One health outlook最新文献

{"title":"Ecological determinants driving orthohantavirus prevalence in small mammals of Europe: a systematic review.","authors":"Daniele Fabbri, Monica Mirolo, Valentina Tagliapietra, Martin Ludlow, Albert Osterhaus, Paola Beraldo","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00136-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00136-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthohantaviruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens that cause severe human disease and are considered an emerging public health threat globally. Mammalian orthohantaviruses are naturally maintained in rodent species and occasionally in other mammals. The abundance and density of natural orthohantavirus reservoir species are affected by multi annual and seasonal population cycles, community composition, ecosystem variables and climate. Horizontal transmission between host species is mostly density-driven and occurs via contact with infected host excreta, thus, fluctuations in populations and environmental variables often determine the prevalence of hantavirus in natural hosts. Given the zoonotic potential of hantaviruses, ecological factors influencing their spread and persistence in their natural reservoir and population dynamics influencing horizontal transmission require critical evaluation for human infection risk assessment. The present review paper discusses the impacts of natural host population cycles and ecosystem diversity, environmental conditions, and abiotic factors on the epidemiology of rodent-borne hantavirus infections in Europe. While significant efforts have been made to understand the drivers of hantavirus prevalence in natural hosts, we highlight key challenges in evaluating viral prevalence and assessing the role of environmental and population variables in determining hantavirus prevalence in host species.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The determinants of rabies knowledge, attitudes and practices among dog owners in the North-Eastern Region of Peninsular Malaysia: a multivariable analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Fazrul Mohammad Basir, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohamad, Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi, Ainin Syakirah Rosli, Mohammad Sabri Abdul Rahman, Anas Rosedi, Suhaily Mohd Hairon","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00137-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00137-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rabies poses a significant public health threat worldwide, primarily transmitted through dog bites. Understanding community knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding rabies is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to determine KAP levels and their determinants among dog owners in Kelantan, Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 among 232 dog owners attending mass canine vaccination programs conducted by Kelantan State Department of Veterinary Services. A validated and structured questionnaire assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices of rabies. The determinants were analysed through multiple logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 53.0% exhibited good knowledge, 26.7% had positive attitudes, and 40.0% demonstrated good practices concerning rabies. Higher education levels (AOR = 3.15,95%CI:1.07,9.26), attending rabies programs (AOR = 3.79,95%CI:1.37,10.43), and owning two dogs (AOR = 2.25,95%CI:1.09,4.61) were associated with good knowledge. Medium and long duration of dog ownership durations (AOR = 0.23,95%CI:0.10,0.53 and AOR = 0.40, 95%CI:0.16,0.98 respectively) has lower chances to have positive attitudes, while larger households (AOR = 1.49,95%CI:1.18,1.87) and higher knowledge scores (AOR = 2.80,95% CI:1.06,7.42) were associated to positive attitudes. Older age groups (AOR = 0.27,95%CI:0.12,0.6 and AOR = 0.22,95%CI:0.09,0.50) was associated with suboptimal practices, whereas higher knowledge scores (AOR = 1.29,95% CI:1.08,1.54) and acquiring dogs through formal channels (AOR = 4.79,95%CI:1.85,12.39) were associated with good practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study identified critical knowledge gaps, misconceptions, and suboptimal practices among dog owners in Kelantan, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Tailored educational programs, community engagement strategies, and a comprehensive One Health approach towards the high-risk groups of dog owner are recommended to enhance rabies prevention and control efforts, ultimately safeguarding human, and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11916990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella in Raw cow milk & its products in Bishoftu city, central Ethiopia: implication for public health.","authors":"Lema Temesgen, Takele Beyene Tufa, Fufa Abunna","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00134-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00134-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella is a significant foodborne pathogen, with milk and milk products commonly implicated in its transmission. However, limited information is available regarding the direct link between antimicrobial use (AMU), dairy hygiene practices, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella strains isolated from dairy products in Bishoftu town.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional research was done from October 2023 to April 2024 to assess dairy farmers' antimicrobial usage (AMU) and hygiene practices and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonella isolated from raw cow milk and its products. A structured questionnaire was also used to assess the milk value chain's knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding AMU, AMR, and hygiene practices. Salmonella isolation and identification was conducted using standard microbiological techniques and further confirmation was carried out using the OmniLog system. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique..Data was analyzed using STATA version 14.