Journal of otology最新文献

{"title":"Listening performance in background noise and subjective hearing: a comparison among young adults, older adults, and adults with listening difficulties.","authors":"Yayoi Yamamoto, Yuka Sasame, Chie Obuchi","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540045","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate subjective and objective listening abilities in noise in young adults, older adults with normal hearing, and adults with listening difficulties (LiD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined 20 young adults, 20 older adults with normal hearing, and 20 adults with LiD. All participants underwent pure-tone audiometry and the Hearing in Noise Test－Japanese version (HINT-J) and completed the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups had normal hearing thresholds (125－8,000 Hz). Older adults with normal hearing performed worse on the HINT-J than young adults, while adults with LiD reported greater subjective LiD on the SSQ. No significant correlations were found between HINT-J and SSQ scores with any group. Significant differences were found between groups in terms of both the HINT-J (χ²(2)=17.9, p<0.01) and SSQ (χ²(2)=38.7, p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite normal audiometric thresholds, older adults with normal hearing and adults with LiD experience distinct LiD in noisy environments, highlighting the need for comprehensive assessment beyond traditional audiometry. Future research should focus on developing more sensitive diagnostic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Tinnitus and Auditory Middle Latency Response: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"K Sai Keerthan, C S Jyotsna, K M Prajwal, Mayur Bhat, Kaushlendra Kumar","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540046","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tinnitus is a concerning condition that affects most adults worldwide, with a prevalence of 6.7%. Theories of tinnitus have explained that an increase in spontaneous neural activity at the level of the thalamus could induce tinnitus. There are no standardized objective tests for tinnitus assessment because of its multifaceted nature. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the effect of Tinnitus on Latency and Amplitude of the Auditory Middle Latency Response in Audiological Attendees. The study recruited 50 individuals (25 normals and 25 individuals with tinnitus) who underwent audiological evaluations like Pure tone audiometry, immittance, pitch and loudness matching, THI and middle latency response. The IHS program was used to record MLR, which was obtained using tone burst stimuli of 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz, and 4 KHz at a rate of 7.1/s with a constant duration of 5 ms, for a total of 1500 sweeps. As a covariate, pure tone thresholds were one of the variabilities that were addressed by ANCOVA. The amplitude of the Pa component varied significantly between the tinnitus and control groups, according to the MLR data and no other components of MLR reached that significance. Furthermore, there was no discernible variation in the latency or amplitude of MLR among any of the other components. The latency of the waveforms increased as the stimulus frequency increased. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient showed no significant correlation between THI scores and any of the outcome measures except for Pa amplitude. As the Pa component of MLR showed maximum changes between controls and individuals with tinnitus, the Pa component could be considered a potential tool for identifying neurophysiological changes related to tinnitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Neuralgic Amyotrophy Involving the Tibial Nerve Following Otologic Surgery.","authors":"Juanjuan Gao, Huabin Zhang, Zhiyong Bai, Xinhong Feng, Yongwei Pan, Haijin Yi","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540050","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"35-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Above, Below, and Beyond: Distinct Vertical‑Plane Localization Profiles in Normal Hearing Listeners.","authors":"Harshada Mali, Nisha K V","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540049","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The perception of sound in the vertical plane supports spatial hearing by enabling listeners to detect sources located above and below. Sounds originating from both the front and back elevations along the mid-sagittal plane further contribute to a three-dimensional auditory experience. This study aimed to characterize the variability in vertical sound localization abilities among normal-hearing (NH) individuals using spatialized audio.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-one NH participants (aged 18 to 35 years) completed three vertical localization tasks under headphones as part of a single-group, within-subject experimental study. These tasks included two-plane identification: (1) top-down localization, (2) front-back localization, and one discrimination task in the front plane. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was employed to identify distinct patterns in spatial localization profiles specific to the vertical-median plane. Fisher's Discriminant Function Analysis (FDA) was used to validate the accuracy of HCA and estimate classification error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HCA revealed three distinct listener clusters: (1) cluster 1 with good performance across all three tasks, (2) cluster 2 with selective impairment in top-bottom identification, and (3) cluster 3 with selective deficits in front-back identification. FDA validated group membership of the clusters identified by the HCA, with a prediction accuracy of 98%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with clinically NH exhibited three distinct vertical localization profiles: uniform performers, those impaired in top-bottom identification, and those impaired in front-back identification. These profiles may be linked to the interplay between acoustic and non-acoustic perceptual factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobrucellosis: An Uncommon but Important Cause of Sensorineural Hearing Loss: a case report.","authors":"Karim Messaoudi, Walid Yacine Mohamed Cherif","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540048","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection common in Mediterranean countries and the Middle East. Neurological involvement, although rare, can lead to severe complications, including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This case is