One health outlook最新文献

{"title":"Geospatial modelling for zoonotic disease hotspot identification within a One Health framework: a systematic review.","authors":"Jabulani Nyengere, Willard Mbewe, Lucius Malalu, Harineck Tholo, Allena Laura Njala, Takondwa Sembo, Sylvester William Kumpolota, Richard Lizwe Mvula, Chikondi Chisenga, Charity Kanyika-Mbewe, Alfred Maluwa, Fasil Ejigu Eregno","doi":"10.1186/s42522-026-00194-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-026-00194-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoonotic diseases continue to pose significant public health threats worldwide, driven by complex interactions at the human-animal-environment interface. Geospatial modelling has emerged as a critical tool for identifying disease hotspots and supporting One Health-oriented surveillance and intervention strategies. However, a systematic synthesis of how geospatial approaches operationalize One Health principles remains limited. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2021 guidelines to synthesise peer reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 that applied geospatial modelling to identify zoonotic disease hotspots. Multiple bibliographic databases were searched, and studies were screened using predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on modelling approaches, predictor variables, geographic focus, and levels of One Health integration, followed by qualitative and quantitative descriptive synthesis. A total of 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. Publication output increased markedly after 2020, with studies concentrated in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Bayesian spatial models, satellite imagery-based analyses, machine learning methods, and ecological niche modelling were most frequently employed. Climatic variables dominated predictor selection, while socio ecological and animal health variables were less consistently integrated. Full integration of human, animal, and environmental domains was observed in only 15.2% of studies, with most exhibiting partial or implicit alignment with One Health principles. Data availability, quality, and spatial and temporal resolution were the most reported limitations. Geospatial modelling plays an increasingly important role in zoonotic disease hotspot identification, yet its capacity to operationalise One Health remains constrained by data fragmentation and uneven domain integration. Strengthening integrated surveillance systems, expanding socio ecological predictor inclusion, and promoting harmonised methodological standards are essential for enhancing the policy relevance and operational impact of geospatial approaches in zoonotic disease prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12857150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From commitment to action: lessons from 18 transdisciplinary projects addressing health risks in wildlife trade.","authors":"Hongying Li, Beate Henrichfreise, Johannes Keil, Michael Nagel, Craig Stephen, Jamie K Reaser","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00190-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00190-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although wildlife trade is recognized as a significant driver of biodiversity loss and zoonotic disease emergence, translating global commitments into effective prevention measures remains challenging. To address this challenge, the International Alliance against Health Risks in Wildlife Trade supported 18 transdisciplinary projects aimed at reducing zoonotic spillover risks and bridging the gaps among science, policy, and implementation. Implemented across 23 countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, plus one global initiative, these projects applied integrated approaches spanning social and behavioral sciences, legal reform, and pathogen surveillance. Rejecting one-size-fits-all solutions, these projects prioritized upstream prevention and tailored risk-reduction efforts to local knowledge systems, cultural values, gender roles, and governance structures. They catalyzed new cross-sectoral partnerships, strengthened local capacity, and identified entry points for policy reform and behavior change through trust-building and inclusive dialogues. Operating in complex and dynamic environments, these projects provided actionable tools for governments and communities while generating practical lessons for implementation. The synthesis of these experiences reveals that sustained change requires more than scientific evidence, it depends on enabling political environments, trusted relationships, and context-sensitive strategies. Despite persistent operational and governance barriers, the projects demonstrate that community-led, locally grounded, and coordinated approaches are both feasible and effective. This article provides an overview of these projects, outlines key lessons, and provides insights to strengthen the prevention of future pandemics at the human–animal–environment interface. By connecting local practice with global ambition, the findings support the implementation of international frameworks and advance an integrated agenda for biodiversity conservation and health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12879439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the antimicrobial resistance testing capacity of public and private veterinary laboratories in Kenya.","authors":"Alexina K Morang'a, Dishon M Muloi, Hannah Aanonsen, Arshnee Moodley","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00192-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00192-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary diagnostic laboratories are crucial in managing animal infections, disease surveillance, and