World journal of methodology最新文献

{"title":"Synthetic data as an investigative tool in hypertension and renal diseases research.","authors":"Aleena Jamal, Som Singh, Fawad Qureshi","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.98626","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.98626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing body of clinical research on the utility of synthetic data derivatives, an emerging research tool in medicine. In nephrology, clinicians can use machine learning and artificial intelligence as powerful aids in their clinical decision-making while also preserving patient privacy. This is especially important given the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease, renal oncology, and hypertension worldwide. However, there remains a need to create a framework for guidance regarding how to better utilize synthetic data as a practical application in this research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"15 1","pages":"98626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restless head syndrome: A retrospective study.","authors":"Sanjay Prakash, Varoon Vadodaria, Niraj Chawda, Chetsi S Shah, Anurag Prakash","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.97171","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.97171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an urge to move with an unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs. RLS typically affects the legs. However, it can also affect several other body regions, such as the arms, abdomen, face, neck, head, and genital area. There are only a few reports of the RLS variant affecting the head.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the epidemiological, clinical, and other aspects of the RLS variant affecting the head.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of 17 adult patients (> 18 years) who met the RLS criteria and simultaneously experienced RLS-like symptoms in the head.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at which symptoms appeared was 41.6 years. Males and females were equally affected (1.1:1). All 17 patients had uncomfortable sensations in the lower legs. Insomnia or disturbed sleep was the most common comorbidity (<i>n</i> = 16, 88.2%). However, headache was the most common presenting or primary symptom (<i>n</i> = 10, 70.5%). Dizziness or an abnormal sensation in the head was the second most common presenting symptom (5 patients, 29.4%). Other presenting features were leg pain, backache, and generalized body pain. All patients responded favorably to dopaminergic medications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>If RLS-related unpleasant sensations and pain are felt in the head, they may be misinterpreted as headache, dizziness, or psychosomatic symptoms. RLS and headaches in a subset of patients may be two phenotypic manifestations of the same disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"15 1","pages":"97171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular microvascular and structural changes on optical coherence tomography angiography in atypical optic neuritis.","authors":"Chinmay Mahatme, Madhurima Kaushik, Veerappan Rathinasabapathy Saravanan, Karthik Kumar, Virna M Shah","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.98482","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.98482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atypical optic neuritis, consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD), has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and long-term management strategies. Vascular and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders, apart from the obvious immune mediated damage. With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural changes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic neuritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NMOSD and 17 MOGAD patients, diagnosed serologically, as well as 10 healthy controls. Macular vascular density (MVD) and ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPL) were studied using OCTA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant reduction in MVD in NMOSD and MOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy controls. NMOSD and MOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy controls. NMOSD unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to MOGAD unaffected eyes. On comparing NMOSD with MOGAD, there was no significant difference in terms of MVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients, they could not help in differentiating between NMOSD and MOGAD cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"15 1","pages":"98482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary embolism after shoulder surgery: Is it a real threat?","authors":"Charalampos Pitsilos, Pericles Papadopoulos, Panagiotis Givissis, Byron Chalidis","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.98343","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.98343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare but devastating complication of shoulder surgery. Apart from increased morbidity and mortality rates, it may significantly impair postoperative recovery and functional outcome. Its frequency accounts for up to 5.7% of all shoulder surgery procedures with a higher occurrence in women and patients older than 70 years. It is most commonly associated with thrombophilia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, hypertension, and a history of malignancy. PE usually occurs secondary to upper or lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, in rare cases, the source of the thrombi cannot be determined. Prophylaxis for PE following shoulder surgery remains a topic of debate, and the standard of care does not routinely require prophylactic medication for DVT prophylaxis. Early ambulation and elastic stockings are important preventative measures for DVT of the lower extremity and medical agents such as aspirin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and vitamin K antagonists are indicated for high-risk patients, long-lasting operations, or concomitant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The most common symptoms of PE include chest pain and shortness of breath, but PE can also be asymptomatic in patients with intrinsic tolerance of hypoxia. Patients with DVT may also present with swelling and pain of the respective extremity. The treatment of PE includes inpatient or outpatient anticoagulant therapy if the patient is hemodynamically unstable or stable, respectively. Hemodynamic instability may require transfer to the intensive