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 41 dairy farmers interviewed, it was found that most of the respondents had sufficient knowledge (78%), desired attitudes (90%), and good practices (76%) regarding AMU and AMR. However, 36% of dairy farms had poor hygienic practices. Overall, 2% (n = 4) of the samples tested positive for S. enterica. Of the 4 isolates, 3 were identified in dairy farm samples, whereas 1 was isolated from milk vendors. However, no Salmonella was identified in cheese or yoghurt samples obtained from the restaurants. Regarding the AMR profile, S. enterica isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (75%), streptomycin (75%), and tetracycline (50%). Resistant to two or more antimicrobials were identified in 75% of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicated contamination of cow milk and its products with S. enterica. Therefore, appropriate control measures, including awareness creation among personnel and improving hygienic practices at the milk value chains is recommended to mitigate cross-contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case for a one-health approach to venomous snakebite, using the epidemiological triad model, for mitigation.","authors":"Jaideep C Menon, Sabarish B Nair, T P Sreekrishnan, Vijay V Pillay, Srikanta Kanungo, Sanghamitra Pati","doi":"10.1186/s42522-024-00128-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-024-00128-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Snakebite envenoming (SBE) was listed as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), by the WHO in 2017. SBE kills more victims than all the other NTDs put together. SBE is a condition associated with poverty, inequity, inaccessibility and poor health systems. The major burden of SBE is borne by the countries of South-Asia, led by India, with an estimated 58,000 deaths annually. This as compared with the USA or Australia where deaths due to SBE is in a single digit, despite having equally venomous species. SBE is also a significant cause for loss of livestock in the Tropics. Research in the domain of snakebite has largely been limited to study of venoms and therapeutic aspects, and not as much on snake behaviour and habitats, and the environment. BODY: Snakebite is most often accidental, preventable and treatable. For mitigation of snakebite and the complications thereof, snakebite and SBE need be viewed from a one-health framework. The one-health approach to snakebite factors for the role of the environment, habitats, study of snakes, venom, factors and circumstances contributing to the accident. The current one-health framework proposed using the 'epidemiologic triad' model of agent-host-environment, allows for a better understanding and descriptione of the snake-human/livestock conflict. With snakes being the agent, humans/ livestock the host, and the ecosystem harbouring snakes the environment. This approach helps us to delineate the individual attributes influencing the snake-human conflict, and its outcomes. In the proposed one-health model we expand on the agent-host-environment (proximal factors), to an outer setting of more distal factors which too have an influence on snakebite and SBE. The outer setting includes the social determinants of health, eco climatic factors, socio-cultural factors, health systems, infrastructure and development all of which either directly or indirectly have a bearing on snakebite, and the outcomes resulting from the accident. (Fig. 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The one-health model built on the epidemiologic triad model helps encompass most of the factors that influence or lead to the snake-human/ livestock conflict. This model will facilitate preventative measures and help address the steps required to mitigate death and morbidity due to SBE.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific highlights of the 8th world one health Congress, Cape Town, South Africa 2024.","authors":"Leslie Reperant, John Mackenzie, Marietjie Venter, Misheck Mulumba, Albert Osterhaus","doi":"10.1186/s42522-025-00143-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-025-00143-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 8th World One Health Congress took place in Cape Town, South Africa on 20-23 September 2024 to address all cross-sectoral and transdisciplinary aspects of the One Health paradigm, integrating human, animal, and environmental health. It brought together more than 1400 participants from 87 countries, and 400 speakers across 70 sessions. We summarize here the fourteen keynote lectures, which emphasized the need for a One Health approach to better integrate plant and agricultural health against food insecurity; the continuing challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance and emerging infectious threats; a paradigm shift towards health risk prevention; and approaches to further strengthen and expand the impact of the One Health movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11899346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New area of occurrence of human brucellosis in Brazil: serological and molecular prevalence and risk factors associated with Brucella abortus infection.","authors":"Thaís de Souza de Matos, Ana Leticia Pereira Fernandes, Ividy Bison, Andréa Silva de Medeiros Bandeira, Wigínio Gabriel de Lira Bandeira, Jordan de Castro Nunes, Eduardo Sérgio Soares Souza, Vinícius Pietta Perez, Vinicius Longo Ribeiro Vilela, Roberta Nunes Parentoni, Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil","doi":"10.1186/s42522-024-00131-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-024-00131-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brucellosis is a re-emerging underdiagnosed zoonosis that has significant relevance, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to report the first cases of human brucellosis in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Brucella abortus infection in slaughterhouse workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2021 to February 2022 in public and private slaughterhouses in the state of Paraíba. Blood samples were collected from 188 people and tested using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), a screening test, and the 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and standard tube agglutination test (STAT), which are confirmatory tests. Samples that tested positive were subjected to molecular analysis using qPCR. Risk factors were determined through multivariate analysis based on epidemiological questionnaires administered to the workers. After the diagnoses, results were provided to the participants, and health education campaigns were conducted for all workers in the evaluated slaughterhouses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found a serological prevalence (RBT + 2-ME + STAT) of 4.2% (16/188) (95% CI = [1.28; 6.96], sensibility 90% specificity 95%)among workers. Five samples were positive in qPCR with Ct (Cycle threshold ) values ranging from 31.58 to 38.11. The ingestion of undercooked meat was identified as a risk factor, with a 2.95 times higher chance of contamination. Among the 16 individuals who tested positive in the serological tests, 15 (p<0.0001) reported in the epidemiological questionnaire that they did not know what brucellosis is.