Current Alzheimer research最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Signatures and Clinical Significance of Notch Signaling Pathway in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Dongdong Jia, Ting He, Lu Sun, Qunsong Wang, Haitao Yu","doi":"10.2174/0115672050339307241108101528","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050339307241108101528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and timely and effective diagnosis is essential for the prevention and treatment of AD. Peripheral blood is readily available, inexpensive, and non-invasive, making it an ideal substrate for screening diagnostic biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Notch signaling pathway is closely related to AD, so genes related to the Notch signaling pathway may be candidate diagnostic biomarkers for AD. Here, we have performed an integrated analysis of peripheral blood cells transcriptomics from two AD cohorts (GSE63060: Ctrl = 104, MCI = 80, AD = 145; GSE63061: Ctrl = 134, MCI = 109, AD = 139) to reveal the expression levels of 16 Notch signals involving 100 genes.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The results have shown the changes in Notch signaling-related genes to be highly consistent in both AD cohorts. Bioinformatics analysis has found Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) related to Notch signaling to mainly play important roles in Alzheimer's disease, the Notch signaling pathway, and the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. Multiple machine learning analyses have revealed IKBKB, HDAC2, and PIK3R1 to exhibit good diagnostic value in both AD cohorts and that they may be ideal biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has provided a comprehensive description of the molecular signatures of the Notch signaling pathway in AD peripheral blood and a potential diagnostic model for AD clinical screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"479-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Role of Enrichment Environment on Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease Models: Insights About Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Rodrigo C Neves, Raquel C Figueiredo, Adriana C Faria-Melibeu","doi":"10.2174/0115672050348227241128095209","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050348227241128095209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by synapse loss and neurodegeneration, which leads to cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Researchers worldwide have been studying therapeutic approaches aiming to induce plasticity and neuroprotection once AD has no cure and the existing treatments are limited. Environmental Enrichment (EE) is a change in housing conditions that promotes increased cognitive stimulus. Studies have demonstrated that EE acts as a plasticity modulator in several conditions and experimental models. In this review, we analyze and discuss the potential role of EE on plasticity modulation in different animal models but primarily on AD models. The data were extracted from the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The EE was shown to induce plasticity. LTP and behavior were enhanced in animals under different conditions, such as the AD model. The mechanisms were related to the glutamatergic system and excitatory/ inhibitory balance. Moreover, many studies have evidenced that EE promotes the upregulation of BDNF and the synaptic proteins SYN and PSD95. These data also suggest a neuroprotective function performed by EE in different contexts, such as aging and AD. Therefore, an enriched environment can be a target of new therapeutic approaches that aim to induce neuroplasticity and neuroprotection against AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"457-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Tianjin.","authors":"Tianyu Wang, Keran Duan, Xian Cai, Qi Chen, Liping Zu, Lingyan Liu, Xiaomin Wu, Chenyu Li, Fei Ma","doi":"10.2174/0115672050347596241111112811","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050347596241111112811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between physical activity (PA) and cognitive function remains controversial, and the impact of gender on this association remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between PA and cognitive function and to explore whether this association was modified by gender among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2016, a cluster sampling method was used to select community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and above. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and classified as low, middle, and high. Cognitive function was assessed using the revised Chinese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The multiple linear regression model was used to explore the association between PA and cognitive function and to assess whether this association differs by gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 676 participants with a mean age of 73.63 ± 6.39 were included. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher PA was significantly statistically associated with higher Full Intelligence Quotient (FIQ), Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ), and verbal Intelligence Quotient (VIQ) scores (P<0.05). Among the WAIS-RC subtests, higher PA was significantly statistically associated with higher scores of the similarity subtest, picture completion subtest, and picture arrangement subtest (P<0.05). In the gender subgroup analysis, higher PA was significantly statistically associated with higher FIQ and PIQ scores (P<0.05), but no significant association was found with VIQ scores (P>0.05) in the male group, while in the female group, there was no significant statistical association between higher PA and FIQ, PIQ, or VIQ scores (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher PA was significantly statistically associated with better cognitive function (P<0.05). In the male group, PA was significantly statistically associated with cognitive function, whereas no comparable association was found in the female group.