Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The Frequency of Eating Disorders, Associated Factors, and Quality of Life in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: An Investigation in the Context of Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems.","authors":"Ayşe Köksal, Demet Sağlam Aykut, Ezgi Selçuk Özmen","doi":"10.5080/u27340","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the frequency of eating disorders (ED) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls, and to investigate potential relationships between eating attitudes, quality of life, and personality traits as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/ BAS) Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study in the psychiatry outpatient clinic. We included 76 BD patients and 74 controls who were similar in terms of gender, age, and education level. We utilized Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BASS), Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Eating Attitude Test (EAT), Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and Quality of Life Scale Short Form (SF-36).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of ED was 18.4% in participants with BD and 1.3% in the control group. Compared with the control group; the physical function subscales scores, role difficulty physical subscales scores, social function and role difficulty emotional subscale scores of SF-36 were lower in BD patients; while the BAS, the EAT, the NEQ scales and eating concern, body concern and weight concern subscales and mean scores of the EDE-Q were found to be higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The frequency of ED is increased in BD patients. Our study is one of very few in the literature to examine the comorbidity of BD and ED, and the factor associated with the presence of ED. The data obtained will hopefullly contribute to better diagnosis and treatment Keywords: Bipolar disorder, behavioral activation systems, behavioral ınhibition system, eating attitude test, eating disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"364-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Neurocognitive Functions in Moderate and Severe Depression: A Follow-up Study.","authors":"Gökçe Kavak Sinanoğlu, Özkan Güler, Zeynep Çaliş","doi":"10.5080/u27539","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on depressive symptoms and neurocognitive functions during treatment and follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 65 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, with a &gt;16 scores in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) and a &gt;18 scores in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), participated in the study. The Ham-D, BDI, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Trail Making Tests A and B, Stroop Colour and Word Test, Number Sequence Test, &Ouml;ktem Verbal Memory Processes Test, and Verbal Fluency Test were administered at baseline, 1st-, and 3rd-month for both treatment and control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 65 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 25 in the TMS group and 26 in the non-TMS group completed the followup. At the first month, 73.5% of patients in the TMS group showed a full treatment response, compared to 29.03% in the non-TMS group (p=0.001). At the third month, the treatment response rate decreased to 40% in the TMS group, whereas it was 42.3% in the non-TMS group, and the significant difference between the groups disappeared (p=0.918). In terms of cognitive functions, no significant changes were observed in either group at the first- and third-month follow-ups compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TMS had a strong acute antidepressant effect; however, this effect diminished over time during the follow-up period. Although partial improvement was observed in cognitive functions, this improvement did not reach statistical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12434896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes Towards Homosexuality and Associated Factors Among Medical Students.","authors":"Berke Betin, Şükrü Alperen Korkmaz, Demet Güleç Öyekçin","doi":"10.5080/u27527","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the psychosocial factors that may influence attitudes toward sexual orientation among medical students and to explore the relationship between attitudes regarding gender roles, sexual myths, and homophobia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 457 medical students from &Ccedil;anakkale Onsekiz Mart University in Turkiye were included in the study during the 2022- 2023 academic year. Participants received the Sociodemographic Data Form, Hudson &amp; Ricketts Homophobia Scale, Sexual Myths Scale, and Gender Role Attitudes Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Homophobia scores were found to be lower among fifth- and sixth-grade medical students compared to first-year students. Lower rates of homophobia were observed in students receiving psychiatric treatment and those who identify as secular. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between sexual myths and homophobia, and a negative correlation between gender role attitudes and homophobia. Predictors of homophobia include right-wing political orientation, conservatism, a high belief in sexual myths, and non-egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles. Finally, a mediation analysis demonstrated that attitudes toward gender roles serve as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between sexual myths and homophobia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of our study highlight the significance of psychosocial and cultural factors in shaping attitudes toward sexual orientation and the need for accurate and comprehensive sexuality education in the medical curriculum. It is expected that thorough and equitable education will mitigate the stress associated with homophobia.