Journal of otology最新文献

{"title":"Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Splicing Variants in the PTPRQ Gene and Their Mechanisms in Autosomal Recessive Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss.","authors":"Kun Zhang, Xijian Xin, Jiaxin Liu, Bo Hou, Peng Qu, Xinbo Xu, Hanbing Zhang","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540031","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The PTPRQ gene is essential for preserving the structure and function of stereocilia in inner ear. However, research on splicing mutations within this gene is limited. This study aims to investigate novel splicing mutations in PTPRQ, clarify their molecular mechanisms, and provide new insights into the genetic factors associated with hearing loss, ultimately enhancing diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were obtained from members of a family with congenital hearing loss. Variants were identified through high-throughput sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing to ensure genealogical co-segregation. The splicing effects of PTPRQ variants were evaluated using bioinformatics tools and minigene assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We used whole exome sequencing to identify novel double compound heterozygous splice-altering variants (c.5426+1 G>A and c.6603-3 T>G) in the PTPRQ gene with DFNB84A. We molecularly characterized these variants, and they were found to co-segregate with the disease within the family. Minigene assays and Sanger sequencing confirmed that the c.6603-3 T > G variant caused exon 43 skipping, resulting in a frameshift mutation (p.Ser2201ArgfsTer112). Further bioinformatic analysis supported these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies a novel compound heterozygous splicing variant in the PTPRQ gene in a Chinese family with DFNB84A, expanding the known spectrum of PTPRQ mutations. These findings enhance the understanding of PTPRQ-related hearing loss and may aid in early diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"204-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Measurement of Volume and Surface Area of the Middle Ear Pneumatic System and Its Clinical Significance.","authors":"Wendi Zhang, Xu Bie, Shen Yu","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540028","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The middle ear pneumatic system (MEPS) supports pressure balance, essential for sound conduction. Its volume and surface area are key indicators of pneumatization and ventilation, yet their specific contributions to pressure regulation need further exploration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of parameters characterizing the MEPS, including volume (V), surface area (S), and surface-area-to-volume ratio (S/V), in normal ears.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We collected CT images of the temporal bone from 63 normal ears for this study. The volume(V), surface area(S), and surface-area-to-volume ratio(S/V) of the MEPS were measured and calculated using three-dimensional reconstruction technology. Statistical methods were used to process the data and determine the 95% reference range for the S, V, and S/V of the MEPS in the normal ear. At the same time, we analyzed the impact of differences in gender and the left and right sides on the measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 95% reference values for the S, V, and S/V of the MEPS in normal ears were 1057.10 ~ 18239.16 mm², 609.16 ~ 9854.11 mm³, and 1.39 ~ 2.52 mm^-1 respectively. There were no significant differences in the measurements between genders and between the left and right sides.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and significance: </strong>This study has established the 95% reference values for the S, V, and S/V of the MEPS in normal ears, which were 1057.10-18239.16 mm², 609.16-9854.11 mm³, and 1.39-2.52 mm^-1 respectively. We found that while there is a wide variation in the V values among normal ears, there is less variability in the S/V values. This structural characteristic suggests that changes in the S/V value may have a more significant impact on the balance of middle ear pressure, and it provides important reference data for the construction and functional reconstruction of three-dimensional models of the MEPS. These findings may aid in diagnosing middle ear disorders, such as otitis media with effusion, and guide interventions to restore pressure balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of the effect of middle-ear effusion on the sound transmission and energy absorbance of the human ear.","authors":"Peihan Liu, Hang Li, Wen Jiang, Wen Liu, Yuehua Qiao, Houguang Liu","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540027","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate the impact of middle ear effusion (MEE) on sound transmission in the human ear and its potential diagnostic significance. Firstly, the material properties of specific structures were adjusted based on the existing human ear finite element (FE) model, and the accuracy of the model was validated using experimental data. Secondly, six FE models were developed to simulate varying degrees of MEE by systematically altering the material properties of the middle ear cavity (MEC) at different anatomical locations. Finally, the effects of these six FE models, representing varying degrees of MEE, on sound transmission characteristics and energy absorption (EA) rate in the human ear were systematically analyzed. When the degree of MEE is less than 50% of the MEC volume, its impact on the sound transmission characteristics of the human ear remains minimal, resulting in an estimated hearing loss of approximately 3 dB, with EA rate remaining close to normal levels. Once the effusion exceeds 50% of the MEC volume, a significant deterioration in acoustic transmission is observed, accompanied by a flattening of the EA curve and a drop in EA rates to below 20%. When the effusion completely fills the MEC, the maximum hearing loss reaches 46.47 dB, and the EA rate approaches zero across the entire frequency range. These findings provide theoretical insights into the biomechanical effects of MEE on human auditory transmission and offer a reference for clinical diagnosis and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Binaural Beamforming Technology on Mandarin Speech Recognition in Babble Noise for Bimodal Hearing CI users.","authors":"Aiting Chen, Mengdi Hong, Jianan Li, Qian Wang, Nan Li, Lumeng Han, Qian Wu, Haihong Liu, Yidi Liu, Yue Long, Fangxia Hu, Jianfen Luo, Lei Xu, Zhaomin Fan, Peng