Journal of pharmaceutical analysis最新文献

{"title":"The role of stem cells in the pharmacological assessment of nanoparticles.","authors":"Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser, Abdulaziz Khaled Aldoaiji, Rakan Abdulrahman Alharbi, Hussain Qassem Alhajjoj, Waleed Talal Aldebassi, Abdulrahman Ahmed Almaiman, Abdulelah Hussain Almutairi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem cells aid in the pharmacological assessment of nanoparticles by serving as a human-relevant, dynamic, and scalable model. Their integration into nanoparticle research enhances toxicity screening and therapeutic optimization by evaluating absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) parameters across models ranging from simple <i>in vitro</i> cultures to complex organoids. They provide insights into how nanoparticles interact with biological systems, guiding the rational design of safer, more effective nanomedicines. Conventional <i>in vitro</i> and animal models often fall short in recapitulating human-specific responses, as they cannot fully capture the complex interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems. This limitation significantly reduces the predictive accuracy of toxicity and efficacy assessments. In contrast, stem cell-based models offer a transformative platform by providing physiologically relevant, patient-specific and organotypic systems which help overcome critical challenges such as species differences, limited cellular diversity, and ethical concerns associated with animal testing. This review examines the fundamentals of nanoparticle and stem cell interactions, ADMET profiling, and the immunomodulatory properties of nanoparticles, all of which are pivotal for comprehensive pharmacological assessment. The key challenges such as standardization, long-term safety, and regulatory compliance that hinder clinical translation are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101547"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-formulations in therapeutic strategies targeting cancer ferroptosis.","authors":"Mingyue Zhou, Jin Lan, Tianyang Zhang, Zhiyong Li, Chongyang Ou, Jun Xiong, Juan Su, Shuai Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis is a cell death mode caused by excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides (LPOs) due to intracellular metabolic pathway disorder, which is closely related to intracellular iron metabolism and lipid homeostasis. In cancer therapy, this metabolic imbalance promotes the clearance of tumor cells, suggesting that ferroptosis exerts a tumor suppressor function. However, the clinical translation of ferroptosis-based strategies in oncology is currently hindered by challenges such as inadequate therapeutic efficacy. In the past five years, the rational design of nano-formulations to induce cancer ferroptosis combined with other emerging therapeutic modalities (chemotherapy (CT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and immunotherapy) has achieved promising therapeutic effects in many rodent tumor models. This review summarizes the recent progress of novel nano-formulations for cancer ferroptosis therapy. The multiple mechanisms and detection indicators of cancer cells during ferroptosis, the rational design of novel nano-formulations, and their strategies for inducing cancer ferroptosis will be introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects of utilizing novel nano-formulations for cancer ferroptosis therapy will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101551"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsphere-loaded dual-response <i>in situ</i> gel for enhanced ocular drug delivery.","authors":"Jinlan Mao, Kangyiran Pan, Suling Bei, Haidong Guo, Shuai Wang, Bowen Pan, Yuqian Liang, Yiqing Dai, Ilva D Rupenthal, Li Liu, Xifeng Teng, Dongzhi Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is one of the most common blinding eye diseases worldwide. The limited ocular surface retention leading to a short duration of efficacy is the challenge in topical ocular drug delivery for glaucoma treatment. In this study, we developed a microsphere-<i>in-situ</i> gel composite drug delivery system (MPs-DSISG) containing Eudragit RS PO microspheres and a cation- and temperature-sensitive <i>in situ</i> gel, exhibiting dual-response properties. Precorneal fluorescence retention and tear elimination kinetics experiments confirmed that the ocular residence time of MPs-DSISG was longer than that of commercially available formulations and drug solutions. Besides prolonged retention time, the incorporated microspheres exhibited affinity for corneal epithelial cells and embedded themselves in the superficial layers of the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule, episclera, and sclera. This enabled MPs-DSISG to achieve a 24 h intraocular pressure reduction, thus substantially reducing the dosing frequency. MPs-DSISG also demonstrated good biocompatibility‌ without ocular irritation and disturbing the tear film. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that incorporating microspheres into an <i>in</i> <i>situ</i> gel prolonged ocular retention and enhanced sustained drug efficacy, offering a promising improved treatment for anterior segment diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101593"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149121593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing pre-existing anti-PEG antibody detection: A key to clarifying their binding features and clinical relevance.","authors":"Jiaru Fu, Tianhao Ding, Guanghui Li, Ercan Wu, Anqi Wei, Mengyuan Liu, Bin Wang, Changyou Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely used pharmaceutical excipient to improve drug solubility and prolong <i>in vivo</i> circulation duration. Although it was initially considered non-immunogenic, recent studies have confirmed the ubiquitous presence of anti-PEG antibodies pre-existing in human, influencing the efficacy and safety of multiple PEGylated medicines. Due to the contradictions of current