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Physical and Mental Quality of Life in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders.","authors":"Irmak Polat, Ezgi Ince Guliyev","doi":"10.5080/u27790","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), childhood trauma (CT), sociodemographic factors, and clinical characteristics in patients with severe mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 158 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders or bipolar disorder were evaluated. Data were collected using the Short Form-12 (SF-12), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale, and sociodemographic information form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CT was reported in 62.7% of participants. SF-12 physical component scores were lower in women (p=0.012), married individuals (p=0.002), and patients with comorbidities (p=0.005). SF-12 mental component scores were lower in patients who smoked (p=0.013) and used substances (p=0.030), treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (p=0.008), and had a history of suicide attempts (p=0.014). Physical HRQoL scores were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.222, p=0.006), body mass index (r=-0.277, p=0.002) and illness duration (r=-0.215, p=0.010); mental HRQoL scores were negatively correlated with antipsychotic dose (r=-0.166, p=0.041) and CGI-S scores (r=-0.376, p &lt;0.001). Emotional neglect (&beta;=0.220, p=0.018) and physical abuse (&beta;=0.252, p=0.006) were associated with lower physical HRQoL scores; emotional neglect (&beta;=0.212, p=0.019) and sexual abuse (&beta;=0.299, p&lt;0.001) were associated with lower mental HRQoL scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT was found to be a key factor contributing to lower HRQoL in individuals with severe mental disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of screening for CT and trauma-focused care approaches in mental healthcare services.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Circular RNA Expression Levels in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: Associations with Clinical Characteristics and Behavioral Phenotypes.","authors":"Şerife Odabaş Ünal, Memduha Aydin, Ebru Marzioğlu Özdemir, Hatice Yağmur Zengin","doi":"10.5080/u27732","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Circular RNA (circRNA) molecules may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders by regulating synaptic gene expression. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the peripheral expression levels of three circRNA molecules (chr3_196488683, chr5_69175537, and hsa_circ_0084021) and clinical characteristics, specifically behavioral phenotypes related to self-harm and harm to others, in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 104 patients aged 18&ndash;65 diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood, and circRNA molecules were identified using RNA sequencing techniques. Clinical status was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, and Suicide Probability Scale. The relationship between concurrent circRNA levels and clinical features was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant positive correlation was observed among the circRNAs (p&lt;0.001). Apart from a weak positive correlation between chr3_196488683 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory score (r=0.213, p=0.03), no significant relationship was found between clinical scales and circRNAs. No significant difference was detected between groups regarding suicidal behavior. However, mean levels of all circRNAs were found to be statistically significantly higher in the group with self-injurious behavior (chr3_196488683, p=0.036; chr5_69175537, p=0.001; hsa_circ_0084021, p=0.045). Similarly, levels of chr3_196488683 and chr5_69175537 were significantly higher in the group with homicidal behavior (p&lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that peripheral circRNA levels may be associated with anxiety and behavioral risk profiles involving harm to self or others, indicating their potential value as biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between the use of Mobile Applications and Social Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia.","authors":"Emine Ilgın Hoşgelen, Berna Binnur Akdede, Köksal Alptekin","doi":"10.5080/u27385","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of digital technology tool use in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Turkey, as well as evaluating the association between the use and psychosocial functionality and clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were collected from 100 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder based on the DSM-5 criteria. The use of technology was evaluated with a questionnaire developed for this study. The level of psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and the positive and negative symptom severity was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The digital technology users were significantly younger than the non-users. The majority of patients own a mobile phone (86%) and a computer (67%). Furthermore, 61% of patients used mobile applications, with Facebook and WhatsApp being the most popular social media platforms (48%). Patients who used digital technology tools had higher PSP scores. Furthermore, patients who used digital technology tools had significantly lower scores in PANSS negative subscale. There was no difference in PANSS positive subscale scores between digital technology tool users and non-users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia may benefit from mobile applications and social media tools that can help them participate in daily activities and improve their overall well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of the Affective Lability Scale-18 (ALS-18) Turkish Form in the Non-Clinical Group.","authors":"Veysel Doğan, Ömer Şenormanci","doi":"10.5080/u27329","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Affective lability, which is an important aspect of mood dysregulation, is seen in many psychiatric conditions. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Affective Lability Scale-18 in the Turkish sample of the non-clinical group.