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These are the first published cases of human brucellosis in the state of Paraíba, reinforcing the hypothesis that the bacterium is circulating among slaughterhouse workers. This underscores the need to develop public policies that provide adequate medical support to the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of climatic changes in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases: bibliometric analysis and literature-supported studies on zoonoses.","authors":"Walter Leal Filho, Gustavo J Nagy, Gouvidé Jean Gbaguidi, Shlomit Paz, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, Johannes M Luetz, Ayyoob Sharifi","doi":"10.1186/s42522-024-00127-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-024-00127-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change (CC) is increasingly recognised as a critical driver in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. The relationship between CC and infectious diseases is complex and multifaceted, encompassing changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. This study describes the role of CC in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases, emphasising zoonoses. It used a mixed methodology, including an initial literature contextualisation and a bibliometric analysis, to identify key thematic research areas related to CC and zoonotic diseases and show their connections. The research relied on the Scopus database for the identification of relevant source literature and focused the search query on publications in English. VOSviewer was used to discover clear thematic clusters that illustrate what research areas have been addressed in the literature and how they are interlinked. In addition, the research selected and analysed twelve literature-supported studies to investigate the relevance of the zoonoses involved in infectious disease emergence and re-emergence linked to CC impacts. Many pathogens and their vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and rodents, are sensitive to temperature and moisture. CC can expand or shift the geographical distribution of these vectors, bringing diseases to new areas. Warmer temperatures may allow mosquitoes that transmit diseases like malaria and dengue fever to survive and reproduce in regions that were previously too cold. Also, extreme events such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes can lead to immediate increases in waterborne and vector-borne diseases (VBD) by facilitating the spread of pathogens. There is a need to better understand the connections between CC and zoonoses. To address the challenges posed by zoonoses linked to CC, international organizations like the WHO should coordinate a global response to provide clear guidance. Governments must integrate CC and zoonoses into national health policies, ensuring that health frameworks address these interconnected risks. Funding should be allocated for research on the root causes of CC and for strengthening defenses, particularly in developing countries with fragile health systems. Additionally, enhanced communication, education, and training for healthcare professionals about the links between CC and zoonoses are essential for raising awareness and promoting proactive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a one health data integration framework focused on real-time pathogen surveillance and applied genomic epidemiology.","authors":"Hanna N Oltean, Beth Lipton, Allison Black, Kevin Snekvik, Katie Haman, Minden Buswell, Anna E Baines, Peter M Rabinowitz, Shannon L Russell, Sean Shadomy, Ria R Ghai, Steven Rekant, Scott Lindquist, Janet G Baseman","doi":"10.1186/s42522-024-00133-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-024-00133-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The One Health approach aims to balance and optimize the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems, recognizing that shared health outcomes are interdependent. A One Health approach to disease surveillance, control, and prevention requires infrastructure for coordinating, collecting, integrating, and analyzing data across sectors, incorporating human, animal, and environmental surveillance data, as well as pathogen genomic data. However, unlike data interoperability problems faced within a single organization or sector, data coordination and integration across One Health sectors requires engagement among partners to develop shared goals and capacity at the response level. Successful examples are rare; as such, we sought to develop a framework for local One Health practitioners to utilize in support of such efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic scientific and gray literature review to inform development of a One Health data integration framework. We discussed a draft framework with 17 One Health and informatics experts during semi-structured interviews. Approaches to genomic data integration were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 57 records were included in the final study, representing 13 pre-defined frameworks for health systems, One Health, or data integration. These frameworks, included articles, and expert feedback were incorporated into a novel framework for One Health data integration. Two scenarios for genomic data integration were identified in the literature and outlined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Frameworks currently exist for One Health data integration and separately for general