supporting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) stewardship. We assessed the AMR testing capacity of veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Kenya and explored the level of awareness and use of these services. Data was collected through focus group discussions, individual and key informant interviews on access to diagnostic services, and the regulatory framework for veterinary laboratories. The FAO ATLASS survey tool was also used to assess the veterinary laboratory capacity for AMR surveillance. Between October 2023 and February 2024, we engaged farmers (n = 86) and animal health service providers (AHSPs) (n = 40) from Kiambu and Kajiado counties, regulatory authorities (n = 2), and laboratory managers (n = 11) from both public and private veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Ordinal data from the FAO-ATLASS tool were summarized descriptively, while qualitative data from interviews and discussions were thematically analyzed. Kenyan veterinary laboratories are categorized into public and private, and both are regulated by the Kenya Veterinary Board. In the four assessed areas, quality assurance scored the highest mean (57.58%), while activity had the lowest mean (53.03%). Under the category level, highest scores were recorded in workflow organization (87.88%), bacteriology technical practice (63.6%), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods (63.14%). Lowest scores were noted in molecular tools (0%), collaborations (33.57%), and sustainability (33.31%). Some of the challenges included frequent reagent shortages, financial constraints, and outdated equipment. Despite being well-equipped, laboratories are underutilized due to limited awareness among farmers and AHSPs, logistical issues with sample transport, high costs, long turnaround time, failure to receive test results, and low trust. To enhance AMR stewardship, increasing awareness, improving service accessibility, ensuring sustained funding for reagents, equipment maintenance, and maintenance and continuous staff development are critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12879395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-wildlife conflict and its impacts on livelihoods, health, and the environment in Chebera Churchura National Park, Southwest Ethiopia: a phenomenological study using a One Health approach with an urgent call for action.","authors":"Tadesse Guadu, Anteneh Berhane, Tarekegn Solomon, Ararso Tafese, Kissanet Tesfay, Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Berhanu Abera, Belete Debebe, Melaku Getachew, Agumas Shibabaw, Alfoalem Araba Abiye, Mukarim Abdurahman, Waktole Yadeta, Yordanos Tadesse, Hailu Lemma, Knight-Jones Theodore, Siobhan M Mor, Seid Tiku Mereta, Mirgissa Kaba","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00188-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00188-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: Chebera Churchura National Park (CCNP), located in Southwest Ethiopia, was established to conserve biodiversity. However, its contribution to the livelihood and wellbeing of the proximal communities remains limited. Local people derive few tangible benefits from conservation while facing significant costs through crop losses, livestock predation, and restricted access to natural resources factors that intensify human-wildlife conflict (HWC). Previous studies have addressed HWCs focused mainly from ecological and socio-economic aspects with limited attention to the linkage between health dimensions of human, animal and the environment and implications. This study aims to fill this gap by (i) examining the extent and effect of HWCs on livelihoods in CCNP, (ii) exploring community perceptions of wildlife and conservation, and ii) identifying participatory strategies for conflict mitigation through a One Health approach. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative design was used to capture the lived experiences of communities and institutional stakeholders across five kebeles (Ethiopia’s smallest administrative unit) including Chebera, Delba, Koyisha (near the Koysha dam area), Chevera, and Seri-shewa bordering CCNP. Data were collected through in total, 40 in-depth and key informant interviews, systematic field observations, and document reviews. Participants included community members, park staff, local administrators, and professionals from the human health, veterinary, and environmental sectors. Data quality was checked by the research team and cross-checked against recorded information and field notes in the course of analysis. Data were triangulated by participants and analyzed thematically to identify cross-cutting One Health themes. RESULTS: Conflicts involving elephants with humans, monkeys with humans, and buffaloes with humans were identified as major threats to community livelihoods, human health, and environmental integrity. These conflicts primarily arose from competition for space, grazing, and water resources. Which often forced humans, livestock, and wildlife to share limited spaces such as water points and agricultural fields. Such competition opens up for interface between human, wildlife and domestic animals with the potential for zoonotic. Participants reported that the place being highland, malaria persistent episode with poor response to antimalarial treatment. They also described that cattle died despite being treated with veterinary drugs for unexplained febrile diseases, highlighting shared vulnerabilities at the human-animal-environment interface. Limited coordination among human, animal, and environmental health sectors hindered disease prevention and response, while poor infrastructure, insufficient veterinary services, and minimal community participation in park