Lin, Wei Wang, Yue Wang, Yu Chen, Zhaohui Hou, Fei Ji","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540024","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of bimodal beamforming on speech recognition and comfort for cochlear implant (CI) users with the bimodal hearing solution made up by linking a hearing aid to the CI sound processor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>19 subjects participated in this study. Speech tests were conducted in quiet and in noisy environments, with the target speech presented from 0° and the noise signal from 45°. Speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) were compared among the previously used bimodal hearing configuration (baseline, any CI sound processor plus any hearing aid), the Naída Bimodal Hearing Solution with omnidirectional microphone, and with directional microphone (so called StereoZoom) switched on. In addition, the study participants provided subjective feedback on their hearing impressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SRT results showed no significant difference among the three hearing conditions in the quiet environment. No significant improvement was reported when using Naída bimodal system with omnidirectional microphone in noise compared to the baseline (p=0.27). When applying StereoZoom, SRT in noise showed significant improvements compared to omnidirectional settings (p<0.05). Subjective feedback showed that 13 participants were satisfied with Naída Bimodal Hearing Solution, and wanted to continue using it after the trial.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Naída Bimodal Hearing Solution with the same pre-processing algorithm can provide satisfying hearing performance. Beamforming technology can further improve speech perception in noisy environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender effect on Psychoacoustical abilities and Speech perception in noise in individuals with Sickle cell anemia.","authors":"Preeti Sahu, Animesh Barman","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540022","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sickle cell anemia (SCA), a genetic hemoglobin disorder, suggests essential inner ear compromise and poor auditory processing. In humans, auditory processing differs physiologically between males and females, possibly true for SCA due to gender-specific disease pathophysiological changes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate gender differences in psychoacoustical abilities, and speech perception in noise in SCA individuals and further compare with normal healthy (NH) population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>80 SCA and 80 NH normal-hearing participants aged 15-40 years were included and further grouped based on gender. Auditory discrimination for frequency, intensity, and duration at 500Hz and 4000Hz; temporal processing (Gap detection threshold & Modulation Detection Threshold) and Speech Perception In Noise (SPIN) at 0dBSNR tests were evaluated and compared between males and females of SCA and NH population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SCA performed poorer compared to NH for all experimental measures. In the NH population, males performed poorer than females in psychoacoustical measures whereas within the SCA population, the reverse was true. Female participants performed better in the SPIN test in both populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The adverse impact of SCA on the auditory system due to circulatory changes might cause poorer performance in SCA. Poorer performance by Female SCA is possibly due to the contrary impact of lower Hb level overlying Sickle disease. Estrogen levels and gender preference in auditory processing might lead to better performance by females within the NH population. SPIN performance depends on different attentional demands and sensorimotor processing strategies in noise beyond psychoacoustical processing may lead to better female performance in both populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of minimum and maximum electrical stimulation levels on sound field thresholds,and speech perception in children using the Advanced Bionics Cochlear Implant.","authors":"Muthuselvi Thangaraj, Ravikumar Arunachalam, Madhuri Gore, Ajith Kumar Uppunda","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540026","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It's crucial to study the effect of changes in thresholds (T) and most comfortable levels (M) on behavioral measurements in young children using cochlear implants. This would help the clinician with the optimization and validation of programming parameters.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study has attempted to describe the changes in behavioral responses with modification of T and M levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five participants in the age range 5 to 12 years using HR90K/HiFocus1J or HR90KAdvantage/HiFocus1J with Harmony speech processors participated in the study. A decrease in T levels, a rise in T levels, or a decrease in M levels in the everyday program were used to create experimental programs. Sound field thresholds and speech perception were measured at 50 dBHL for three experimental and everyday programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated that only reductions of M levels resulted in significantly (p<0.01) poor aided thresholds and speech perception. On the other hand, variation in T levels did not have significant changes in either sound field thresholds or speech perception. The results highlight that M levels must be correctly established in order to prevent decreased speech perception and audibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otolith Degeneration with Aging: Insights from Video Ocular Counter-Roll (vOCR) Assessment.","authors":"Melissa Castillo-Bustamante, Jorge Madrigal, Elizabeth Andalón-Dueñas, Johanna Marcela Vanegas, Ireri Espinoza","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540030","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vestibular assessments, such as the video ocular counter roll (vOCR) test, offer valuable insights into the interactions between age, otolith function, and vestibular performance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the relation between age and vOCR gains as a potential marker of age-related otolith degeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 107 participants underwent vOCR testing. Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between age and vOCR gains. Results were presented using regression coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, p-values, and R-squared values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the overall sample, statistically significant associations were observed between age and vOCR gains in both ears. For the right ear, vOCR gains decreased with increasing age (coefficient: -0.03; 95% CI: -0.05 to -0.01; p <0.001; R² = 0.08), while the left ear showed a slightly stronger association (coefficient: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.02; p < 0.001; R² = 0.12). These findings indicate a moderate age-related decline in otolith-mediated vestibular responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>vOCR gains appear to decline with age, reflecting potential age-related otolith degeneration. These results support the clinical value of vOCR as a non-invasive method to assess vestibular function and its changes across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"198-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in self-perceived hearing and quality of life is associated with the time elapsed since cochlear implantation in adults with post-lingual hearing loss.","authors":"Priyanka Mohan, Ville Sivonen, Juha T Laakso, Saku T Sinkkonen","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540025","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the otology-specific and general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after cochlear implantation, and scrutinize the variables associated with them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Ear Outcome Survey-16 (EOS-16), which assesses ear-specific symptoms and quality of life (QoL), was administered before and after cochlear implantation along with the post-operative administration of the 15D questionnaire that evaluates general HRQoL. The authors investigated post-implantation changes in the EOS-16 total scores and its category responses, examining their relationship with pre- and post-operative hearing levels, speech perception in noise, and the follow-up period length (time elapsed since cochlear implantation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were positive changes noted for the hearing, need for care, and QoL categories of the EOS-16 after implantation. The length of the follow-up period was a significant factor associated with improvements in subjective outcome measures. Changes in self-perceived hearing and HRQoL post-implantation seem independent of pre- and post-implantation hearing performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that while patients regain their hearing abilities shortly after implant activation, their subjective hearing-related benefits and QoL improve over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masseter Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Individuals with definite Meniere's Disease: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Saloni Gugle, Anuj Kumar Neupane","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540023","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP) is a novel test that has been explored in various brainstem lesions. However, it has not yet been studied in individuals with definite Meniere's disease. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate mVEMP responses in individuals with definite Meniere's disease and compare them with those of a reference group.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present study investigated narrowband Claus Elberling chirp-evoked mVEMP responses in 22 ears diagnosed with definite Meniere's disease and 22 ears with hearing sensitivity ≤ 15 dB HL across three stimulation frequencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>mVEMP responses in participants with definite Meniere's disease varied from normal to reduced or absent across three octave frequencies. These individuals exhibited significantly reduced P11-N21 peak-to-peak amplitudes compared to those in the reference group. Although a frequency tuning shift toward 1000 Hz was observed, the inter-frequency amplitude ratio of mVEMP was not found to be a sensitive parameter for detecting individuals with definite Meniere's disease. Additionally, no association was found between the degree of hearing loss or the duration of the disease and mVEMP responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants with definite Meniere's disease exhibited reduced P11-N21 amplitude and a tuning shift toward 1000 Hz. These findings suggest the involvement of the vestibulo-trigeminal reflex pathway in this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intratympanic dexamethasone microcrystal-loaded porous PLGA microspheres containing lipoic acid for combined delivery to the inner ear.","authors":"Peili Zhang, Dongcheng Wang, Xin Zhang, Zongyi Wu, Zhimin Zhou, Jingjie Wang, Jianjun Sun, Mingfang Diao","doi":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540029","DOIUrl":"10.26599/JOTO.2025.9540029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a sustained-release codelivery system for intratympanic administration of dexamethasone (DEX) and lipoic acid (LA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DEX microcrystals (MCs) were prepared via precipitation, while LA-loaded porous PLGA microspheres (LPMPs) were fabricated using a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. DEX MCs were physically perfused into LPMPs via negative pressure to form a combined system (DEX MCs+LPMPs). Physicochemical properties, <i>in vitro</i> drug release, pharmacokinetics, and biocompatibility were evaluated. Guinea pigs were used for intratympanic injections of DEX MCs, LPMPs, or DEX MCs+LPMPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DEX MCs+LPMPs system enabled simultaneous release of both drugs, with DEX exhibiting superior pharmacokinetics (sustained perilymph concentrations up to 7 days) compared to DEX MCs alone. LA release from LPMPs demonstrated prolonged kinetics without burst release. SEM confirmed DEX MCs were localized within/on LPMPs and adhered to the round window membrane (RWM). Histological analysis revealed normal cochlear morphology and no inflammatory response, confirming biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This novel codelivery system combining microcrystals and porous microspheres achieves sustained dual-drug release, enhances therapeutic efficacy, and offers a promising strategy for managing hearing loss via intratympanic administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":94336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology","volume":"20 3","pages":"190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}