particularly noteworthy as it highlights irreversible auditory nerve damage in brucellosis, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent neurological consequences. The novelty of this case lies in the severity of auditory involvement despite timely treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 43-year-old male farmer of Maghrebi origin presented with neurobrucellosis complicated by severe, irreversible bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The patient initially reported symptoms of hearing loss and dizziness, which were confirmed to be associated with auditory nerve involvement. Wright's serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing confirmed brucellosis. Despite appropriate and prolonged antibiotic therapy, including drugs that penetrate the meningeal barrier and act intracellularly, the patient's auditory impairment remained permanent. The patient is currently a candidate for cochlear implantation to manage his severe hearing loss. Neurological symptoms did not improve with treatment, but cochlear implantation may offer a potential solution to his hearing deficit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the importance of early recognition and intervention in brucellosis cases, particularly those with neurological involvement. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can result in irreversible neurological damage. It also underscores the potential for cochlear implantation in patients with severe, irreversible sensorineural hearing loss caused by neurobrucellosis. Cochlear implantation offers an important solution for patients with brucellosis-related hearing deficits, improving their quality of life despite the neurological damage caused by the infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Scoring Systems in Ossiculoplasty: A Comprehensive Review and Introduction of a Novel Predictive Index.","authors":"Goran Latif Omer, Giuseppe De Donato, Aland Salih Abdullah, Sahand Soran Ali, Rekawt Hama Rashid Kareem, Andrea Gravina, Saeed Sherko F Zmnako, Stefano Di Girolamo","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540053","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ossiculoplasty remains a challenging surgical procedure, with outcomes heavily influenced by diverse anatomical and pathological factors. Over the decades, numerous scoring systems have been developed to predict the prognosis of ossiculoplasty, each emphasizing different variables such as ossicular status, middle ear environment, and surgical history. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of prognostic scoring systems, including Austin's original ossicular classification, Bellucci's otorrhea staging, the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI), the Ossiculoplasty Outcome Parameter Staging (OOPS), and the recently introduced Ear Environment Risk (EER) scale. While these systems have significantly contributed to preoperative assessment, each presents notable limitations in encompassing all variables affecting surgical success. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a review of the ossiculoplasty prognostic scores and show the benefits, innovations and gaps associated with each. To address these gaps, a novel, modified scoring system is proposed, incorporating previously overlooked but clinically significant factors such as tympanic membrane status, type of tympanoplasty, ossicular replacement material, CT scan findings, and the presence of complicated ear conditions. By synthesizing elements from historical scores with updated clinical insights, the proposed system aims to provide a more holistic and predictive framework for preoperative evaluation. Future multicenter studies are encouraged to validate the efficacy and prognostic power of this new scoring system, with the goal of improving surgical planning and patient counseling in ossiculoplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric Audiology: An analysis of stakeholder perspectives on advancement in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention for deaf infants in Nigeria.","authors":"Albert Ulutorti Green, Amalachukwu Okwukweka Odita, Christian Chukwuemeka Ifezulike, Confidence Uchenna Gabriel, Onyinyechukwu Joy Onyewuchi, Nancy Chinelo Onyema, Blessing Chinaza Nwanozie, Joy Okwumuo","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540054","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) plays a critical role in improving language, cognitive, and socio-emotional outcomes for infants with hearing loss. In Nigeria, however, EHDI implementation remains limited by fragmented service delivery, uneven technological capacity, and sociocultural factors that delay timely diagnosis. This study explored the perspectives of paediatric audiologists and parents to provide a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and challenges influencing early hearing care across diverse Nigerian settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods design was employed across audiology facilities selected systematically from four Nigerian geopolitical zones. Twenty-five paediatric audiologists and twenty-three parents of children with congenital hearing loss participated. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing awareness, diagnostic access, and intervention experiences. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions. Thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke's six-step framework, with dual coding, external auditing, and member validation to enhance credibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative findings demonstrated broad agreement on the diagnostic value of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and automated auditory brainstem responses (AABRs), the developmental benefits of early intervention, and the importance of active parental involvement. However, respondents identified persistent barriers including high costs of screening and therapy, poor public awareness of early hearing loss symptoms, and a critical shortage of trained personnel, and unequal distribution of diagnostic tools, particularly in rural and northern regions. Thematic analysis further underscored disparities in diagnostic capacity, sociocultural interpretations of deafness that delay clinical consultation, and economic constraints that hinder continuity of care. While families who accessed early intervention reported improved communication, social engagement, and learning readiness in their children, systemic gaps continue to limit widespread success.