anti-PEG antibody detection methods and unclear induction mechanism of human pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies, the actual prevalence, binding features, and biological effects of pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies remain elusive, hampering the clinical implementation of personalized PEGylated therapeutics, as well as the rational design of evasion strategies and the development of innovative PEG materials and PEGylated nanocarriers. Herein, we established a robust enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based methodology for the detection of human pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies, and defined the positive threshold based on complement activation. Mechanistic analysis revealed that human pre-existing anti-PEG IgG predominantly recognized the PEG backbone, while anti-PEG IgM specifically bound to the methoxy end group. Notably, the weak binding affinity of human pre-existing anti-PEG IgG limited its ability to induce complement activation or promote capture of PEGylated liposomes by mononuclear phagocyte system, in contrast to IgM. Collectively, this study not only provided a reliable detection strategy for human pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies, but also revealed the distinct binding patterns, affinities, and biological effects of pre-existing anti-PEG IgM and IgG, with important implications for the safe and rational applications of PEGylated therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101609"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging natural product development strategies drive the therapeutic potential exploration and clinical translation of hydroxysafflor yellow A.","authors":"Haonan Zhu, Xiao Ni, Zhe Yu, Si Liang, Yi Qiu, Jun Huang, Tao Tang, Yang Wang, En Hu, Teng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a structurally unique quinochalcone di-C-glycoside derived from safflower that exhibits broad-spectrum therapeutic activities, including cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. As the principal active component in approved clinical injections, HSYA has demonstrated notable efficacy in acute ischemic stroke (IS). Recent breakthroughs in elucidating its biosynthetic pathway have enabled semi-synthetic and <i>de novo</i> production, laying the groundwork for industrial-scale application. However, HSYA's clinical translation remains hindered by physicochemical instability, poor oral bioavailability, short half-life, and fragmented mechanistic understanding. Additionally, inconsistent dosing regimens and the lack of in-depth mechanism exploration limit its therapeutic optimization. This review summarizes current advances in HSYA research, including its pharmacology, formulation strategies, and translational barriers. We propose integrative solutions involving nanostructure engineering, systems pharmacology, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted target identification to overcome current limitations. Together, these strategies aim to establish HSYA as a generalizable paradigm for advancing natural product-based therapeutics from bench to bedside.</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101534"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-layered target identification strategy of natural products: Daphnetin targets NQO1 and OPLAH in silicosis alleviation.","authors":"Ling Wang, Bo-Yan Ma, Sheng-Ping Jiang, Shu-Ting Wei, Xue-Mei Qin, Zhen-Yu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumoconiosis is a common occupational lung disease with unclear pathogenesis and no effective targeted therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that daphnetin is a promising therapeutic candidate for silicosis, yet its efficacy targets remain poorly characterized. In this study, we propose and implement a multi-layered target identification strategy that integrates transcriptomics, clinical metabolomics, public database mining, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based target prediction model, and tissue-based thermal proteome profiling (Tissue-TPP) technology. This strategy enables stepwise elucidation, from pneumoconiosis-related targets to daphnetin efficacy targets and ultimately to direct targets. Using this approach, we validated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NAD(P)H) quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH) as direct targets of daphnetin, and identified Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and arginase 1 (ARG1) as indirect targets. Notably, OPLAH is reported here as a direct target of daphnetin for the first time. Furthermore, the binding of daphnetin to NQO1 and OPLAH helps explain its effects on cellular thiol levels. Using a thiol-responsive probe, we observed that daphnetin significantly increased intracellular thiol levels and reduced silica-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in both A549 and THP-1 cells, thereby contributing to its antioxidant effects. Additionally, overexpression (OE) of OPLAH significantly increased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and alleviated silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, OPLAH knockdown partially inhibited the efficacy of daphnetin. Together, these findings clarify the anti-fibrotic mechanism of daphnetin, support its therapeutic potential for silicosis, and provide a practical framework for the target discovery of natural products (NPs).