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 615 individuals (312 females and 303 males) who did not have a past or current psychiatric disorder were included in the study. The participants were administered sociodemographic data form, Affective Lability Scale-18, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. The participants were divided into 4 groups; a pilot group, EFA (exploratory factor analysis) group, CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) group and test-retest group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The factor analysis conducted for the construct validity of the scale, revealed similar results to that of the original scale. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.92 for the EFA group and 0.92 for the CFA group. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.82. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) were used tp measure validity. The correlation between the total scores of participants on the ALS-18 and their scores on the DERS and BDI was determined to be positive and moderate (r=0.38, r=41).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Affective Lability Scale-18 in the Turkish sample, three sub-dimensions, anxiety/depression, depression/elevation, anger and the general factor all have sufficient internal consistency and it has been demonstrated that the scale can be applied in our country to evaluate the situations in which affect variability is evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"And What About Secondary Catatonia?","authors":"João Gama Marques","doi":"10.5080/u27453","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I have read an interesting article recently published in your journal regarding the Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating scale (BFCRS) and the Katatonia, Autism, Neuropsychiatric and Neuromovement Examination Rating (KANNER) Scale (Erdoğan et al. 2023). The article delighted me as catatonia is, in my opinion, the most fascinating syndrome of neuropsychiatry, if not of entire medicine. Catatonia needs further and deeper studies. I feel these scales and others such as Northoff Catatonia Scale (NCS) need to be adapted all around the world. Only then clinicians and researchers will be able to collaborate closer in better and stronger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Psychoeducation on Insight and Treatment Adherence Among Patients with Psychotic Disorders in a High- Security Forensic Psychiatry Center.","authors":"Sinem Duran, Ali Haydar Küçüktüfekçi, Serkan Yazici, Mine Elif Türe Sözer, Süheyla Ünal","doi":"10.5080/u27882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u27882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the short-term effects of the Healthy Living Guide psychoeducation program on insight development and treatment adherence among 54 male patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders who were receiving treatment in a High-Security Forensic Psychiatry (HSFP) center.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>All participants took part in a psychoeducation program during their hospitalization. Assessments were conducted both before and after the program using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight (SAI), the Global Assessment Scale (GAS), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), together with a Sociodemographic Data Form and the Violence Profile for Current Offense scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the psychoeducation program, reductions were observed in both positive and negative symptoms, along with improvements in functionality, insight, and treatment adherence. The program was particularly more effective in patients with lower baseline insight. However, for patients who had been admitted during an acute psychotic episode, the impact of the intervention remained limited even after clinical remission. Additionally, after the program, insight was negatively correlated with both positive and negative symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that the Healthy Living Guide psychoeducation program, when implemented in forensic psychiatric populations, may serve as a complementary approach to treatment by contributing to symptom reduction, enhanced functionality, improved insight, and better treatment adherence in patients with psychotic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functions on Caregiver Burden in Patients with Schizophrenia.","authors":"Aykut Karahan, Ezgi Selçuk Özmen, Filiz Civil Arslan","doi":"10.5080/u27337","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The caregiver burden in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia increases mental health problems in patients, complicates coping with the illness for families, and adversely affects the course of the illness. This study aims to investigate the effects of patients' psychopathology severity and cognitive functions on caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-four patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 and their primary caregivers were included in this cross- sectional descriptive study. The severity of the caregiver burden in the relatives of the patients was evaluated using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS). Symptom severity of the patients was evaluated with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were applied to assess the cognitive functions of the patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ZCBS score was 47.7±26.9 in the primary caregivers of the patients. There was a significant negative correlation between ZCBS and patients' education level, time since recent hospitalization, and RAVLT scores, and a significant positive correlation between TMT, Stroop Test, and SANS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To reduce the caregiver burden, psychosocial interventions for cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms involving patients and their families should be considered a priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"36 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}