International journal of medicinal mushrooms最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Agaricomycetes) and Soybean Oil on Storage Characteristics of Chicken Sausage.","authors":"Haijuan Nan,&nbsp;Tetiana Stepanova,&nbsp;Bo Li","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049470","DOIUrl":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effect of Agaricus bisporus and soybean oil as complex fat substitutes on the storage characteristics of chicken sausages, a pre-mixture of A. bisporus and soybean oil (1:2) was used to replace 0% (CK), 30% (T30), 60% (T60), and 90% (T90) of pork back fat in chicken sausages. The changes in color (brightness value, L*; redness value, a*; and yellowness value, b*), texture, pH, and total viable count of the sausages were examined at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 d of storage at 4°C, respectively. The results showed that A. bisporus and soybean oil altered the color of the sausages. At the same storage time, compared with CK, L* values of fat-reduced chicken sausages decreased significantly, while a* values increased significantly (P < 0.05), b* values increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the 10 d of storage. During storage, L* and a* values of CK gradually decreased and b* values gradually increased, fat-reduced sausages exhibited opposite trends in a* values and b* values compared with CK. The hardness and chewiness of fat-reduced sausages increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with CK at the same storage time. During storage, the overall hardness of fat-reduced sausages increased, and the springiness and chewiness fluctuated. T60 did not change significantly in cohesiveness throughout the storage period (P < 0.05). The pH of fat-reduced sausage was relatively stable during storage. The higher the amount of A. bisporus added, the greater the pH. The pH of T60 did not change throughout the storage period. A. bisporus and soybean oil showed some antibacterial effect on sausage and the minimum shelf life of chicken sausage with A. bisporus was 25 d. In conclusion, A. bisporus and soybean oil increased the redness and hardness of the sausages during storage, but the pH and total viable bacteria count remained relatively stable. T60 displayed the most stable storage properties among them, making it the optimum method for the manufacturing of fat-reduced chicken sausages.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"25 9","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apoptosis-Mediated Anticancer Activity of Ganoderma colossus (Agaricomycetes) Extracts in Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Riji E,&nbsp;Prashantha Naik,&nbsp;Katheeja Muhseena N,&nbsp;Suparna Laha","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049907","DOIUrl":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The current cancer treatments including chemo-, radio- and immuno-therapies pose various side effects, and chances of recurrence that demand for new therapeutics to overcome the issues with existing ones. Mushrooms are considered a potential source of novel therapeutic agents. Ganoderma colossus, a non-edible wood-inhabiting mushroom, is known for certain medical properties. The present study aimed to investigate the possible anticancer activity of methanolic, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of G. colossus, against MCF-7 cells and the mechanism of action(s). MTT assay and gene expression studies were carried out by following the standard protocols. The results demonstrated that among the three solvents, the ethyl acetate crude extract of the mushroom exhibited potential cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 (IC50, 17.2 ± 2.7). The DNA damage induced by the solvent extracts of G. colossus was observed by H2AX foci formation. The TP53 over-expression and flow cytometry analysis indicated that checkpoint activation followed by cell cycle arrest occurred at G1/G0 phase in response to the extract treatment. The dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining revealed apoptosis-associated changes in the cells. Analysis of caspase 3 activations by immunophenotyping confirmed the apoptotic process in the extract-treated cells. Bcl-2 and TP53 mRNA expression data by RT-PCR disclosed the apoptosis pathway. The GC- MS spectral data of the ethyl acetate crude extract of the mushroom indicated the presence of molecules capable of inducing apoptosis. The present study warrants further studies to isolate the molecule(s) from G. colossus which may be a potential drug candidate for breast cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"25 10","pages":"23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Biological Studies of the Terpenoids from Ganoderma resinaceum and Serpula similis (Agaricomycetes).","authors":"Tejal N Rikame, Preeti S Ranawade, Smriti P K Mittal, Vitthal T Barvkar, Mahesh Y Borde, Rajesh D Tak","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023050771","DOIUrl":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023050771","url":null,"abstract":"Mycochemical properties and bioactivities of Ganoderma resinaceum and Serpula similis remain unexplored. The present study assessed antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and cell migration abilities of Ganoderma and Serpula extracts, followed by their phytochemical analyses. The MTT assay was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity along with the cell migration studies in human cancer cell lines. The antioxidant profiles were evaluated through DPPH and FRAP assays. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to elucidate the phytochemicals responsible for anticancer and antioxidant activities. Significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicities of 12.7% and 13.7% were observed against HCT 116 cell lines at 1% and 5% concentrations of the G. resinaceum extract, respectively. Similarly, significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicities of 6.7% and 25.5% were observed at 1% and 5% concentrations of the S. similis extract, respectively. The extracts of G. resinaceum and S. similis both shows better anti-migration potential in lung cancer cells. Both extracts demonstrated good scavenging activity on DPPH and ferric ion free radicals. LC-MS analysis revealed 11 compounds from S. similis and 15 compounds from G. resinaceum fruiting bodies. Compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, cytotoxic peptides, and other metabolites were identified as major components in both extracts. These extracts exhibited cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cancer cells, along with moderate antioxidant activity. This implies that the extracts might be used as bioactive natural sources in the pharmaceutical and food industries.","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"25 12","pages":"15-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPLORING THE ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS FROM DARMA VALLEY, PITHORAGARH, KUMAUN HIMALAYA, INDIA","authors":"Priya Bisht, Basant Singh, Pardeep Sharma, Narendra Lotani, Chandra Negi, Indra Bhatt","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051350","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the methanolic extracts of nine species of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) native to the Darma Valley in the Kumaun Himalaya region. The investigation encompasses the assessment of various biochemical attributes, including Total Phenolics (TP), Total Flavonoids (TF), Total Tannins (TT) contents, the ABTS assay, and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Among the nine WEM species examined, C. craniiformis stands out for displaying the highest antioxidant capacities, indicated by exceptional TP (54.94 ± 0.54 mg GAE/g dw) and TT (4.23 ± 0.17 mg TAE/g dw) contents, along with noteworthy ABTS (10.44 ± 0.34 mg AAE/g dw) and DPPH activity (0.335 ± 0.001 mg AAE/g dw). Subsequent in antioxidant potential are R. fennica, G. clavatus, R. sanguinea, R. flava, C. zollingeri, P. ostreatus, R. botrytis, and K. mutabilis. Variations in antioxidant capacities align with distinct phenolic content. This study underscores Clavatia craniiformis as a remarkable source of antioxidants, suggesting its potential suitability for nutraceutical applications. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the antioxidant properties inherent in wild edible mushrooms, particularly emphasizing the prominence of C. craniiformis.","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Solid-State Culture Conditions and Chemical Component Analysis of Poria cocos (Agaricomycetes).","authors":"Xin Zhou, Can Zhong, Jing Xie, Jian Jin, Bingbing Shen, Lin Chen, Hao Liu, Shuihan Zhang","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023050574","DOIUrl":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023050574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The optimal cultivation conditions and chemical components of Poria cocos fruiting bodies were examined by employing the single factor and response surface methods to screen for optimal conditions for artificial cultivation. The differences in chemical composition among the fruiting bodies, fermented mycelium, and sclerotia of P. cocos were compared using UV spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal growth conditions for P. cocos fruiting bodies were 28.5°C temperature, 60% light intensity, and 2.5 g pine sawdust, which resulted in the production of numerous basidiocarps and basidiospores under microscopic examination. Polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and other main active components of P. cocos were found in the fruiting bodies, sclerotia, and fermented mycelium. The triterpenoid components of the fruiting bodies were consistent with those of the sclerotia. The content of pachymic acid in the fruiting bodies was significantly higher than that in the sclerotia, with a value of 33.37 ± 0.1902 mg/g. These findings provide novel insights into the sexual breeding and comprehensive development and utilization of P. cocos.