates from humans, 36 from poultry caeca, and 36 from water samples. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using Vitek 2 Compact. WGS was performed on Illumina NextSeq 2000 platform and open-source bioinformatics pipelines were used to analyze WGS data for genomic characterization including phylogenetic analysis and in silico multi-locus sequence typing and, serotyping and, ESBL gene detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most isolates were susceptible to imipenem (98%), meropenem (94%) and tigecycline (94%). Six ESBL E. coli isolates from poultry were resistant to colistin (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). WGS revealed high genetic diversity representing 56 sequence types (ST) including three novel STs. ST131 (7 isolates) was the most prevalent comprising human and environment isolates, followed by ST2179 (6 isolates, all poultry) and ST155 (5 isolates across the three sectors). All eight recognized E. coli phylogroups were observed, with majority (86%) of the isolates belonging to A, B1, B2 and D phylogroups. Of the100 isolates, 98 carried bla_CTX-M gene, with bla_CTX-M-15 the most prevalent allele (76%). AmpC type ESBL genes were found in four and OXA type β lactamases in six isolates. In our study, bla_NDM-5 was detected in two imipenem resistant isolates from human. Coexistence of more than one β-lactamase genes was seen in 26% isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate high genetic diversity among ESBL E. coli strains from all three sectors and sharing of identical strains and resistance genes within and between sectors. ST131, the globally dominant ESBL E. coli clade is gaining prevalence in Nepal with bla_CTX-M being the most common ESBL gene across the phylogroups and all source groups. Antimicrobial stewardship should be promoted in one health approach to combat antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting-based surveillance and One Health in the Mpox response.","authors":"Marc K Yambayamba, Simon Rüegg","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00149-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00149-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The resurgence of Mpox (MPXV) provides an opportunity to reflect on global health responses, particularly the lessons from previous outbreaks like Ebola and COVID-19. Although Mpox has been endemic in parts of Africa since the 1970s, it only gained global attention after spreading beyond Africa, highlighting the geopolitical dimension of global health. Like Ebola, Mpox is a zoonotic disease that affects both humans and animals, but the focus of the response has often been on human health, neglecting the broader social-ecological factors that influence disease transmission. A more holistic, \"One Health\" approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health can help better understand the complex interactions that contribute to outbreaks. This would include surveillance of the social-ecological systems where spillover occurs and greater engagement with local communities to build trust and improve response efforts. A setting-based surveillance system, focusing on both humans and animals in their environments, would enable more accurate and efficient outbreak or pandemic prevention. Additionally, the involvement of non-health professionals, such as social scientists and community leaders, is essential for fostering locally driven, culturally sensitive response strategies. Strengthening one health systems and expanding healthcare to include animals and plants could also enhance agroecological and ecosystem resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11998188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the power of One Health education to tackle Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) and other global health challenges.","authors":"Winnifred Akello","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00139-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-025-00139-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One Health is an approach that focuses on balancing and optimizing the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems sustainably. It recognizes that the health and well-being of these three components are interconnected and interdependent. The recent COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging infectious diseases like Monkeypox, Avian Influenza, and Dengue, have highlighted the need to strengthen the health workforce's emergency preparedness, given the close link between human, animal, and environmental health. One Health education lays a strong foundation for a global workforce capable of enhancing synergies across various sectors in addressing the complex global health challenges like emerging infectious diseases in the twenty-first century. One Health education is crucial in promoting an interdisciplinary, holistic understanding of the interconnectedness of our planet, as well as transdisciplinary thinking and collaborations. It also encourages responsible citizenship, and global-mindedness, and equips students with problem-based scenarios that foster effective evidence-based decision-making. Significant progress has been made to promote and implement One Health education over the past decade, although some challenges tend to hinder its comprehensiveness. Most of the delivered courses are more theoretical rather than the required practical or field-based sessions. Institutions especially academia play an essential role in providing an enabling environment for the advancement of One Health education. The implementation of One Health education should continuously be prioritized to equip students and health practitioners with the skills and knowledge necessary to navigate complex health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}