governance further compounded these challenges. CONCLUSION: Human-wildlife conflicts in CCNP threaten livelihoods, health, and ecosystem integrity","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12857082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and potential opportunities for improving One Health surveillance in low-resource settings: Insights from rabies surveillance in Malawi.","authors":"Precious Innocent Mastala, Patrick Ken Kalonde, Enerst Chikhola, Jordana Burdon Bailey, Joseph Nkhoma, Frederic Lohr, Tamanda Hiwa, Bessie Phiri, Catherine Wood, Thoko Flav Kapalamula, Fanuel Bickton, Blessings Chiepa, Hannah Joan Jørgensen, Stella Mazeri, Janelisa Musaya","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00193-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00193-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing threat of zoonotic diseases has driven an increased interest in “One Health”, a framework that demands a more holistic approach to understanding, preventing and controlling the emergence and spread of health risks at the human-animal-environment interface. This approach requires systems that capture data across human, animal, and environmental health sectors. However, in resource-limited settings, critical actors, namely public health departments, veterinary services, and environmental monitoring agencies, are often underfunded and lack robust surveillance systems. Additionally, the absence of historical collaboration between these sectors often results in limited or nonexistent data sharing, further hindering effective disease monitoring and response. During a study on the epidemiology of human rabies and accessibility of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Southern Malawi, we observed significant disparities in data management infrastructure between human and animal health sectors. Furthermore, there were significant challenges in data capturing, management, and sharing. These issues remain in practice largely because of the absence of digital and standardized data management systems, especially in the animal health sector, compounded by insufficient recognition of the importance of surveillance and its low prioritization in health strategies. This gap hinders the accurate reporting of diseases, disrupts resource allocation for prevention and control, and prevents countries from contributing to global disease records, thereby limiting international efforts to track and mitigate emerging infectious disease threats. To address these challenges, future efforts should consider standardizing record capture, improving data storage practices, leveraging existing technical capacities, promoting wide-scale use of electronic records, and developing intersectoral and interoperable information management systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Usutu virus fatal infections in Chilean tinamous (Nothoprocta perdicaria), brahminy starlings (Sturnia pagodarum), and multiple other bird species in zoological gardens and wildlife in the Czech Republic.","authors":"Jan Kamiš, Veronika Grymová, Petr Suvorov, Luc Tardy, Petr Vrána, Jan Kirner, Soňa Peková, Vladimír Piaček, Miša Škorič, Jan Pokorný, Natalie Rudenko, Martin Palus, Václav Hönig","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00191-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00191-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The Usutu virus (USUV; Orthoflavivirus, Flaviviridae) is a mosquito-borne pathogen causing fatal neuroinfections in susceptible wild and captive birds, particularly blackbirds, other passerines, and owls. Zoological gardens provide favourable conditions for the circulation of such viruses due to the proximity of diverse species and limited options for prevention. METHODS: Following the sudden death of several Chilean tinamous kept in the Brno zoological garden, we tested tissues sampled from 22 bird cadavers (from zoos, private owners, and free-living birds) for the presence of USUV and West Nile virus (WNV) RNA using duplex reverse transcription qPCR. Near-complete whole-genome sequences were acquired from positive samples by next-generation sequencing and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore, serum samples from additional zoo animals and privately owned birds were screened for anti-flavivirus antibodies using ELISA and subsequently confirmed by the virus neutralization test. RESULTS: We report fatal USUV infections in multiple bird species from three zoological gardens in the Czech Republic. Duplex RT-qPCR targeting USUV and West Nile virus (WNV) detected USUV RNA in tissues from two Boreal owls (Aegolius funereus), one Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum), two Brahminy starlings (Sturnia pagodarum), and four Chilean tinamous (Nothoprocta perdicaria). Additionally, three randomly found cadavers of free-living blackbirds (Turdus merula) tested positive. Pathological findings ranged from minimal pathological changes to pronounced hepatosplenomegaly with intestinal bleeding. Phylogenetic analysis of near-complete genome sequences assigned all viruses to the Europe 2 genetic lineage, revealing partial geographic clustering among isolates obtained in this study. Serological testing confirmed exposure in additional birds and demonstrated cross-neutralisation between anti-USUV and anti-WNV-positive sera. CONCLUSIONS: In zoological gardens, flavivirus infections can cause substantial losses, even among rarely bred or endangered species. Given the zoonotic potential of both USUV and WNV, documenting their occurrence in avian hosts is important not only for animal health but also for human disease surveillance from the One Health perspective. </p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One health-sustainability