肠道病毒和微生物群在炎症性肠病中的相互作用。

Xiao-Long Li, Mueen Megdadi, Humair S Quadri
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引用次数: 0

摘要

炎症性肠病(IBD),包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎,是一种以反复发作的胃肠道炎症为特征的慢性疾病。虽然免疫、遗传和环境因素都得到了很好的研究,但肠道病毒却很少受到关注。这篇社论重点介绍了肠道病毒在IBD中的作用及其与细菌微生物群和宿主免疫系统的相互作用。肠道病毒组由噬菌体、真核病毒和内源性逆转录病毒组成。其中Caudovirales噬菌体占主导地位,并通过溶原和裂解循环影响细菌群落。真核病毒直接感染宿主细胞,而内源性逆转录病毒影响基因调控和免疫应答。在IBD中,病毒组表现出明显的改变,包括尾状病毒噬菌体的丰度增加和微病毒科多样性减少,表明存在促炎病毒环境。生态失调、慢性炎症和异常免疫反应通过破坏微生物群落和改变病毒组组成来促进这些变化。噬菌体通过裂解、溶原和水平基因转移影响细菌动力学,塑造微生物的适应性和恢复力。了解这些相互作用对于确定新的治疗靶点和恢复IBD的微生物平衡至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Interaction between gut virome and microbiota on inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic condition marked by recurring gastrointestinal inflammation. While immune, genetic, and environmental factors are well-studied, the gut virome has received less attention. This editorial highlights the work which investigates the gut virome's role in IBD and its interactions with the bacterial microbiome and host immune system. The gut virome consists of bacteriophages, eukaryotic viruses, and endogenous retroviruses. Among these, Caudovirales bacteriophages are predominant and influence bacterial communities via lysogenic and lytic cycles. Eukaryotic viruses infect host cells directly, while endogenous retroviruses impact gene regulation and immune responses. In IBD, the virome shows distinct alterations, including an increased abundance of Caudovirales phages and reduced Microviridae diversity, suggesting a pro-inflammatory viral environment. Dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and aberrant immune responses contribute to these changes by disrupting microbial communities and modifying virome composition. Phages affect bacterial dynamics through lysis, lysogeny, and horizontal gene transfer, shaping microbial adaptability and resilience. Understanding these interactions is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and restoring microbial balance in IBD.

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