Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne最新文献

{"title":"Air embolism: The unknown story in ritual animal slaughter.","authors":"Simon W Rabkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of sectioning the jugular veins in the ritual slaughter of animals for food consumption has not been well-characterized. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the consequences of severing the jugular veins. In animal slaughter, when the jugular vein is transected, air travels antegrade into the right ventricle due to the powerful suction effect of right ventricular diastolic function and retrograde into the cerebral circulation, due to the natural buoyancy of the air bubbles. Air sucked into the heart induces hypotension because it creates an 'air lock' in the heart and elicits reflexes in the pulmonary arteries. Air exceeding the pulmonary filtration threshold travels to the left ventricle where ejection creates emboli leading to systemic organ ischemia. Air emboli travelling to the brain through the vertebral artery produce cerebral ischemia, which will further accelerate the brain damage produced by the severed carotid arteries. Air embolism is a well-documented cause of death in animals as well as humans, and the larger the volume of air entering the circulation the faster death will ensue. Veterinarians should consider air embolism as another pathway in ritual slaughter that can lead to rapid animal death.</p>","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"564-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine viral diarrhea virus and virus-neutralizing antibody titers in beef calves at or near fall weaning.","authors":"Colleen M Pollock, John R Campbell, Marjolaine Rousseau, M Claire Windeyer, Cheryl L Waldner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in spring-born beef calves, at or near fall weaning, and assess how concentrations of BVDV Type 1 and Type 2 antibodies near weaning varied among BVDV vaccination programs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Serum was collected from 1934 beef calves in 107 herds in the Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network (C3SN).</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>Reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect BVDV infection, and serum virus neutralization assay measured antibody concentrations for BVDV Type 1 and Type 2. Records of BVDV vaccine use were available for nursing calves and cows within the past year from 95 herds. Mixed regression was used to estimate the association between herd vaccination status and antibody concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 0.2% of calves and 2.8% of herds were positive or suspect for current BVDV infection. Median serum virus neutralization BVDV Types 1 and 2 titers were 54 and 108, and 19% of calves had undetectable titers. One in 3 calves had titers ≥ 324 and < 6% had titers ≥ 8748. In the 95% of herds in which cows had been vaccinated against BVDV, calves that received 1 or 2 doses of BVDV vaccine pre-weaning (80%) were more likely (<i>P</i> < 0.02) to have BVDV Types 1 and 2 titers ≥ 324 near weaning compared to unvaccinated calves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>Although the overall low prevalence of persistently infected calves was similar to that in previous reports, BVDV antibody titers were higher and the herd-level prevalence of BVDV infection was lower than in previous reports. Herd-level prevalence of BVDV infection was lower in Canadian beef herds that commonly administered BVDV vaccination to both cows and nursing calves. Calves from vaccinated herds also had significantly higher BVDV Type 1 and Type 2 titers at weaning, suggesting reduced risk from transient infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"555-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymph node staging for oral tumors.","authors":"Monique N Mayer, Sally L Sukut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"571-574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to protect your veterinary practice from a down economy.","authors":"Amy Noonan, Darren Osborne","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"579-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical progression of a case of toe-tip necrosis syndrome in a feedlot steer.","authors":"Désirée Gellatly, Karen S Schwartzkopf-Genswein, Wiolene M Nordi, Tawni Silver, Murray Jelinski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fractious feedlot steer was diagnosed with hind-limb lameness at 19 d on-feed. Clinical examination (Week 0) revealed white line separation of both lateral digits of both hind feet. Debridement confirmed toe-tip necrosis syndrome and the steer was treated with oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg, SC) and meloxicam (0.10 mg/kg, SC). Radiographs revealed osteolysis of P3 bones of both lateral digits, and by Week 4 the medial claw of the right hind foot was similarly affected. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted over a 25-week period. Rectal temperature, body weight (BW), cortisol (salivary and hair), haptoglobin, and complete blood (cell) counts were obtained over a 22-week period. New horn growth covered the debrided sole defects by Week 7, and radiographs confirmed remodelling of the P3 bones. At slaughter (Week 25), both hind feet appeared normal except for the lateral digits being longer than the medial digits. Radiographs indicated permanent changes in the P3 bones. Although this animal had osteolysis in 3 of 4 hind-limb digits, it was successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy and debridement on Week 0 followed by a second debridement in Week 2. Early intervention and debriding are central to preventing other sequelae such as deep digital sepsis. Key clinical message: A feedlot steer diagnosed with toe-tip necrosis syndrome, including osteolysis of 3 of 4 hind-limb digits, was successfully treated with debridement and antimicrobial therapy. Radiographic examinations confirmed remodeling of the distal phalanges (P3) and absence of active infection 25 wk after treatment. This case underscores that feedlot animals with osteolysis of multiple P3 bones can be treated successfully using debridement and antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"514-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the course of improvement with molnupiravir treatment for feline infectious peritonitis.","authors":"Shino Yoshida, Mei Sugawara-Suda, Kazuyoshi Sasaoka, Noboru Sasaki, Nozomu Yokoyama, Kensuke Nakamura, Keitaro Morishita, Sangho Kim, Takafumi Sunaga, Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To clarify the clinical course during molnupiravir treatment for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).