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"517-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Shima Mehrabadi","doi":"10.2174/0115672050365314250112042136","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050365314250112042136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membranous particles that are secreted by various cell types and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Their unique properties and remarkable ability to deliver bioactive cargo to target cells have made them promising tools in the treatment of various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuropathological hallmarks, such as amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Despite extensive research, no disease-modifying therapy for AD is currently available. However, EVs have emerged as a potential therapeutic agent in AD due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, deliver bioactive cargo, and modulate neuroinflammation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the role of EVs in AD and discusses their potential as a therapeutic approach. It covers the mechanisms of action, potential therapeutic targets, and challenges and limitations of EV-based therapies for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"615-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Selective β-Secretase (BACE-1) Inhibitors by the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Small Molecular-sized Peptides.","authors":"Khair Ullah, Mikhlid H Almutairi, Muhammad Naseer Abbas, Abdul Wahab, Sundas Nayab, Fozia Fozia, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Zafar Ali Shah, Ijaz Ahmad, Bader O Almutairi, Ziaullah Ziaullah","doi":"10.2174/0115672050336253241227102506","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050336253241227102506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder for which no effective cure currently exists. Research has identified β-Secretase (BACE1) as a promising therapeutic target for the management of AD. BACE1 is involved in the rate-limiting step and produces toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides that lead to deposits in the form of amyloid plaques extracellularly, resulting in AD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this connection, 60 small peptides were evaluated for their <i>in-silico</i> studies to predict the bonding orientation with BACE1. Next, 5 peptides (12, 20, 21, 51, and 52) were selected based on high scoring of Vander Waal interactions with the catalytic site of the enzyme.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The identified hit peptides were synthesized using Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS), and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) elucidated their structures and 1 1 HNMR spectroscopy. According to their <i>In-vitro</i> BACE1 inhibitory study, peptides 21 having high Vander Waal forces showed significant BACE1 inhibition with IC₅₀ = 4.64 ± 0.1μM). Moreover, the kinetic study revealed that peptide 21 is a mixed-type inhibitor and can interact at the active site and the allosteric site of BACE1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the cytotoxicity study, peptide 21 was found to be noncytotoxic at 4.64 μM, 10 μM and 20 μM. The forthcoming target of this study is to evaluate further the effect of peptide 21 in an in-vivo mice model.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"723-734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tauopathy in AD: Therapeutic Potential of MARK-4.","authors":"Mumtaz, Faraha Ahmed, Syed Arman Rabbani, Mohamed El-Tanani, Abul Kalam Najmi, Javed Ali, Mohammad Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.2174/0115672050358397250126151707","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050358397250126151707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of cognitive decline, which leads to dementia and poses significant challenges for its therapy. The reason is primarily the ineffective available treatments targeting the underlying pathology of AD. It is a neurodegenerative disease that is mainly characterised by the various molecular pathways contributing to its complex pathology, including extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. One of the crucial features is the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, which is facilitated by microtubule affinity-regulating kinase-4 (MARK-4). The kinase plays a crucial role in the disease development by modifying microtubule integrity, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. MARK-4 is thus a druggable target and has a pivotal role in AD. Amongst MARK-4 inhibitors, 16 compounds demonstrate significant capacity in molecular docking studies, showing high binding affinity to MARK-4 and promising potential for tau inhibition. Further, <i>in-vitro</i> investigations provide evidence of their neuroprotective properties. The present review mainly focuses on the role of MARK-4 and its potential inhibitors used in treating AD, which have been thoroughly investigated <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vitro.</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"779-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and Ferroptosis: A Bibliometric Study Based on Citespace.","authors":"Fengwen Lin, Xiaolu Yang, Linqin Li, Jie Chen, Xuxiang Zheng, Lihua Qiu, Shaorui Shi, Bin Nie","doi":"10.2174/0115672050348799241211072746","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050348799241211072746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The potential relationship between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and ferroptosis has received considerable attention, yet there is no comprehensive visualization analysis in this field. This study aimed to explore the research frontiers and hotspots through bibliometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature related to AD and ferroptosis was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Data, including countries, authors, institutions, journals, and keywords, were analyzed by Tableau Public Desktop and Citespace software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 305 articles published between January 1st, 2013, and December 31st, 2023, were included, and the number of articles on the relationship between AD and ferroptosis has increased annually, with the largest number reported from China (162 articles). The articles from Professor SJ Dixon were cited most frequently. Among the top ten most cited articles, four were published in top journals. The University of Melbourne emerged as the institution with the highest number of publications (27 articles). Among the journals, most of the articles were published in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (13 articles, accounting for 4.26%). The co-occurrence analysis of keywords revealed that major hotspots in this field contained oxidative stress, cell death, and lipid peroxidation. Keyword burst analysis indicated that antioxidant was the term with the longest duration of high interest, while clustering analysis showed that this research area primarily focused on amyloid precursor protein, drug development, and diagnostic models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bibliometric analyses were conducted to comprehensively present the research progress and trends on the relationship between AD and ferroptosis, providing valuable evidence for future research in related fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"566-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical Thickness and Complexity in aMCI Patients: Altered Pattern