care unit, and cardiovascular arrest can be implicated in fatal events. An important issue for patients with PE in the postoperative period after shoulder surgery is residual stiffness due to a delay in rehabilitation and a prolonged hospital stay. Early physiotherapy and range-of-motion exercises do not adversely affect the prognosis of PE and are highly recommended to preserve shoulder mobility and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"15 1","pages":"98343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research surveys and their evolution: Past, current and future uses in healthcare.","authors":"Michael Colwill, Richard Pollok, Andrew Poullis","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.93559","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.93559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research surveys are believed to have originated in antiquity with evidence of them being performed in ancient Egypt and Greece. In the past century, their use has grown significantly and they are now one of the most frequently employed research methods including in the field of healthcare. Modern validation techniques and processes have allowed researchers to broaden the scope of qualitative data they can gather through these surveys such as an individual's views on service quality to nationwide surveys that are undertaken regularly to follow healthcare trends. This article focuses on the evolution and current utility of research surveys, different methodologies employed in their creation, the advantages and disadvantages of different forms and their future use in healthcare research. We also review the role artificial intelligence and the importance of increased patient participation in the development of these surveys in order to obtain more accurate and clinically relevant data.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"14 4","pages":"93559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020.","authors":"Yazan Abboud, Raj Malhotra, Muhammad Hassaan Arif Maan, Anna Mathew, Ibrahim Abboud, Chun-Wei Pan, Saqr Alsakarneh, Fouad Jaber, Islam Mohamed, David Kim, Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95598","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While prior data showed an increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States, there are limited comprehensive and comparative data on the geographical variations of HCC trends in different demographic-specific populations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate sex and age-specific incidence rates and time trends in different geographical regions in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Age-adjusted HCC incidence rates were collected from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database which covers approximately 98% of the population in the United States. HCC rates were stratified by sex, age, and geographical region. annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) were estimated using Joinpoint Regression. A pairwise comparison was conducted between sex-specific trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 467344 patients diagnosed with HCC in the United States in the USCS database between 2001 and 2020. The rates and trends varied by geographical region. When looking at the West region (115336 patients), incidence rates of HCC were overall increasing and also increasing in older adults. However, when evaluating younger adults, HCC incidence rates decreased in men but not in women with a sex-specific absolute AAPC-difference of 2.15 (<i>P</i> = 0.005). When evaluating the Midwest region (84612 patients), similar results were seen. While incidence rates were increasing in the overall population and in older adults as well, they were decreasing in younger men but not in women with a sex-specific absolute AAPC-difference of 1.61 (<i>P</i> < 0.001). For the Northeast region (87259 patients), the analysis showed similar results with decreasing HCC incidence rates in younger men but not counterpart women (Sex-specific AAPC-difference = 3.26, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Lastly, when evaluating the south (180137 patients), the results were also decreasing in younger men but not in women (Sex-specific AAPC-difference = 2.55, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nationwide analysis covering around 98% of the United States population shows an increasing incidence of HCC across all geographical regions, most notably in the South. While younger men experienced decreasing HCC incidence, younger women had a stable trend and this was noted across all regions as well. Our study offers insight into the epidemiology of HCC in different demographic groups across various United States geographical regions. While the reasons contributing to our findings are unclear, they can be related to sex and regional disparities in healthcare access and utilization. Future research is warranted to characterize the temporal change in HCC risk factors across different United States regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"14 4","pages":"95598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobanks and biomarkers: Their current and future role in biomedical research.","authors":"Michael Colwill, Samantha Baillie, Richard Pollok, Andrew Poullis","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.91387","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.91387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance and utility of biobanks has increased exponentially since their inception and creation. Initially used as part of translational research, they now contribute over 40% of data for all cancer research papers in the United States of America and play a crucial role in all aspects of healthcare. Multiple classification systems exist but a simplified approach is to either classify as population-based or disease-oriented entities. Whilst historically publicly funded institutions, there has been a significant increase in industry funded entities across the world which has changed the dynamic of biobanks offering new possibilities but also new challenges. Biobanks face legal questions over data sharing and intellectual property as well as ethical and sustainability questions particularly as the world attempts to move to a low-carbon economy. International collaboration is required to address some of these challenges but this in itself is fraught with complexity and difficulty. This review will examine the current utility of biobanks in the modern healthcare setting as well as the current and future challenges these vital institutions face.