</p><p><strong>Animals and procedure: </strong>Cats diagnosed with FIP and treated with molnupiravir at Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan) were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven cats were eligible for inclusion. Six cats had effusive FIP and 5 had non-effusive FIP. In noneffusive cases, 2 cats had neurological abnormalities at diagnosis, whereas 1 additional cat developed neurological signs during treatment. The median initial dosage of molnupiravir was 13.0 mg/kg (range: 10.0 to 15.0 mg/kg), PO, q12h. One cat died after 11 d and the remaining 10 cats completed an 84-day course of treatment. All neurological cases were given dosage increases, extended treatment duration, or both. The median final dosage of molnupiravir in non-neuro-FIP cases was 13.1 mg/kg (range: 10.0 to 15.0 mg/kg), PO, q12h, whereas dosages in neuro-FIP cases were 15.0, 15.2, and 17.2 mg/kg, PO, q12h in the 3 affected cats, respectively. In non-neurological cases, dysrexia, lethargy, and high serum amyloid A were resolved within 15 d. Total follow-up duration ranged from 175 to 362 d. No relapses were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>Monitoring responses to molnupiravir treatment requires observing clinical signs and conducting clinicopathological evaluations, including acute-phase protein evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"546-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of needle arthroscope as an alternative to standard laparoscope for prophylactic gastropexy in a dog.","authors":"Jacqueline Marquez, Anna E Jones, Nicole J Buote","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laparoscopic procedures offer advantages over traditional laparotomies due to decreased complications, shorter hospital stays, and reduced postoperative pain. Orthopedic needlescopic procedures, in which a 1- to 1.9-millimeter telescope is used, provide these benefits as well as shorter operation times and even less pain and scarring. Needlescopic abdominal procedures have not been investigated in animals. A successful prophylactic gastropexy under needlescopic visualization in a 51.6-kilogram Great Dane dog is reported. This report demonstrates the viability, safety, and success of needlescopic gastropexy in a dog with the use of a 1.9-millimeter needle arthroscope. Key clinical message: New information is provided for future hypothesis advancement on the use of needle arthroscopes for abdominal and thoracic surgery in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"491-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emphysematous hepatitis, emphysematous gastritis, and pneumatosis coli in a 5-month-old Shiba Inu dog.","authors":"Miho Kumamoto, Carsten Bandt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 5-month-old spayed female Shiba Inu dog was presented because of acute vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness. The dog had undergone elective ovariohysterectomy, received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, and undergone an intestinal biopsy 1 d before presentation. On physical examination, the dog was in shock and had abdominal pain. There were an increased hematocrit, band neutrophilia with toxic change, and elevated urea concentration and liver enzyme values. Abdominal ultrasound revealed gas foci within the gastric wall, hepatic parenchyma, and colonic wall, consistent with emphysematous infection. Fecal analysis revealed low levels of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> alpha toxin gene. The dog was treated medically with intravenous fluids, antimicrobial therapy, gastric decompression, and supportive treatments. Rapid clinical improvement was noted, accompanied by improvements on repeat abdominal ultrasonography examinations and blood work. A positive outcome was observed in this dog. The etiology for emphysematous infection was unclear, with multiple risk factors reported in human literature. In this case, administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, preexisting enteropathy, and recent abdominal surgery may have contributed to disease development. This is the first report of concurrent emphysematous gastritis, pneumatosis coli, and emphysematous hepatitis in a dog. This case report could aid practitioners in recognizing, diagnosing, and treating emphysematous infections in dogs with acute abdominal symptoms. Key clinical message: This is the first report of concurrent emphysematous gastritis, pneumatosis coli, and emphysematous hepatitis in a dog. The report provides information regarding the pathogenesis of, risk factors for, and diagnosis and treatment of emphysematous infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"497-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinary Medical Ethics.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"479-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semen quality and pathological lesions in rams naturally infected with <i>Brucella ovis</i> during an outbreak in Saskatchewan.","authors":"Devinda Wickramasingha, Fritz Schumann, Soraya Sayi, Abby Toews, Kamal Gabadage, Roshan Fernandopulle, Dinesh Dadarwal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report documents clinical signs, semen parameters, and reproductive organ lesions in rams during a natural <i>Brucella ovis</i> outbreak. Eleven rams from 1 flock underwent 2 breeding soundness evaluations and necropsies. <i>Brucella ovis</i> was isolated from all semen ejaculates and confirmed <i>via</i> whole-genome sequencing. Despite above-threshold scrotal circumferences, all rams were categorized as unsatisfactory due to poor semen quality and leukocytes in semen. Semen motility values in 9 of 11 infected rams and morphologically normal sperm in all infected rams were below the recommended threshold values. Necropsies revealed gross lesions in 7 of 11 rams, with histopathology revealing inflammatory lesions in the epididymides, ductus deferens, ampullae, and seminal vesicles in all rams and in the testes in 9 of 11 rams. Inflammatory infiltrates were primarily lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic, with fibrosis, vasculitis, mineralization, and spermatic granulomas also observed. Key clinical message: Gross and histopathological lesions as well as semen characteristics were described in rams naturally infected with <i>B. ovis</i>. Most were subclinical cases. Veterinary practitioners can utilize changes in semen quality and the presence of leukocytes as potential indicators of <i>B. ovis</i> infection in rams, which may prompt further confirmatory testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9429,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne","volume":"66 5","pages":"523-532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}