Analysis and Early Diagnosis.","authors":"Mengling Tao, Zhongfeng Xie, Peiying Chen, Xiaowen Xu, Peijun Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115672050347905240918094644","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050347905240918094644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is a prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease. Although recent studies have focused on cortical thickness as a key indicator, cortical complexity has not been exhaustively investigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the altered patterns of cortical features in aMCI patients and their correlation with memory function for early identification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>25 aMCI patients and 54 normal controls underwent neuropsychological assessments and 3D-T1 MRI scans. Cortical thickness and complexity measures were calculated using CAT12 software. Differences between groups were analyzed using two-sample t-tests, and multiple linear regression was employed to identify features associated with memory function. A support vector machine (SVM) model was constructed using multidimensional structural indicators to evaluate diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>aMCI patients exhibited extensive reductions in cortical thickness (<i>pFDR-corrected</i> <0.05), with complexity reduction predominantly in the left parahippocampal, entorhinal, rostral anterior cingulate, fusiform, and orbitofrontal (<i>pFWE-corrected</i><0.05). Cortical indicators exhibited robust correlations with auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) scores. Specifically, the fractal dimension of the left medial orbitofrontal region was independently and positively associated with AVLT-short delayed score (r=0.348, p=0.002), while the gyrification index of the left rostral anterior cingulate region showed independent positive correlations with AVLT-long delayed and recognition scores (r=0.408, p=0.000; r=0.332, p=0.003). Finally, the SVM model integrating these cortical features achieved an AUC of 0.91, with 82.28% accuracy, 76% sensitivity, and 85.19% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cortical morphological indicators provide important neuroimaging evidence for the early diagnosis of aMCI. Integrating multiple structural indicators significantly improves diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"342-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Multimorbidity with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Crosssectional and Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Ming-Zhan Zhang, Yan Sun, Yan-Ming Chen, Fan Guo, Pei-Yang Gao, Lan Tan, Meng-Shan Tan","doi":"10.2174/0115672050314397240708060314","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050314397240708060314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Object: </strong>The study aims to determine whether multimorbidity status is associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 827 patients were enrolled from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database, including 638 patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) and 189 healthy controls (HCs). Multimorbidity status was evaluated based on the count of long-term conditions (LTCs) and the multimorbidity pattern. Using linear regression models, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to assess the associations of multimorbidity status with CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders, including α-synuclein (αSyn), amyloid-β₄₂ (Aβ₄₂), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, the CSF t-tau (p = 0.010), p-tau (p = 0.034), and NfL (p = 0.049) levels showed significant differences across the three categories of LTC counts. In the longitudinal analysis, the presence of LTCs was associated with lower Aβ₄₂ (β < -0.001, p = 0.020), and higher t-tau (β = 0.007, p = 0.026), GFAP (β = 0.013, p = 0.022) and NfL (β = 0.020, p = 0.012); Participants with tumor/musculoskeletal/mental disorders showed higher CSF levels of t-tau (β = 0.016, p = 0.011) and p-tau (β = 0.032, p = 0.044) than those without multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multimorbidity, especially severe multimorbidity and the pattern of mental/musculoskeletal/ tumor disorders, was associated with CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders in early-stage PD patients, suggesting that multimorbidity might play a crucial role in aggravating neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Dementia Onset: AT(N) Profiles and Predictive Modeling in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients.","authors":"Carlos Platero, Jussi Tohka, Bryan Strange","doi":"10.2174/0115672050295317240223162312","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672050295317240223162312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) usually precedes the symptomatic phase of dementia and constitutes a window of opportunities for preventive therapies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to predict the time an MCI patient has left to reach dementia and obtain the most likely natural history in the progression of MCI towards dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 633 MCI patients and 145 subjects with dementia through 4726 visits over 15 years from Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. A combination of data from AT(N) profiles at baseline and longitudinal predictive modeling was applied. A data-driven approach was proposed for categorical diagnosis prediction and timeline estimation of cognitive decline progression, which combined supervised and unsupervised learning techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A reduced vector of only neuropsychological measures was selected for training the models. At baseline, this approach had high performance in detecting subjects at high risk of converting from MCI to dementia in the coming years. Furthermore, a Disease Progression Model (DPM) was built and also verified using three metrics. As a result of the DPM focused on the studied population, it was inferred that amyloid pathology (A+) appears about 7 years before dementia, and tau pathology (T+) and neurodegeneration (N+) occur almost simultaneously, between 3 and 4 years before dementia. In addition, MCI-A+ subjects were shown to progress more rapidly to dementia compared to MCI-A- subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on proposed natural histories and cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of AD markers, the results indicated that only a single cerebrospinal fluid sample is necessary during the prodromal phase of AD. Prediction from MCI into dementia and its timeline can be achieved exclusively through neuropsychological measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":"778-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}