Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Trichotillomania.","authors":"Serkan Yazici, Ezgi Sıla Ahi Üstün, Rıfat Serav Ilhan, Meram Can Saka","doi":"10.5080/u27726","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Immunological factors may play a role in the etiology of trichotillomania (TTM). Peripheral inflammatory markers such as Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) have not yet been investigated in TTM. This study aimed to compare TTM with healthy control (HC) in terms of various inflammatory markers such as NLR, PLR, MLR, MHR, SII.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The electronic records were examined of patients who were diagnosed with TTM who attended to the outpatient psychiatry clinic between January 2022 and December 2023. 46 TTM and 44 HC were included in the study. Blood samples for 90 participants were examined from electronic records, and NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII values were calculated. Participants with TTM were scored according to disease severity using the Clinical Global Impression&ndash;Severity (CGI-S) scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NLR, PLR, MLR, MHR, and SII were significantly higher in TTM. No significant correlation was found between CGI-S scores and NLR, PLR, MLR, MHR, and SII values in TTM. According to binary logistic regression analysis, a significant relationship was found between NLR and TTM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TTM group have elevated peripheral inflammatory markers compared with HC group. Findings of the study support the potential inflammatory process in TTM.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"37 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Misophonia and Autistic Traits in Parents of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Fatma Subaşi Turgut, Masum Öztürk, Zehra Akan, Engin Deniz Yilmaz","doi":"10.5080/u27720","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to compare misophonia levels and autistic traits between parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and parents of typically developing children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parents of children diagnosed with ASD who presented to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic (n=56) and parents of typically developing children (n=56) were included in the study. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was administered to the children with ASD. All participating parents completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale&ndash; Revised (AMISOS-R).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of reporting throat sounds as a misophonic trigger was higher among parents of children with ASD (p=0.004). Weak but significant positive correlations were found across all participants between the AMISOS-R total score and the AQ total score, the attention switching subscale score, and the communication subscale score (r=0.275, p=0.003; r=0.266, p=0.005; r=0.35, p&lt;0.001, respectively). Among parents of children with ASD, the AMISOS-R total score was positively correlated with items 3, 5, and 9 of the CARS (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings support potential associations between misophonia and ASD, and suggest that misophonia in parents may be related to certain characteristics in the child, such as sensory processing and emotional regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"37 ","pages":"20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Comorbid Schizophrenia in an Adolescent with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report.","authors":"Ayşe Eylül Özel Gümüş, Merve Onat","doi":"10.5080/u27751","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility, growth retardation, hearing loss, and short stature. Literature on the comorbidity of OI and psychotic disorders is limited. Antipsychotic side effects such as hyperprolactinemia, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension may increase fracture risk, presenting challenges in comorbid cases. Here, we describe a 14-year-old male with OI and schizophrenia. The patient presented with a three-month history of irritability, self-harm, auditory hallucinations, and referential delusions. His history included multiple fractures, leading to OI diagnosis at age 8. He was admitted with acute psychotic disorder and treated with aripiprazole 20 mg/day, resulting in significant symptom improvement. No new bone fractures were observed during one year of follow-up. This case highlights the management of comorbid OI and schizophrenia. Fracture risk is a critical concern in OI patients. Clinicians should carefully select antipsychotics in the presence of psychosis and closely monitor patients to minimize adverse effects. Keywords: Adolescent, antipsychotics, osteogenesis imperfecta, schizophrenia, side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"37 ","pages":"54-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Psychiatric Perspective on Bariatric Surgery and Obesity: What Do Psychiatrists Think and Do? A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.","authors":"Yasemin Koçyiğit, Duygu Çap, Şule Biçakci Ay","doi":"10.5080/u27725","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels, attitudes, and referral practices of psychiatrists regarding obesity and bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to 169 psychiatrists and 75 psychiatry residents across Turkiye. The questionnaire included sections on demographic characteristics, clinical approaches to obesity, sources of information about bariatric surgery, referral tendencies, psychiatric contraindications, and knowledge regarding the postoperative period. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire created by the researchers and administered online via Google Forms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were able to define obesity (82.8%) correctly, but a large proportion reported that they do not routinely record patients&rsquo; height and weight in clinical practice (71.3%). It was reported by 78.7% of the participants that they had conducted at least one psychiatric evaluation prior to bariatric surgery, and 69.7% stated that they would refer patients for surgery when appropriate indications were present. Psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, and eating disorders were most frequently considered as contraindications, while anxiety and personality disorders were generally not regarded as contraindications. The level of knowledge regarding the conditions that need to be considered after surgery varied, with predominant lack of knowledge regarding nutritional management. Approximately one-third of the participants reported that they do not have sufficient knowledge about obesity treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the general attitudes towards bariatric surgery are positive, there were differences in levels of knowledge and some barriers affecting referral to surgery were evident. These findings highlight the need to develop educational programs aimed at enhancing psychiatrists&rsquo; knowledge and skills related to bariatric surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"37 ","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Visual Integration, Social Cognition, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia: An Eye-Tracking Study.","authors":"Emine Nur Corum, Muammer Corum, Cumhur Tas","doi":"10.5080/u27715","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the associations between eye movement patterns, visual contour integration, social cognitive abilities, and symptom severity in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 40 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. Eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracking system during a free-viewing paradigm. Visual integration was evaluated with the Jittered Orientation Visual Integration (JOVI) task, while social cognition was assessed using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Hinting Task. Symptom severity was measured with the PANSS. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and repeated measures analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive symptom severity was positively correlated with increased fixation counts and faster path velocity in social contexts. Conversely, social cognition was negatively correlated with fixation duration and saccadic velocity during face exploration. Participants exhibited significantly lower fixation counts when viewing socially relevant images. Additionally, shorter saccade length and slower path velocity were observed during face viewing. However, no significant relationship was found between eye movements and contour integration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia may be significantly associated with social cognition and symptom severity. Although causal inferences cannot be drawn due to the cross-sectional design, the findings help clarify inconsistencies in the literature and partially address gaps regarding eye movement research. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights for the development of eye movement&ndash;based assessment and intervention approaches in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"37 ","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapy Experiences within Multidisciplinary Care for Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Talat Demirsöz","doi":"10.5080/u27815","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD) is a complex neuropsychiatric condition associated with significant disability and shaped by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social processes. Although clinical recognition of FNSD has increased, patients&rsquo; subjective experiences of psychotherapy within multidisciplinary treatment remain insufficiently examined. This study aimed to qualitatively explore psychotherapy experiences of individuals diagnosed with FNSD who received short-term cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as part of a multidisciplinary treatment program.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 12 patients diagnosed with functional movement disorders who had completed a multidisciplinary inpatient treatment program. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurrent patterns across the narratives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients described therapeutic change across four domains: reduced symptom burden, improved emotional regulation, shifts in illness-related perspectives, and increased behavioral engagement in daily functioning. Change was primarily attributed to three domains: (i) the therapeutic relationship and the psychologically safe treatment environment, (ii) individual readiness and active participation in therapy, and (iii) structured cognitive, behavioral, and experiential techniques. Nevertheless, variability in outcomes was evident, as some patients reported persistent symptoms and ongoing emotional challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychotherapy experiences in FNSD are not limited to symptom reduction. Alongside improvement, multidimensional experiences such as increased self-awareness, changes in how they understand and interpret their experiences, and re-engagement in daily life were also reported. These findings provide clinically meaningful insights into how therapeutic change is experienced within psychotherapy for FNSD and the factors to which this change is attributed by patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"37 ","pages":"38-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turkish Adaptation of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire: A Psychometric Evaluation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples.","authors":"Yağmur Sever Fidan, Arda Kizilsert, Nazmiye İlayda Dişpinar Usta, Nisa Parlayici Koçak, Sümeyye Yasemin Çalli, Cansu Özçeri, Selin Uslu Alihanoğlu, Enes Okan, Mihriban Albayrak, Ömer Aydemir","doi":"10.5080/u27873","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ-TR) in clinical and non-clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 63 clinical participants (Obsessive&ndash;Compulsive Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder) and 148 non-clinical participants. The scale adaptation was conducted using a translation&ndash;back translation procedure. Confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency analyses were performed. Convergent and concurrent validity were examined through correlations with the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales&ndash;21 (DASS&ndash;21), and the Yale&ndash;Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The internal consistency of the original 12-item CPQ-TR was found to be at a borderline level (Cronbach&rsquo;s &alpha;=0.677); following the removal of Items 2 and 8, the Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha coefficient of the resulting 10-item form increased to 0.76. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated limited support for a unidimensional factor structure. The CPQ-TR showed strong correlations with the FMPS (r=0.593) and moderate correlations with the Y-BOCS and DASS-21 (r=0.30&ndash;0.35). Participants with Obsessive&ndash;Compulsive Disorder had significantly higher CPQ scores compared to those with Major Depressive Disorder (p=0.018) and healthy controls (p &lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that the 12-item CPQ-TR demonstrates borderline internal consistency but remains a valid instrument for assessing clinical perfectionism. The 10-item version appears to be a more psychometrically robust option for use in both research and clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"37 ","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis in Huntington's Disease: Case Report.","authors":"Nur Özgedik Turhan","doi":"10.5080/u27742","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huntington&rsquo;s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Its clinical presentation is primarily characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Common psychiatric manifestations of HD include mood and anxiety disorders as well as behavioral and personality changes. Psychosis is relatively rare. Clozapine may be used for HD with psychosis because of its low extrapyramidal side effect profile. However, clozapine administration has been associated with rare but potentially fatal adverse effects, such as agranulocytosis and myocarditis. Clozapine-induced myocarditis is a severe complication that typically emerges within the first weeks of treatment and can lead to cardiovascular collapse if not recognized early. Although cardiac autonomic dysregulation and basal cardiac stress induced by mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein accumulation are recognized in patients with Huntington&rsquo;s disease (HD), data regarding clozapine toxicity within this specific context remain limited. This case report presents a 51-year-old male patient who developed acute myocarditis during clozapine treatment initiated for psychotic symptoms arising in the context of HD. Following the discontinuation of clozapine, the patient was referred for cardiological monitoring. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the diagnostic process of myocarditis&mdash;a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of clozapine&mdash;and potential contributing factors. This case highlights the vital importance of early cardiac monitoring during clozapine use, particularly in psychiatric conditions accompanied by neurodegenerative processes. Keywords: Case report, chorea, clozapine, Huntington&rsquo;s disease, myocarditis, psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":"37 ","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychiatric Service Use Among Psychiatric Outpatients.","authors":"Cengiz Kılıç, Özge Türkoğlu, Kezban Burcu Avanoğlu, Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu, Berna Uluğ","doi":"10.5080/u27455","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Both general medical and mental health services were disrupted during the pandemic. It is unclear how these disruptions played out for people with various mental health diagnoses. We compared change in mental health status and use of mental health services between four psychiatric groups: schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, and anxiety/obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a semi-structured interview, 492 outpatients with psychiatric disorders who had used psychiatric services at a university hospital before the pandemic were assessed on the phone during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About half of the sample reported a need for contact with mental health services during the pandemic, half of whom actually used services. Need for contact was much lower in the schizophrenia group than other diagnostic groups, whereas actual use of services was lower in the unipolar depression and anxiety/OCD groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, may not be in a more disadvantageous position in terms of psychiatric service use during the pandemic. The pandemic response structure of mental health services should be modified to fit the needs of anxiety/depression spectrum patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Changes in ICD-11 Related to Sexual Health and Dysfunction and Their Implication for Clinical Practice.","authors":"Koray Başar","doi":"10.5080/u27559","DOIUrl":"10.5080/u27559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The classification of sexual health-related conditions was reformulated in 11th revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) following current evidence, best practice, and taking human rights into consideration, which is expected to reflect and provide guidance for more integrative clinical approaches. Overcoming the artificial, yet historical, distinction between \"organic\" and \"non-organic\" conditions, sexual dysfunctions classified in the \"Mental and Behavioral Disorders\" and \"Disorders of Genitourinary System\" in ICD-10 were listed in a new chapter called \"Conditions Related to Sexual Health.\" In practice, this approach has been consistently recommended. However, diagnostical clasification was not congruent with the recommendation. Dysfunctions, defined with a non-normative but individual-based threshold, are categorized according to different stages of the sexual response cycle, similar to ICD-10 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th version (DSM-5). However, similarities and distinctions in the clinical presentation of the dysfunction in men and women were also considered, resulting in differences from the DSM-5 approach. Gender Incongruence is classified in this newly formed \"Conditions Related to Sexual Health\" chapter, not with mental disorders as in the earlier version, reflecting the current non-pathologizing understanding of gender diversity. Furthermore, the criteria for these conditions were revised to embrace the variability in the experience of gender identity. In addition, the residuals of sexual orientation-related diagnostic categories were removed. Paraphilic disorders categories replaced \"Disorders of sexual preference\" in ICD-10, with significant modifications in conceptualization and classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}