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"25 12","pages":"65-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Potential of Several Polypores Mushrooms from the South of France.","authors":"Aya Maaloul,&nbsp;Luis Portillo-Lemus,&nbsp;Manon Vitou,&nbsp;Sylvie Rapior,&nbsp;Sylvie Morel,&nbsp;Françoise Fons","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023050126","DOIUrl":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023050126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We selected polypore mushrooms growing in the Mediterranean area of France to screen their antioxidant activity: Ganoderma applanatum, G. lucidum, Inonotus cuticularis, I. hispidus, Trametes hirsuta, and T. versicolor. Our work also evaluated antioxidant capacity from wild and cultivated G. lucidum fruiting bodies to optimize this biological property on human health. Dried fungal materials were sequentially extracted using cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water. Folin-Ciocalteu assay, oxygen radical absorbance capacity using DPPH and ORAC tests of the polypore extracts were assessed and compared. Among the 28 mushroom extracts tested, four exhibited significant antioxidant activity as ethanol extracts of I. cuticularis, T. hirsuta and wild and cultivated G. lucidum. The ethanol extracts of I. cuticularis and T. hirsuta revealed the highest values for the ORAC test, while the highest values for the Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH tests were found for the ethanol extracts of cultivated G. lucidum and I. cuticularis. Further studies are needed to identify potential bioactive compounds, especially from I. cuticularis and G. lucidum grown under selected conditions and explore their benefits in the pharmaceutical and food industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"25 11","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Phenolic and Organic Acid Compositions and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Agaricomycetes Mushroom Species from Turkey.","authors":"Gülsen Tel-Çayan,&nbsp;Ebru Deveci,&nbsp;Fatih Çayan","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023050127","DOIUrl":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023050127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mushrooms stand out as one of nature's best gifts among the natural product sources with their diversity, therapeutic values and increasing popularity. In this study, antioxidant (ABTS·+ scavenging, β-carotene-bleaching, cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), DPPH· scavenging, and metal chelating assays), and enzyme (buty-rylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibition activities of the extracts obtained from Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers., Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill, Inocutis rheades (Pers.) Fiasson & Niemela and Leptoporus mollis (Pers.) Quél. mushroom species were investigated. The presence of phenolic and organic acid compounds associated with the bioactive properties of the mushroom species was determined by HPLC-DAD. Fumaric acid was found to be prominent compound in C. comatus (43.90 µg/g dw) and C. unicolor (659.9 µg/g dw), vanillin in L. mollis (19.48 µg/g dw), and p-coumaric acid in I. rheades (21.32 µg/g dw). L. mollis methanol extract, as well as higher antioxidant activity than the standards in CUPRAC and β-carotene-bleaching assays, was noted as superior antioxidant active in all assays (except metal chelating). C. comatus possessed the highest inhibition activity on α-amylase (IC50: 0.23 mg/mL for methanol extract), AChE (IC50: 125.50 µg/mL for hexane extract), and BChE (IC50: 61.03 µg/mL for methanol extract). Also, C. comatus methanol (IC50: 0.09 mg/mL) and L. mollis hexane (IC50 : 0.11 mg/ mL) extracts were better α-glucosidase inhibition active than the acarbose (IC50: 0.37 mg/mL). Our study ascertained that the studied mushroom species are particularly sources of biochemically active compounds with therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"25 11","pages":"11-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Activity of Ganoderma Species (Agaricomycetes) from Sonoran Desert, Mexico.","authors":"Alexander Bacallao-Escudero,&nbsp;Patricia Guerrero-Germán,&nbsp;Heriberto Torres-Moreno,&nbsp;Max Vidal-Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Julio César López-Romero,&nbsp;Armando Tejeda-Mansir,&nbsp;Martín Esqueda,&nbsp;Ramón Enrique Robles-Zepeda","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049938","DOIUrl":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023049938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ganoderma