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite growing technological capacity and awareness of EHDI benefits, significant structural, financial, and sociocultural challenges continue to impede timely diagnosis and intervention in Nigeria. Strengthening national policies, ensuring equitable distribution of diagnostic tools, expanding professional training, subsidising services, implementing culturally sensitive awareness campaigns and integration of Universal Newborn Hearing Screening into routine postnatal care are essential to improving outcomes for deaf infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inner Ear Malformations with Transitional Forms between Cochlear Hypoplasia and Common Cavity: Embryological Insights, Imaging Characteristics, and Cochlear Implantation Strategies.","authors":"Shujin Xue, Xingmei Wei, Ying Kong, Zhencheng Gao, Biao Chen, Danmo Cui, Yongxin Li","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540052","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the imaging characteristics, surgical approaches, and outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with special inner ear malformations (IEMs) that show transitional forms between cochlear hypoplasia (CH) and common cavity (CC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve children (eight males, four females), aged 10 to 43 months, with special IEMs were enrolled, and their inner ear structures were analyzed using detailed segmentation. Two surgical approaches were employed: the transmastoid slot labyrinthotomy approach (TSLA) for cases requiring customized electrodes, and the round window or cochleostomy approach for the remaining cases. Outcomes were evaluated using Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP), Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR), and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS/IT-MAIS) at 12 months post-implantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two main types of malformed cochleae were identified: common cavity-like and primitive CH types. All patients exhibited cochlear nerve deficiency and significant bilateral differences in their inner ear structures. Four patients underwent TSLA with customized electrodes, while the remaining patients received lateral wall electrodes via the round window or cochleostomy approach. Most patients showed improvement in auditory and speech capabilities following implantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inner ear malformations with transitional forms between CH and CC present unique challenges, requiring detailed preoperative evaluation and customized surgical plans. Even in severe cases, carefully planned surgery can lead to meaningful auditory rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative Impedance Gradient as a Physiological Indicator of Electrode-Neural Interface in Pediatric Cochlear Implantation.","authors":"Richi Sinha, Maruti Nandan, Amit Kumar Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540047","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2026.9540047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the spatial gradient of intraoperative impedance across the cochlear electrode array in pediatric cochlear implant recipients and assess its potential as a physiological indicator for the electrode-neural interface.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study involving 56 pediatric patients underwent cochlear implantation with Cochlear Nucleus devices. Intraoperative polarized impedance and electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) threshold were recorded across all 1232 electrodes using AutoNRT software. Eight electrodes with open- or short-circuit were excluded, leaving 1,224 for analysis. Impedance values were categorized by cochlear region (basal, middle, apical), and electrodes with elevated impedance (10-20 kΩ) were analyzed for regional distribution and clinical relevance. Data were analyzed for spatial patterns and correlation with the ECAP threshold profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A consistent basal-to-apical increase in impedance was observed (7.7 ± 1.9, 9.2 ± 1.4, 10.8 ± 1.5 kΩ; p<0.001). Impedance and ECAP threshold were weakly correlated (ρ = -0.20, p<0.001; β = -1.26, p<0.001), with a positive association in the apical region (ρ = 0.12, p = 0.048). Electrodes with higher impedance (10-20 kΩ) were less likely to show elevated or absent TNRT (OR = 0.175, p = 0.02). The impedance gradient persisted across age groups and was significantly correlated with ECAP threshold patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraoperative impedance monitoring reveals a strong and physiologically consistent gradient, with higher values in apical electrodes. This gradient reflects anatomical and tissue interface variations, which may offer a valuable physiological indicator for intraoperative electrode positioning and neural interface integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"21 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIRT3 knockout aggravates LPS-induced eustachian tube dysfunction.","authors":"Shimin Zong, Huimin Zhang, Ting Li, Xi Lian, Wei Tang, Tianyi Liu, Wenting Yu, Xuan Yu, Hongjun Xiao","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acute otitis media caused by gram-negative bacteria is a common otological condition among pediatric patients. Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) plays a pivotal role in the delayed resolution of acute otitis media, whereas the precise contribution of SIRT3 in this mechanism remains uncertain. This study aims to reveal the involvement of SIRT3 in murine ETD induced by LPS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histological analysis showed no baseline differences in ET structure between WT and SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3-KO) mice. However, LPS exposure led to increased goblet cell proliferation and MUC5AC mucus secretion in both genotypes, with SIRT3-KO exacerbating these effects. The SIRT3-KO group displayed reduced cilia length. Functionally, SIRT3-KO mice showed a significantly higher initial POP and decreased MCC compared to the WT group after LPS exposure. Additionally, the active clearance of negative pressure (ACNP) was significantly reduced in SIRT3-KO mice, indicating compromised ET function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SIRT3-KO increased resistance to ET opening in mice exposed to LPS, and this effect may be related to the upregulated MUC5AC expression, the increased surface tension of the luminal fluid and the impaired MCC function in mice exposed to LPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 4","pages":"211-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12647948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}