International journal of medicinal mushrooms最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Triterpene on Motor and Spatial Learning Disorders in 5xFAD Mice.","authors":"Chang Zhang, Yuanzi Ye, Weiyao Wang, Chunyan Wang, Peigang Gao, Peng Wan","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that gradually destroys cognitive, memory, and thinking skills. Although increasing evidence has demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (GLT) can ameliorate the motor and spatial learning disorders of AD, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Hence, in this study, GLT were obtained by using a traditional Chinese medicine processing method, and then the effects of GLT on motor and spatial learning disorders in 5xFAD mice were investigated by using various techniques such as behavioral analysis, micro-dialysis, and neurophysiological recording. Compared with the 5xFAD group, 0.5 g/kg GLT could decrease escape latency, the total number of limb errors, and the duration of errors. This dose could also increase the number of crossing the original platform, the total movement time, and the distance in the central region of the open-field box, as well as the maximum movement speed and continuous movement time on the rotating rod. After GLT treatment, the glutamate (Glu) content and variation coefficient of a simple spike of Purkinje cells decreased compared with the 5xFAD group, thereby improving the spatial learning and memory ability. Overall, this study shows that GLT may be a potential therapeutic method for patients with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 4","pages":"21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet of Things (IoT)-Driven Fermentation System for Enhanced Cordycepin Production in Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes) under Hypoxic Conditions.","authors":"Tsu-Yi Chien, Hui-Chen Lo, Min-Ling Liu, Tai-Hao Hsu, Shih-Chieh Lee, Wen-Kuang Hsu, Jia-Sin Yang, Shun-Fa Yang, Shih-Ching Chao","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cordycepin, known for its tumor-suppressive and antiviral properties, has garnered attention due to its therapeutic and biological potential. Current Cordyceps militaris - based cordycepin production methods involve time-consuming and cost-intensive solid-state fermentation. Using an internet of things (IoT) architecture, we developed an active air-feed regulation fermentation system (AAFRFS) to detect CO2 emitted during C. militaris submerged fermentation. Equipped with a microcontroller unit and proportional-integral-derivative plus pulse-width modulation technology, the AAFRFS also regulates the air supply, inducing hypoxic stress to enhance cordycepin production. Our system uploads all fermentation data to a cloud database. After 14 d of fermentation (volume 5 L) at 3000 ppm metabolic CO2, cordycepin levels exceeded 1.44 g/L (yield: 103.2 mg/L/d). Hypoxic stress promoted earlier cordycepin production. Utilizing big data with an alert mechanism enabled the early detection of microbial contamination within a 12- to 24-h period. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between temperature and CO2 concentration, suggesting that temperature fluctuations likely affect the respiration rate of C. militaris, thereby altering CO2 levels. Our findings may help optimize fermentation strategies not only for C. militaris but also for other fungal strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 3","pages":"57-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psilocybin Mushrooms and Public Health in Brazil: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Events and Their Implications for Regulatory Discussions.","authors":"Marcel Nogueira, Solimary García-Hernández, Gleicy Sotéro Roberto, Leonardo Zanella Marques","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current drug policy classifies psilocybin, a compound found in psychoactive mushrooms, as having high abuse potential while overlooking its therapeutic properties. We evaluated the risk of psilocybin mushrooms to Brazilian public health compared to other toxic agents and assessed the need for regulatory discussions. This retrospective cross-sectional study followed STROBE guidelines, using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) on adverse events reported from 2007 to 2022. Participants were categorized into a general drug abuse group, which was further divided into psilocybin and unknown mushroom subgroups. Clinical outcomes included non-hospitalization, hospitalization, and death, with associations analyzed via the Chi-square test. Out of 112,451 individuals seeking medical attention for drug abuse-related events, men predominated (n = 79,514; 70.7%), with alcohol being the primary agent (n = 71,824; 49.2%). The psilocybin mushroom group included 13 participants, and the unknown mushroom group included 51. Hospitalization rates were 19.5% (n = 21,923) for drug abuse, 46.2% (n = 6) for psilocybin mushrooms (0.02% of all hospitalizations) (99% CI: 10.6%-81.6%), and 23.5% (n = 12) for unknown mushrooms (99% CI: 8.3%-38.7%). Mortality was 1.8% (n = 2035) for drug abuse group, with no fatal events in the psilocybin or unknown mushroom groups. Deaths were mainly linked to cocaine (33.3%). These findings suggest a low risk for psilocybin mushrooms, though underreporting may be a factor. This study underscores the need for evidence-based regulatory discussions to ensure safe access to psilocybin for clinical and ceremonial use.