species have been used in folk medicine against different illnesses and are characterized by producing a diversity of bioactive metabolites (triterpenoids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenols) with numerous medicinal effects (anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial). This work aims to evaluate ethanolic extracts of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma oerstedii, G. weberianum, and G. subincrustatum strains from the Sonoran Desert in the anti-proliferative activity by the MTT assay on cancer cell lines; anti-inflammatory effect by quantifying nitric oxide (NO) production; antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays; total phenolic and flavonoid content by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 method, respectively; antibacterial activity by the broth microdilution method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts showed anti-proliferative activity with IC50 < 100 µg/mL on the cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, A549, and HeLa, except G. subincrustatum extract with an IC50 > 100 µg/mL; anti-proliferative activity was not selective, being affected non-cancerous cell line ARPE-19. Extracts showed significant inhibition of NO release in cells stimulated by LPS, up to 60% with G. subincrustatum and G. oerstedii, and 47% with G. weberianum. All tested assays showed moderate antioxidant potential; the most active was G. lucium (control strain) with IC50 of 69 and 30 µg/mL by DPPH and ABTS respectively; and 271 µg Trolox equivalents/g by FRAP. Total phenols and flavonoids ranged from 38 to 56 mg GAE/g and 0.53 to 0.93 mg QE/g, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the antioxidant activities revealed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP with total phenol and flavonoid contents. Antibacterial activity was weak against S. aureus (MIC50 > 10 mg/mL). These results demonstrate that tested Ganoderma mushrooms have medicinal potential such as anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"25 10","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antioxidation and Hepatoprotection of Selenium Mycelium Polysaccharides against Alcoholic Liver Diseases from Cultivated Morel Mushroom Morchella esculenta (Ascomycota)","authors":"Yiwen Zhang, Li Wang, Jiaqi He, Haoze Wang, Wenqi Xin, Houpeng Wang, Jianjun Zhang","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051288","url":null,"abstract":"The liver was regarded as the most important metabolic and detoxification organ in vivo, and Morchella esculenta had been reported as the admittedly rare edible fungus belonging to Ascomycetes contributing to the abundant bioactivities. The objective of this study aimed to confirm the potential antioxidant activities of selenium mycelium polysaccharides (Se-MIP) from M. esculenta against alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) in mice. The results indicated that a selenium concentration of 25 μg/mL exhibited potential in vitro antioxidant capacities of Se-MIP. The in vivo mice results demonstrated that Se-MIP showed potential anti-ALD effects by improving the antioxidant activities and alleviating the hepatic dysfunctions. The present conclusions suggested that Se-MIP could be used as a candidate on improving ALD and its complications for further clinical investigations.","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135152173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF SOME COMPOUNDS OF GASTEROID FUNGI OF WESTERN SIBERIA","authors":"Tamara Teplyakova, Elena Makarevich, Oleg Mazurkov, Ekaterina Filippova, Natalia Mazurkova","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051031","url":null,"abstract":"The antiviral activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts from the fruiting bodies of gasteroid basidiomycetes of Western Siberia: Lycoperdon pyriforme, Lycoperdon pеrlatum and Phallus impudicus, as well as an aqueous extract from cultivated mycelium of Phallus impudicus and total polysaccharides from it, on MDCK cell culture against influenza A virus, was studied. Aqueous and ethanol extracts from the fruiting bodies of all studied gasteroid fungi showed antiviral activity against human influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and bird A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 virus (H5N1). At the same time, extracts from Phallus impudicus and Lycoperdon pyriforme showed more pronouncing antiviral activity compared to the activity of the reference drug Tamiflu against the A/H5N1 avian influenza virus. A high antiviral efficacy of an aqueous extract from cultivated mycelium of the Phallus impudicus and a sample of total polysaccharides from this extract against the A/H5N1 avian influenza virus was revealed.","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136003636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}