Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Establishing the African region monitoring vaccine effectiveness (AFRO-MoVE) network for respiratory pathogens.","authors":"C E Gurry, J M Mwenda, A Nardone, S Cohuet, A Worwui, M Valenciano, H C Lewis, C S Wiysonge, R Katsande, R Mukaro, F Braka, A S Gueye, T Balde, I Bergeri, B Impouma","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population-level vaccination with newly developed vaccines to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic created a need to monitor vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and changing epidemiology. WHO and partners launched the African Region Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness (AFRO-MoVE) Network in March 2021 to assess the performance of COVID-19 vaccines in real-world conditions in Africa. The Network aimed to facilitate and support comparable COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness studies in the African region, to provide a platform of scientific expertise and infrastructure, encourage the use of robust similar study designs to enable pooling to produce regional VE estimates and to build a sustainable network of hospitals, institutions, and experts to evaluate vaccines against pandemic and endemic respiratory pathogens. In the two years since its inception, the network has coordinated VE studies in the region and provided technical guidance and generic protocols employing robust methodologies. It brought together over 200 experts, representing 22 African countries and 55 organisations, and strengthened capacities by hosting ten webinars and six technical workshops. Of the 55 partners organisations, 25 based in 13 countries collaborated on implementing VE studies in the region. AFRO-MoVE supported study implementation in two phases, first targeting COVID-19 vaccination priority groups, then the general population. The network provides technical and financial support to nine studies, including three cohort studies in health workers and adults with comorbidities, and six test-negative design studies evaluating VE against symptomatic and severe disease. A data platform was established for pooled regional estimates. The AFRO-MoVE Network can form a sustainable platform to provide data for evidence informed decisions and timely VE monitoring for existing and new vaccines against respiratory pathogens and other diseases in the African region. Further development and consolidation of the network's activities can enable rapid response to future epidemics and pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Arnaud Fernandez, Florence Askenazy, Susanne Thümmler","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omicron JN.1 escape neutralization by omicron subvariants infection in elderly individuals.","authors":"Fan Liu, Yuanling Yu, Jincheng Tong, Jiajing Wu, Qiong Lu, Ruixin Liu, LinLin Cao, Xiaolu Ma, Jihong Zhu, Tianbing Wang, Shuo Liu, Ziteng Liang, Xuelian Wu, Tao Li, Chenyan Zhao, Jianhui Nie, Youchun Wang, Weijin Huang, Weibo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FTIR monitoring of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for lung cancer patients: Changes in amides vibrations correlated with biochemical assays.","authors":"Jolanta Smok-Kalwat, Stanisław Góźdź, Paweł Macek, Piotr Wasiński, Maryna Khalavka, Przemyslaw Raczkiewicz, Andrzej Stepulak, Joanna Depciuch","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Unfortunately, respiratory tract infections are very common in lung cancer patients, delaying appropriate anticancer therapy. To increase therapy efficiency, in this study we examined the effect of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on the immune response in lung cancer patients, which indirectly affects the success of anticancer therapy. The study was done using biochemical tests and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy. For this purpose, serum from lung cancer patients aged 52 ± 9 years (III and IV clinical stage; 79 %; n = 103) before and seven as well as 30 days after vaccination was collected. Obtained results showed increasing concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG and IgG2 groups in patients after vaccination in comparison with group before vaccination. This result was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, where higher absorbances of amides vibrations were observed after vaccination. Interestingly, lack of differences in the amides absorbances between patients 7 and 30 days after vaccination were noticed. FTIR spectra also showed changes in the ratio between amide I and amide III as well as between amide II and amide III in the groups of patients after vaccination. From deconvolution of made I range (1600 cm^-1-1700 cm^-1) decrease of the ratio between α-helix and β-sheet around 0.05 was noticed in serum collected from patients after vaccination in comparison with patients before vaccination. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis of FTIR data it was observed that serum collected from all three analyzed groups of samples was possible to differentiate. The highest accuracy in differentiation group of samples before and 7 days after vaccination was visible in amide I, while before and 30 days after vaccination using amide II. Correlation between immunoglobulin IgG and IgG2 concentrations obtained by biochemical assays and FTIR were noticed only in the group of serum collected 30 days after vaccination, which suggested that FTIR spectroscopy reflects biochemical data.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) is an immunogenic protective protein antigen.","authors":"Dina A Moustafa, Emma Lou, Morgan E Schafer-Kestenman, Margalida Mateu-Borrás, Antonio Doménech-Sanchez, Sebastián Albertí, Joanna B Goldberg","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that infects immunocompromised individuals, especially in the hospital setting. This bacterium is an important pathogen in people with weakened immune systems, injuries, and other underlying physiologic dysfunctions. P. aeruginosa is responsible for up to 20 % of all hospital-acquired pneumonias. It is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections and has been noted to be one of the most common bacteria co-infecting patients with COVID-19 or causing super-infections following COVID-19 infections. Despite improvements in antimicrobial therapy and hospital care, P. aeruginosa bacteremia and pneumonia remain fatal in about 30 % of cases. P. aeruginosa is also the leading cause of chronic life-threatening lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. This bacterium is naturally antibiotic resistant, and infections are notoriously difficult to treat once established, with no vaccine available. We have previously shown that elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu), a protein best known for its role in protein synthesis, is surface exposed on P. aeruginosa. As this protein is highly expressed, evolutionally conserved, and essential, we hypothesized it would make a good vaccine target. In this study, we found that P. aeruginosa EF-Tu is immunogenic in people, and that mice can develop an immune response following immunization with recombinant P. aeruginosa EF-Tu. Furthermore, immunized mice were protected from subsequent P. aeruginosa pneumonia and transfer of this vaccine antisera to naïve mice resulted in decreased colonization. Altogether these findings support the consideration of EF-Tu as a new vaccine candidate against P. aeruginosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"But then that's another barrier\": A qualitative study of parent and provider perspectives on rural versus urban disparities in adolescent vaccination.","authors":"Sarah E Brewer, Jessica R Cataldi, Cathryn Perreira, Andrea Nederveld, Michael P Fisher, Anna Furniss, Charnetta Williams, Sean T O'Leary, Amanda F Dempsey","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vaccination rates are significantly lower among adolescents living in rural areas compared to those living in urban areas. The objective of this study was to understand the factors contributing to disparities in vaccination between adolescents in rural compared to urban areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with parents and providers in 16 rural and 4 urban counties of Colorado. Interview questions followed the socioecological model of health and addressed personal, interpersonal, community, and environment/structural barriers and facilitators that impact adolescent vaccination rates. Qualitative content analysis with a directed content analysis approach was used. Urban and rural interviews were compared to identify barriers unique to rural communities.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Reported barriers included lack of vaccine access at primary care, lack of routine preventive care utilization, the need to take off time from work and school, and misinformation about vaccines. Barriers that were unique to rural communities included structural barriers such as lack of evening and weekend appointments, providers not stocking vaccines, short provider tenures, and costs; logistical barriers such as the need for multiple visits to multiple locations and distance and travel time; and beliefs and behaviors such as an overreliance on sports physicals (in lieu of preventive visits) and natural lifestyle cultures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are unique challenges to adolescent vaccination in rural areas that contribute to fewer adolescents receiving their recommended vaccines. Addressing structural barriers may address this disparity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines among persons 15- years and above in Ghana: A cohort event monitoring study.","authors":"Delese Mimi Darko, Seth Kwaku Seaneke, Eric Karikari-Boateng, Edwin Nkansah, Kwame Amponsa-Achiano, Naziru Tanko Mohamed, Harriet Affran Bonful, Richard Osei Buabeng, Adela Ashie, Abena Asamoa-Amoakohene, Jeremiah Ewudzie-Sampson, Alexander Mwinteru Derizie, Adjabui D Neimatu, Agongo A Wilfred, Comfort Ogar, Aida Hagos, George Tsey Sabblah","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126460","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The development of COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic occurred with an unprecedented speed, requiring extraordinary post-approval safety monitoring to facilitate ongoing evaluation of their benefit-risk profile. In Ghana, the Food and Drugs Authority granted emergency use authorization to six of these vaccines including the two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, namely, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) and adverse events of special interest (AESIs) in persons vaccinated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, and to identify factors associated with the development of AEFIs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a prospective cohort event monitoring study in seven selected static vaccination center in six of Ghana's 16 regions. The choice of regions was based on their geographical locations and the incidence rate of COVID-19 at the time of the study. The study was conducted with people aged 15 years and older who were vaccinated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, including pregnant women. Study participants were recruited starting in November 2021, with the last participant followed up in August 2022. Persons vaccinated were followed up on days 1, 7, and 28 post-dose 1 and up to 91 days after dose 2. AEFIs were described with the most specific, or lowest-level, term using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 26.1. Frequencies of AEFIs after each vaccine dose and vaccination center were determined. Cox-proportional hazard regression was used to assess the independent risk factors associated with the incidence of AEFI among the participants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall, 4678 persons who received Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines from the seven vaccination centers were enrolled in the study. The mean age of participants was 32.9 years (SD ± 14.4). A total of 17.4 % (95 % CI: 16.3 % to 18.5 %) of participants experienced AEFI, with a higher incidence among Moderna COVID-19 vaccine recipients (20.4 %) compared to Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine recipients (14.0 %). The top five common AEFIs included injection site pain, headache, dizziness, fatigue, and fever. No serious AEFIs were reported during the study. Factors such as vaccination center and history of chronic medical conditions influenced the risk of experiencing an AEFI. Cox-proportional hazard regression revealed a 37 % lower risk of AEFI with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine compared to the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study on mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana showed that the vaccines are tolerated well with no significant safety concerns. Reports of systemic and local events were consistent with those reported in the summary