</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101629"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dots derived from natural medicines: Therapeutic advances and challenges.","authors":"Ao Zhang, Yichen Sun, Meng Li, Foxing Tan, Fuqiong Zhou, Jie Ruan, Shijie Zhang, Kang Ding, Tao Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel nanomaterial exhibiting exceptional biocompatibility, tunable fluorescence, and versatile functionality, making them a promising candidate in biomedicine. Natural medicines, including plants, animals, minerals, and their extracts, represent ideal precursors for CD synthesis due to their abundance, renewability, and eco-friendliness. This addresses sustainability and environmental concerns associated with conventional chemical precursors. Natural medicine-derived CDs (NM-CDs) feature quasi-spherical core-shell structures, ranging from 1 to 10 nm, with surface hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups enhancing their hydrophilicity and functionality. Their properties can be further modulated by synthesis temperature and heteroatom doping. Critically, NM-CDs combine the pharmacological activities of natural medicines with the unique nanoscale properties of CDs, bridging traditional medicine and modern nanotechnology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of NM-CDs, including green natural precursors, formation mechanisms, and synthesis strategies. It systematically analyzes the structure and properties of NM-CDs, categorizes their therapeutic applications into seven major disease types, and offers a detailed explanation of their fundamental pharmacological mechanisms. Finally, ten key opportunities and challenges for the sustainable development of NM-CDs are highlighted. By integrating efficient resource utilization, green chemistry principles, and clinical demands, NM-CDs exhibit strong potential to advance bio-based nanotherapeutics and enhance the value of natural medicines through modern scientific approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101673"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mannan-oligosaccharides-based self-assembly nanoparticles enable gut-specific quercetin release, providing multi-pathway protection against AD via gut-brain axis.","authors":"Guifeng Zhang, Hongjiang Li, Wei Zhang, Dan Pu, Longxing Wang, Xiaofei Han, Ju Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), as indigestible functional prebiotic, support intestinal health. Here, we engineered MOS to undergo linoleic acid (LA)-mediated self-assembly with quercetin, forming lipid bilayer nanoparticles (MOS-LA/LA-Q NPs). These nanoparticles (NPs) achieved a high quercetin encapsulation efficiency (92.4%) and demonstrated superior stability in aqueous solution at 4 °C. The MOS outer layer effectively protected the quercetin core from gastrointestinal stress. Triggered by microbial enzymes, the system enabled a sustained quercetin release, up to 60% over 48 h, representing a novel microbe-specific delivery mechanism. In an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice models induced by AlCl₃/D-galactose, MOS-LA/LA-Q NPs significantly enhanced gut microbiota diversity, restored gut microbiota balance, suppressed pathogenic bacteria, and regulated metabolites short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and lactic acid levels. Compared with free quercetin, these NPs alleviated cognitive deficits, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in both the colon and brain, improved gut-brain barrier integrity, and restored gut-brain function more significantly. Mechanistically, these effects were associated with modulation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways, reducing tau phosphorylation and Aβ amyloid levels, thus demonstrating superior neuroprotection. This study proposes a novel strategy for addressing the complex pathology of AD through multi-target intervention, highlighting the potential of MOS-based NPs to enhance quercetin's therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101737"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149121523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mifepristone ameliorates osteoporosis & hyperlipidemia comorbidity through SPNS3-S1P-S1PR1 axis via regulating BMSCs differentiation.","authors":"Hao Li, Wanyu Sang, Sihang Fan, Changyuan Wang, Lu Liu, Shan Wang, Mozhen Liu, Huijun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis (OP) and hyperlipidemia (HLP) are major public health concerns that often coexist in postmenopausal women due to ovarian senescence and metabolic dysregulation. This comorbidity drives bone marrow adipocyte accumulation and impaired osteoblast differentiation, linked to altered mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) fate, thereby worsening both bone loss and lipid metabolic imbalance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify key regulatory pathways underlying OP-HLP comorbidity and to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting dysregulated BMSC differentiation. To investigate, we developed a murine OP-HLP comorbidity model by combining ovariectomy with a high-fat diet. BMSCs were induced under osteogenic or adipogenic conditions to assess differentiation patterns, while omics-based bioinformatics identified targets and pathways relevant to OP-HLP. Potential therapeutic agents were then screened virtually and validated experimentally. The results identified the SPNS lysolipid transporter 3 (SPNS3)-sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-S1PR1 axis as a critical regulator of BMSCs differentiation. Mifepristone (MIF), acting as a structural stabilizer of SPNS3, enhanced osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting adipogenesis <i>in vitro</i>. <i>In vivo</i>, MIF significantly improved bone formation and reduced marrow adiposity in OP-HLP mice. In conclusion, this study highlighted the SPNS3-S1P-S1PR1 axis as a novel therapeutic target and suggested repurposing MIF for treating OP-HLP comorbidity. This study provides mechanistic insight into bone-lipid crosstalk and opens opportunities for improved intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101608"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149121604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-target cell membrane chromatography intelligent screening strategy and its application in drug discovery.","authors":"Sanyin Zhang, Shengli Han, Wei Chen, Shilin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101721","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"16 9","pages":"101721"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}