intersections: an umbrella systematic review with a new integrated definition of sustainability and a meta-conceptual framework.","authors":"Osman Ahmed Dar, Melika Akhbari, Ali Akhbari, Hassaan Zahid, Max Claron, Neil Spicer, Hadjer Nacer, Mishal Khan","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00187-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00187-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This umbrella systematic review synthesizes existing conceptual approaches to sustainability across human, animal, and environmental health disciplines, framed within the One Health paradigm. The study aims to develop a conceptual framework for analysing sustainability across One Health initiatives, interventions, and programs. The review included 38 studies that met the inclusion criteria, focusing on definitions, conceptual frameworks, and analytical frameworks of sustainability. Deductive thematic synthesis revealed key determinants and characteristics of sustainability, highlighting both similarities and differences across sectors. Across the 38 included reviews, we identified characteristics of sustainability existing along a process-outcomes continuum which we further grouped into fifteen process-focused characteristics, and outputs and outcomes that were categorized across a variety of contexts including acute emergency or humanitarian settings as well as within a stable macroeconomic and social construct. The review identified that sustainability has over time become more well defined and evaluated within the human health sector, with fewer review studies addressing it for animal and environmental health. Multisectoral studies often integrate the Brundtland Commission’s definition of sustainability, emphasizing social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The findings also highlight the importance of equity, resilience, and systems thinking in sustainability assessments. The analysis in our review underscores the need for a more holistic and integrated approach to sustainability that considers the interconnectedness of human, animals and ecosystems and that addresses the co-benefits and trade-offs across sectors. In our synthesis these concepts were coded from included reviews and mapped onto both the integrated definition and the meta-conceptual framework, ensuring they were structurally embedded into the proposed approach. A new integrated definition of sustainability is proposed, emphasizing quality-assured systems, services and interventions that are just and equitable, while being socially, economically, and environmentally viable, adaptable over time, and optimised for health benefits across humans, animals, and ecosystems without compromising future generations’ well-being. The accompanying evidence derived meta-conceptual framework serves as a normative guide for analysing sustainability in One Health contexts, adaptable across varying scales and health challenges. It is intended for use by policymakers, implementers and evaluators working on multisectoral programmes in human, animal and environmental health, particularly where a trade-off or co-benefit analysis is needed and where integrated approaches are being developed or scaled. Our study offers a robust evidence-based foundation for designing, assessing and implementing sustainable practices across One Health initiatives. Future research should focus on validating a","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health messaging and community engagement during COVID-19: a rapid-review from the Greater Mekong Subregion.","authors":"Kaia Vedlog Kveen, Kyra Lilier, Marte Karoline Råberg Kjøllesdal, Mijail Naranjo-Zolotov, Patcharin Lapanun, Inês Veiga, Sara Dias, Hans Jørgen Overgaard, Kate Bärnighausen","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00183-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00183-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of public health messaging and community engagement in reducing disease transmission. This rapid review analyzes these approaches in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), a hotspot for emerging infectious diseases, to help inform future pandemic preparedness and response strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This rapid review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Checklist. We used Web of Science and PubMed databases. Articles were included if they addressed COVID-19-related public health messaging and/or community engagement initiatives, focused on countries within the GMS, were published in English between 2020 and 2024, and provided full-text access. Articles focusing on unrelated topics, such as vaccine development or adverse effects of the pandemic were excluded. Data extraction was performed using a calibrated data extraction sheet, with two researchers extracting and verifying the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the screening process, 26 articles were included, and 24 were excluded. Three articles use qualitative methods, five articles use quantitative approaches, eleven articles are identified as descriptive and seven are literature reviews. In most countries the government employed a centralized strategy for streamlined and coherent communication using traditional media, social media and mobile applications. Vietnam demonstrated an innovative and inclusive approach to risk communication, leveraging creative approaches such as songs and slogans to disseminate messages. Thailand effectively utilized its pre-existing network of village health volunteers to inform community members, though marginalized groups remained hard to reach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The GMS employed diverse public health messaging and community engagement strategies during