of product characteristics of the two vaccines. The study's outcome showed that there were no safety issues with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana. ","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recombinant feline herpesvirus 1 expressing feline Calicivirus VP1 protein is safe and effective in cats.","authors":"Aoxing Tang, Meng Zhu, Jie Zhu, Da Zhang, Shiqiang Zhu, Chunchun Meng, Chuanfeng Li, Guangqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) are significant pathogens causing upper respiratory tract disease in cats. Existing inactivated or modified live vaccines against FCV and FHV face limitations in safety and efficacy. To overcome these challenges, a recombinant strain FHV ΔgI/gE-FCV VP1 was developed by deleting the gI/gE gene and concurrently expressing FCV VP1, using the FHV WX19 strain as the parental virus. Results indicated the presence of FCV VP1 in FHV ΔgI/gE-FCV VP1-infected CRFK cells, confirmed through protein blotting and immunofluorescence assays and virus-like particles (VLPs) of FCV were observed using transmission electron microscopy. For efficacy in cats, each animal received intranasal vaccination with 1 mL of FHV ΔgI/gE-FCV VP1 at 10⁶ TCID₅₀. Following completion of vaccination on day 28, animals were exposed to a potent FCV strain. Assessments included clinical signs, nasal shedding, virus neutralizing antibodies, cytokine expression and postmortem histological testing. All vaccinations with FHV ΔgI/gE-FCV VP1 were deemed safe, with significantly reduced clinical disease scores, pathological changes and viral nasal shedding following infection and robust immune responses were induced. These findings collectively suggest the effectiveness of FHV-based recombinant vaccines in preventing FCV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike-based virus-like particles incorporate influenza H1/N1 antigens and induce dual immunity in mice.","authors":"Zalma V Sanchez-Martinez, Sergio P Alpuche-Lazcano, Matthew Stuible, Bassel Akache, Tyler M Renner, Lise Deschatelets, Renu Dudani, Blair A Harrison, Michael J McCluskie, Sabahudin Hrapovic, Julie Blouin, Xinyu Wang, Matthew Schuller, Kai Cui, Jae-Young Cho, Yves Durocher","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A vaccine effective against both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (IAV) viruses could represent a cost-effective strategy to reduce their combined public health burden as well as potential complications arising from co-infection. Based on previous findings that full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) expression can induce high-level, enveloped VLP (eVLP) production in CHO cells, we tested whether IAV H1N1 hemagglutinin (H1) and neuraminidase (N1) could also be displayed on these particles. We found that co-incorporation of the IAV surface antigens in spike VLPs (S-VLPs) was highly efficient: upon transient co-expression of S + H1 or S + H1 + N1 in CHO cells, the resulting VLPs contained similar amounts of the SARS-CoV-2 S and IAV antigens. The self-assembled bivalent (S/H1) and trivalent (S/H1/N1) VLPs released into the culture media were purified by single-step chromatography using a S-VLP affinity resin. Western blot analysis and immuno‑gold labeling transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of purified VLPs confirmed the coexistence of S, H1 and N1 antigens in the same particles. Finally, we demonstrated that two doses of adjuvanted bivalent and trivalent VLPs elicit specific functional antibodies and cellular immunity in a mouse model, suggesting potential for combined SARS-CoV-2/IAV vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality for routine immunisations in needle phobic children with and without developmental disabilities: A pilot study.","authors":"Allya Makhijani, Narelle Jenkins, Jessica Kaufman, Monsurul Hoq, Sabine Priestley, Sonja Elia, Ian McKenzie, Andrew Davidson, Paul Leong, Teresa Lazzaro, Sarah McNab, Margie Danchin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual reality for routine immunisations in needle phobic children with and without developmental disabilities: a pilot study.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Virtual Reality (VR) headsets can improve needle procedure success and experiences for children, but they have not been evaluated to support immunisation in children with anxiety and behavioural challenges. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of VR for immunisation in children with needle phobia, including children with and without developmental disabilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed method pilot study was conducted at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Children with needle phobia aged 4-14 years scheduled for immunisation with distraction and conscious sedation were eligible. VR was offered to children with needle anxiety and/or developmental disabilities before and during immunisation in addition to standard care. Children and caregivers completed electronic surveys pre- and post-immunisation, followed by qualitative interviews post-immunisation. Clinicians completed post-immunisation surveys. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability of VR according to children, caregivers and clinicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between May and December 2022, we screened 54 children and included 30; 15 with and 15 without developmental disability. Preparation to use VR took less than five minutes for most children (24/30; 80 %). Twenty nine (96 %) used VR immediately before immunisation, and 17 (57 %) continued using it during immunisation (7 with developmental disability, 10 without). Twenty seven (90 %) children were immunised successfully, with a small reduction in required sedation. Of those who used VR during immunisation, 16/17 (94 %) reported a more positive overall experience. Of those who only used VR before immunisation, 3/13 (23 %) still reported benefit. VR was therefore described as beneficial for 19/30 (63 %) participants (9 with developmental disability, 10 without). Caregivers reported willingness to use VR in future immunisation encounters for 23/30 (77 %) children (11 with developmental disability, 12 without).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This pilot study suggests VR was feasible and acceptable for many children with needle phobia, both with and without developmental disability. These findings will inform a randomised controlled trial to assess effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}