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 2","pages":"13-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single and Multi-Objective Optimization of the Red Pine Mushroom Lactarius deliciosus (Agaricomycetes) Extraction Conditions Using Artificial Intelligence Methods and Biological Activities of Optimized Extracts.","authors":"Ayşenur Gürgen, Mustafa Sevindik","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the biological activities of Lactarius deliciosus were determined. Experimental studies were carried out using a soxhlet device, in the range of 40-70°C extraction temperature, 3-9 h extraction time and 0.5-2 mg/ ml extraction conditions. A total of 64 different extracts were obtained using four different values of each variable and the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) values of these extracts were determined. The obtained data were modeled using artificial neural networks (ANN). Both single-objective and multi-objective optimization processes were performed using the best ANN model selected among the established models. Single-objective optimization was performed with genetic algorithm (GA), and multi-objective optimization was performed using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) algorithm. Extracts obtained from the extraction conditions suggested by the optimization algorithms were used for biological activities. As a result of the analyzes, TAS values of the single-objective optimization extract (1st) and multi-objective optimization extract (2nd) prepared under optimum conditions of the mushroom were determined as 7.468 ± 0.055 and 6.128 ± 0.049 mmol/L, TOS values were 13.161 ± 0.168 and 10.056 ± 0.106 μmol/L and OSI values were 0.176 ± 0.003 and 0.164 ± 0.003, respectively. It was found to be effective against bacterial and fungal strains at concentrations of 50-200 μg/mL. In addition, mushroom extracts were found to have strong cytotoxic effects against A549 cancer cell line. Acetylcholinesterase activity of the 1st and 2nd extracts of the mushroom were determined as 24.80 ± 0.82 and 32.71 ± 0.91 μg/mL, butyrylcholinesterase activity was determined as 51.24 ± 0.80 and 57.10 ± 0.51 μg/mL, respectively. In our study, it was determined that L. deliciosus extracts obtained under optimum conditions had strong biological activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 2","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Aqueous Extract of Turkey Tail Medicinal Mushroom Trametes versicolor (Agaricomycetes).","authors":"Reetu, Anil Kumar, Shwet Kamal, Ved Parkash Sharma","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025057970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025057970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The turkey tail mushroom (Trametes versicolor) is one of the most important medicinal mushrooms because it contains a variety of effective bioactive compounds. This study aimed to produce a novel biomaterial to combat microbial infections without any harmful effects. Accordingly, an eco-friendly and non-toxic silver nanoparticle (Ag-NPs) was synthesized using the aqueous extract of T. versicolor. In this study, the qualitative tests of T. versicolor were analyzed and AgNPs was synthesized. The T. versicolor mushroom extract showed positive tests for the bioactive compounds phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. The myco-synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy and a strong absorbance peak was found at 423 nanometers. The biosynthetic method developed in this study for producing AgNPs has distinct advantages over chemical methods such as high biosafety, being ecofriendly and non-toxic to the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 5","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Health Effects Associated with the Consumption of Macrocybe titans (Agaricomycetes) from Brazil: A Case Report.","authors":"Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira, Amanda Prado-Elias, Juliano M Baltazar","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025058005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025058005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mushrooms are an important source of food for animals. However, some species produce toxic compounds for humans. Moreover, some people can experience adverse health effects even when the consumed species is edible. Macrocybe titans, commonly known as the giant-mushroom, is a Neotropical species eaten by traditional and urban groups of people. In January 2022, a dinner meal was prepared using wild mushrooms of M. titans collected in a lawn in the urban area of Sorocaba (State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil). Some of the people who attended the dinner experienced adverse health effects (headache, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting) three to eight hours after the consumption of the mushrooms. Fortunately, none of them were hospitalized, and we believe that symptoms were caused due to a combination of factors. This work aims to report for the first time in literature the occurrence of adverse health effects after consuming M. titans.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 5","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Selected Flavonoids Extracted from Cap and Stem of Wild and Cultivated Ganoderma Species (Agaricomycetes) and Bioactivities.","authors":"Yang Liu, Cong Xia, Bo Jie Chen, Xia Li, Xiaojian Wu, Amin Ismail, Xinhong Dong, Hock Eng Khoo","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025058111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025058111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess the bioactivities of flavonoids extracted from two distinct sections of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma species. The flavonoids were extracted from the cap and stem of four Ganoderma species using a methanolic extraction method. The extraction rate, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, in vitro hypoglycemic effects, and antimicrobial activity of flavonoids derived from the wild and cultivated Ganoderma extracts were determined and analyzed. The findings indicated that the extract derived from cultivated black Ganoderma stem exhibited the most favorable outcomes among the four sample extracts. The lowest EC50 value of the DPPH radical scavenging assay was 36.9 μg/mL, and the extract demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase (35.88 μg/mL). However, the cap extract of the cultivated black Ganoderma demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity of α-amylase, with the IC50 value of 34.69 μg/mL. The cap extracts of the cultivated red Ganoderma exhibited the most pronounced antimicrobial activity. These findings indicate notable differences in the bioactivities of flavonoids extracted from the caps and stems of the four Ganoderma species. Consequently, the Ganoderma flavonoids have the potential to serve as potent bioactive ingredients with disease-prevention properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 6","pages":"61-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting Nutritional Proficiency of Oyster Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes): A Selenium and Zinc Fortification Exploration.","authors":"Riya Dhiman, Deepika Sud, Nidhi Ranaut","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional characteristics of bio-enriched oyster mushrooms. Cereal, leguminous and oilseed waste was used as substrates. Rice, soybean and mustard straw performed the best among all substrate fortified by adding Se and Zn salts individually and in combination at three different doses (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) for nutrient analysis. The results showed that highest carbohydrate, 54.01 percent and protein content, 29.41 percent after fortification with Se and Zn at 75 mg/kg as compared to other doses on different substrates. Se at 75 mg/kg gave maximum carbohydrate (60.29%) and protein content (32.32%) in soybean straw while Zn supplementation at 50 mg/kg resulted in high fat content (2.74%) while rice straw had maximum fiber content (18.12%). Based on maximum yield, best dose of both the salts (25 mg/ kg of substrate) were combined and evaluated. The results indicated that soybean straw had the highest nutrient contents having 55.00 percent carbohydrate and 27.72 percent protein content. It was concluded that fortification with selenium and zinc increased the nutritional composition of Pleurotus ostreatus in comparison to control.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 3","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild Mushrooms as a Source of Cholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase Inhibitors.","authors":"Tomaž Trobec, Ema Kurešepi, Larisa Lara Popošek, Luka Šparl, Robert Frangež, Matej Skočaj, Kristina Sepčić","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025058221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025058221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several fungal species, including mushrooms, produce bioactive and toxic compounds that exert many activities, such as direct action on DNA, inhibition of protein synthesis, damage to cell membranes, or direct suppression of certain enzymatic activities. This is particularly important as mushrooms can play an important role in human nutrition and/or are used as dietary supplements. In this context, we screened ethanolic extracts of 64 wild mushrooms for their potential to inhibit cholinesterases and glutathione S-transferase. Seven of the 64 extracts showed an inhibitory effect on cholinesterases, while 24 inhibited glutathione S-transferase. These results suggest that the toxic effects of some mushrooms may be directly linked to a specific class of compounds that act as inhibitors of physiologically relevant enzymes. Most of the identified activities are described for the first time and call for caution, especially when the human diet is rich in mushrooms. Conversely, these bioactive molecules may serve as inspiration for chemical synthesis and the development of potential drugs to combat neurodegenerative diseases or cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 6","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic and Environmental Potential of Mushrooms in Ancient and Modern Contexts: A Review.","authors":"Parthasarathy Seethapathy, Thirukkumar Subramani, Nadir Ayrilmis, Hrishikesh Patil","doi":"10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024057764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mushrooms are the healthiest, safest, most nutritious foods and are vital to human well-being. In historical contexts, religious teachings influenced the treatment of diseases, with ethnomycological knowledge suggesting that mushrooms held divine clues due to their unique appearances. The use of mushrooms was often linked to the \"doctrine of signatures,\" where their morphological resemblance to human organs, such as the ear, kidney, and lungs, prompted researchers to theorize that products derived from mushrooms might be effective in treating health concerns. A wide variety of edible and wild mushrooms are now recognized for their bioactive compounds, which are valuable in biopharmaceuticals and dietary supplements. The compounds exhibit a range of therapeutic properties, encompassing immune enhancement, antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory actions, antiviral capabilities, and anti-neoplastic activities. Modern science has corroborated many of these traditional insights, revealing mushrooms as sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. The intertwined filamentous mycelium of mushrooms is also attracting interest for its biocomposite uses in sustainable and environmentally friendly businesses. Biocomposite materials suitable for construction and building applications can be produced by creating a mycelial matrix or a self-forming adhesive using non-food fungal mycelia flour. This review explores the ethnomycological background, therapeutic potential, and innovative uses of mushroom mycelium in biocomposites, highlighting their role in health, wellness, and sustainable development.</p>","PeriodicalId":94323,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 4","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}