informatics processes; however, their integration and application to real-time disease surveillance raises unique considerations. The framework developed herein considers common challenges of limited resource settings, including lack of informatics support during planning, and the need to move beyond scoping and planning to system development, production, and joint analyses. Several important considerations separate this One Health framework from more generalized informatics frameworks; these include complex partner identification, requirements for engagement and co-development of system scope, complex data governance, and a requirement for joint data analysis, reporting, and interpretation across sectors for success. This framework will support operationalization of data integration at the response level, providing early warning for impending One Health events, promoting identification of novel hypotheses and insights, and allowing for integrated One Health solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-bat contacts in the Netherlands, and potential risks for virus exchange.","authors":"L Begeman, M J M Geschiere, W F de Boer, J M A van den Brand, P L Eblé, J H T C van der Kerkhof, I Keur, P H C Lina, C B E M Reusken, M de Rosa, M J Schillemans, I Schreuder, C M Swaan, K van Zoonen, T Kuiken","doi":"10.1186/s42522-024-00132-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-024-00132-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contacts between people and free-ranging animals have a potential to cause viral disease epidemics when novel viruses are exchanged. The Netherlands has approximately 18 native bat species, of which some generally use buildings for roosting, and has a dense human population. Frequent indirect and direct contacts between bats and humans could thus be expected, however, this has hardly been studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To study human-bat contacts, people living in the Netherlands were questioned about the type and frequency of their bat contacts, their bat knowledge and perception of bats. For analyses respondents were grouped into (1) general population, (2) bat contact risk group, and (3) people that live in a house with a roost site for a Common Pipistrelle Bat maternity group. Associations between human-bat contacts and other variables were tested by an ordinal logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We show that 85% (226/265) of group 1 reported no contacts, while 11% (28/265) reported indirect, and 4% (11/265) direct contacts with live bats, dead bats or bat products as their closest type of contacts. These contacts occurred mostly less than yearly. Somewhat similarly, the majority, 69% (9/13) of group 3 reported no contacts, and 15% (2/13) reported indirect contacts and 15% (2/13) reported direct contacts. These occurred monthly to less than yearly. In contrast, a minority, 5% (11/227) in group 2 reported no contacts, while 37% (85/227) reported direct bat contacts, mostly yearly, and 38% (86/227) reported bat-related injury, mostly less than yearly, as their closest type of contact. Overall, an increase in knowledge on bats and bat-related diseases was correlated with closer bat contacts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that even though bats live close to people in the Netherlands, direct contacts between bats, or bat products, and humans are rare in people from the general population, while being common in people involved in bat-related work. Mitigation of human-bat contacts will be most efficient when targeted to specific groups that are likely to have contacts with bats.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020-2022: mixed methods approach.","authors":"Nassoro Mwanyalu, Athman Mwatondo, Veronicah Chuchu, Kimani Maina, Mathew Muturi, Mathew Mutiiria, Daniel Chepkwony, Maurice Owiny, Peninah Munyua","doi":"10.1186/s42522-024-00129-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42522-024-00129-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kenya launched a Rabies Elimination Strategy in 2014, aiming to end human rabies deaths by 2030. In March 2022, Lamu County reported increased cases of human dog bites and suspected rabies deaths to the Ministry of Health (MoH). We aimed to establish the extent of the rabies outbreak in humans and animals and determine the challenges to achieving rabies elimination by 2030.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted dog bite reports from the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS), national surveillance database system, and reviewed medical records at health facilities in Lamu County for suspected human rabies deaths from 2020 to 2022. We obtained information about animal bites and illnesses in deceased persons, checked the availability of anti-rabies vaccines in health facilities, and administered rabies knowledge and practice questionnaires to health workers. For categorical data, frequencies and proportions were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 787 dog bite cases and six human rabies cases. Only a third (2/6) of the rabies cases were uploaded to the KHIS. The county used targeted dog vaccination, and samples were not collected from the biting dogs. Regarding the availability of human rabies vaccines, half (8/16) of the facilities had the human rabies vaccine, and 19% (3/16) had both the human rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Rabies vaccine stock-outs were common at 73% (11/16). Only 25% (18/73) of the health workers reported their first action would be to clean the bite wound with running water and soap for 15 min. Additionally, 86% (54/63) did not know the recommended human rabies vaccine and RIG dosage and schedule, while 25% (18/73) of healthcare workers were satisfied with the existing information-sharing mechanisms between veterinary and human health departments for rabies prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was underreporting of rabies cases, a lack of awareness of bite wound management at health facilities, and persistent stockouts of human rabies vaccines. We suggest training healthcare workers on animal bite case management and improving One Health information exchange.</p>","PeriodicalId":94348,"journal":{"name":"One health outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}