COVID-19. Our findings emphasize the importance of adaptable and inclusive strategies to ensure equitable public health outcomes in future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12690867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral zoonotic disease outbreaks and response strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.","authors":"Sherihane Aryeetey, Philip El-Duah, Jonathan Mawutor Gmanyami, George Agyei, Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Rexford Mawunyo Dumevi, William Tasiame, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Richard Odame Phillips, Christian Drosten, Michael Owusu","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00186-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00186-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Viral zoonoses, particularly RNA viruses, pose a growing public health threat in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to ecological disruption, rapid urbanization, and weak health systems. This scoping review synthesizes the available evidence on viral zoonotic outbreaks in SSA, focusing on documented public health and medical response strategies and the extent to which the One Health approach has been applied. METHODS: We conducted searches of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2005 and March 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google, and website searches including WHO-AFRO and Africa CDC. The search strategy combined Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords related to “zoonotic viruses,” “outbreaks,” “response,” and “Sub-Saharan Africa.” Eligible studies included outbreak reports, surveillance summaries, case reports, and epidemiological investigations involving human and/or animal viral zoonotic disease outbreaks in SSA. Data on outbreak characteristics, transmission patterns, response strategies, and One Health implementation were extracted. RESULTS: From an initial pool of 4,534 studies, fifty-two met the inclusion criteria. Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV), Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Monkeypox, and Lassa virus were the most frequently reported viruses. A notable case of Lassa fever and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection was reported in Guinea. Transmission routes varied: direct contact, vector-borne, sexual, and nosocomial transmission. Reported public health responses included case isolation, contact tracing, community sensitization, vector control, and livestock surveillance, though there was limited formal assessment of their effectiveness. Integration of the One Health approach was inconsistently applied and explicitly documented in only a few studies. CONCLUSION: Zoonotic viral outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa remain a recurrent and evolving public health challenge due to persistent gaps in surveillance, preparedness, and cross-sector coordination. Strengthening community-based detection, rapid laboratory confirmation, health system capacity for diagnostics and response, and fully operationalizing One Health frameworks is essential to enhance early warning and outbreak control. </p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12801751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of insect-specific viruses in mosquitoes collected from wildlife and rural areas in north-eastern parts of South Africa using a metagenomic RNA sequencing approach.","authors":"Sascha Kacnik, Caitlin MacIntyre, Milehna Guarido, Marietjie Venter","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00185-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00185-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Next generation sequencing (NGS) has expanded virus detection capabilities beyond the limitations of sequence-specific methods. While mosquito collections in South Africa (SA) have been investigated for the major arbovirus genera (Alpha-, Orthobunya-, and Orthoflavivirus), research on insect-specific viruses (ISVs) is limited. METHODS: Here we used an RNA-sequencing viral-metagenomics approach to investigate arboviruses and ISVs in mosquitoes collected in SA. Ten archived mosquito pools, representing up to 50 mosquitoes per pool, previously tested for the major arbovirus genera were investigated for the presence of additional viruses using NGS. These pools included known arbovirus mosquito vectors from the Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Mansonia genera, collected from wildlife areas in the Kruger National Park (Mpumalanga/Limpopo) and rural areas of Jozini (KwaZulu-Natal). Extracted RNA was DNA-depleted, subjected to Sequence Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA), and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. RESULTS: Although no mammalian arboviruses were detected, bioinformatic analysis detected several ISVs in pools of Aedes aegypti, Ae.ochraceus, and Anopheles squamosus mosquitoes. These ISVs included the cell fusing agent-, Tesano aedes-, Fako-, formosus-, verdadero-, Aedes partiti-like virus 1 and the Kwale mosquito virus and several novel ISVs within the Iflavivirus genus as well as some unclassified viruses. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the value of sequence independent metagenomics approaches to detect novel viruses in mosquito pools. Such studies provide insight into viral diversity and mosquito-virus interactions, supporting the future evaluation of ISVs as biological control agents. This in turn can contribute to protecting the health of animals and humans within a One Health approach. </p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":" ","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12706928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}