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"14 4","pages":"91387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative care for end-stage liver disease and acute on chronic liver failure: A systematic review.","authors":"Vakaola I Pulotu Mafi, Jonathan Soldera","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95904","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>End stage liver disease (ESLD) represents a growing health concern characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality, particularly among individual ineligible for liver transplantation. The demand for palliative care (PC) is pronounced in patients grappling with ESLD and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Unfortunately, the historical underutilization of PC in ESLD patients, despite their substantial needs and those of their family caregivers, underscores the imperative of seamlessly integrating PC principles into routine healthcare practices across the entire disease spectrum.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To comprehensively investigate the evidence surrounding the benefits of incorporating PC into the comprehensive care plan for individuals confronting ESLD and/or ACLF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search in the Medline (PubMed) database was performed using a predetermined search command, encompassing studies published in English without any restrictions on the publication date. Subsequently, the retrieved studies were manually examined. Simple descriptive analyses were employed to summarize the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search strategies yielded 721 references. Following the final analysis, 32 full-length references met the inclusion criteria and were consequently incorporated into the study. Meticulous data extraction from these 32 studies was undertaken, leading to the execution of a comprehensive narrative systematic review. The review found that PC provides significant benefits, reducing symptom burden, depressive symptoms, readmission rates, and hospital stays. Yet, barriers like the appeal of transplants and misconceptions about PC hinder optimal utilization. Integrating PC early, upon the diagnosis of ESLD and ACLF, regardless of transplant eligibility and availability, improves the quality of life for these patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the substantial suffering and poor prognosis associated with ESLD and ACLF, where liver transplantation stands as the only curative treatment, albeit largely inaccessible, PC services have been overtly provided too late in the course of the illness. A comprehensive understanding of PC's pivotal role in treating ESLD and ACLF is crucial for overcoming these barriers, involving healthcare providers, patients, and caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"14 4","pages":"95904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of artificial intelligence systems' accuracy in providing medical drug dosages: A methodological study.","authors":"Swaminathan Ramasubramanian, Sangeetha Balaji, Tejashri Kannan, Naveen Jeyaraman, Shilpa Sharma, Filippo Migliorini, Suhasini Balasubramaniam, Madhan Jeyaraman","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.92802","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.92802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medication errors, especially in dosage calculation, pose risks in healthcare. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems like ChatGPT and Google Bard may help reduce errors, but their accuracy in providing medication information remains to be evaluated.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy of AI systems (ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, Google Bard) in providing drug dosage information per Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A set of natural language queries mimicking real-world medical dosage inquiries was presented to the AI systems. Responses were analyzed using a 3-point Likert scale. The analysis, conducted with Python and its libraries, focused on basic statistics, overall system accuracy, and disease-specific and organ system accuracies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT 4 outperformed the other systems, showing the highest rate of correct responses (83.77%) and the best overall weighted accuracy (0.6775). Disease-specific accuracy varied notably across systems, with some diseases being accurately recognized, while others demonstrated significant discrepancies. Organ system accuracy also showed variable results, underscoring system-specific strengths and weaknesses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ChatGPT 4 demonstrates superior reliability in medical dosage information, yet variations across diseases emphasize the need for ongoing improvements. These results highlight AI's potential in aiding healthcare professionals, urging continuous development for dependable accuracy in critical medical situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"14 4","pages":"92802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing outcomes: Implementing enhanced recovery after surgery in orthopedic surgery.","authors":"Sathish Muthu, Madhan Jeyaraman, Naveen Jeyaraman, Swaminathan Ramasubramanian","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95558","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the realm of orthopedics, the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols marks a significant stride towards enhancing patient well-being. By embracing a holistic approach that encompasses preoperative counseling, dietary optimization, minimally invasive procedures, and early postoperative mobilization, these protocols have ushered in a new era of surgical care. Despite encountering hurdles like resistance to change and resource allocation challenges, the efficacy of ERAS protocols in improving clinical outcomes is undeniable. Noteworthy benefits include shortened hospital stays and bolstered improved patient-safety measures. Looking ahead, the horizon for ERAS in orthopedics appears bright, with an emphasis on tailoring care to individual needs, integrating cutting-edge technologies, and perpetuating research endeavors. This shift towards a more personalized, streamlined, and cost-efficient model of care underscores the transformative potential of ERAS in reshaping not only orthopedic surgery but also the journey to patient recovery. This editorial details the scope and future of ERAS in the orthopedic specialty.</p>","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"14 4","pages":"95558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}