The International journal of prosthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Does Mirrored Versus Non-Mirrored Presentation of Mock-Up Influence the Perception of it: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Alexis Ioannidis, Aspasia Pachiou, Tim Joda, Ronald E Jung, Miha Pirc","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.9806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate whether mirrored versus non-mirrored presentation of an AI-generated, scan-free virtual mock-up influences esthetic self-perception, and to compare perception patterns between laypeople and dental professionals using the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES). The null hypothesis was that mirrored and non-mirrored presentations would result in no differences in esthetic perception.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty participants (25 laypeople, 25 dental professionals) viewed a standardized video of themselves integrated with a scan-free AI-generated virtual mock-up of the anterior dentition. Participants were randomized to first view either a mirrored or non-mirrored version, followed by the opposite format after a minimum 14-day interval. At each assessment, participants completed the eight-item OES. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for within-subject comparisons (mirrored vs non-mirrored), and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were applied for subgroup comparisons (laypeople vs professionals). All p-values were adjusted using the Holm method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all eight OES items, no statistically significant differences were found between mirrored and non-mirrored mock-up presentations (p > 0.05). Laypeople consistently provided higher esthetic ratings than dental professionals. For the non-mirrored condition, significant between-group differences were observed for tooth form (p = 0.036), tooth alignment/position (p = 0.039), and overall orofacial esthetics (p = 0.039). For the mirrored condition, only tooth form demonstrated a significant difference after adjustment (p = 0.00085). Within each subgroup, mirrored versus non-mirrored comparisons revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mirrored and non-mirrored presentations of scan-free AI-generated virtual mock-ups showed comparable esthetic self-evaluations. Although laypeople rated esthetics more favorably than dental professionals, these differences were independent of the orientation of the visualization.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was not registered as a clinical trial, as it did not involve any therapeutic intervention and was limited to the assessment of esthetic perception using a patient-reported outcome measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal Gap and Fracture Resistance of Metal-Ceramic and Zirconia Crowns Fabricated by Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Techniques.","authors":"Irem Celikyurek Karabagli, Zeynep Ozkurt-Kayahan","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.9762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of zirconia crowns fabricated by two additive manufacturing techniques with conventionally milled zirconia and porcelain fused to metal crowns (PFM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A standardized maxillary central incisor abutment was digitally designed and used to fabricate forty crowns divided into four groups: milled monolithic zirconia (Zolid Gen-X, Amanngirrbach; Group Z), additively manufactured zirconia (LithaCon 3Y 210, Lithoz; Group PL) and 3D Mix ZrO₂,3D Ceram; Group PS) and metal-ceramic (Group M) (n = 10). Marginal adaptation was evaluated using a non-invasive dual-scan technique and 3D superimposition in Geomagic Control X at sixty evenly distributed marginal points. Fracture testing was performed on cemented crowns at a 30° loading angle in a universal testing machine, and the maximum load to failure (N) was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test for intergroup comparisons (p = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Marginal gap values differed significantly among groups (p<0.05). Group Z showed the largest mean marginal discrepancy (75.41 ± 4.29 µm), which was significantly higher than Group PL (61.68 ± 4.98 µm), PS (61.93 ± 5.24 µm), and M (55.31 ± 4.98 µm). Fracture resistance also differed significantly (p<0.05): group PL exhibited the highest mean value (3404.72 ± 391.28 N) followed by Group Z (2690.65 ± 447.07 N), PS (2122.23 ± 727.32 N) and M (1642.51 ± 428.73 N).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Group PL achieved superior fracture resistance and marginal adaptation comparable to group PS and M and better than group Z. These findings suggest that advancements in additive manufacturing technology can achieve, or even exceed, the dimensional accuracy and mechanical reliability obtained through conventional milling.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tea and Cola Stainability of Full Veneer Crowns Constructed from Repressed Conventional and Novel Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Ingots: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Sherif Elsayed Sultan, Merin Mathew, Kiran Kumar Ganji, Amal Al Enazi, Abeer Atef Younes, Radwa Ashraf Eldessouky, Sherif Magdy Elsharkawy, Mohammed Magdy Kamel, Doaa Abdelaziz Helal","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9249","DOIUrl":"10.11607/ijp.9249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the change in color of ceramic crowns constructed from three different repressed ceramic ingots: lithium disilicate (LS), lithium silicate material reinforced with zirconia (ZLS), and repressed lithium silicate crowns with high-density micronization technology (LS-HDM). Each material underwent immersion in tea and cola solutions followed by brushing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three distinct heat-processed LS ceramic ingots representing three groups (N = 24)-e.max (EM), LiSi (Li), and Celtra (CA)-were used to manufacture 72 identical ceramic crowns. Three subgroups (n = 8) representing the experimental (tea and cola) and control (artificial saliva) groups were created from each group. Color changes were measured at the beginning, following tea and cola staining, and after brushing using the CIE L*a*b* system. The color changes (ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) were evaluated using one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis was done to determine any significant differences between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed significant differences in color attributes (L, a, and b values) among crown materials, with variations observed following immersion in saliva and staining solutions. While all materials exhibited a decrease in L values post immersion, only CA showed significant changes in a and b values, indicating shifts in red and yellow components. Additionally, the overall color change (ΔE) remained below acceptability thresholds post-brushing, suggesting minimal perceptible differences. These findings underscore the materialspecific responses to staining agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immersion of ceramic crowns made from LS, LS-HDM, and ZLS in tea and cola solutions resulted in noticeable color changes. However, regular tooth brushing effectively restored the satisfactory color appearance of stained ceramic crowns fabricated from repeatedly processed LSbased ingots.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"288-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Molar Bite Raising on Anterior Overbite.","authors":"Raji Pescia, Veronica Morim Cavalheiro, Gregory S Antonarakis, Stavros Kiliaridis","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9291","DOIUrl":"10.11607/ijp.9291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of first and second molar bite raising on anterior incisal overbite using steel bearing balls of predefined dimensions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 23 young adults (mean age 25 years, range 22 to 34 years) and was composed of two parts-preclinical and clinical. (a) Preclinical: Initial evaluations were conducted on dental casts of the participants mounted on a semiadjustable articulator. Stainless-steel bearing balls (2-mm and 3-mm diameter, respectively) were temporarily positioned in the occlusal central groove of the mandibular first or second molars. Photographs assessed changes in anterior overbite. (b) Clinical: Subsequent evaluations used intraoral scans on the same participants, excluding those with molar restorations, before and after applying 2-mm-diameter stainless-steel bearing balls on the mandibular first molars. Overbite measurements were performed digitally. Reliability was defined through repeated measurements using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preclinical measurements showed a decrease in overbite of 2.8 ± 0.5 mm with 2-mm-diameter bearing balls on the mandibular first molars and 3.6 ± 0.5 mm on the mandibular second molars. For 3-mm-diameter bearing balls, the decrease was 3.7 ± 0.5 mm on the first molars and 4.5 ± 0.5 mm on the second molars. ICC showed excellent reliability. Clinical intraoral scans revealed a mean overbite decrease of 2.7 ± 0.4 mm with 2-mm-diameter bearing balls on the mandibular first molars. No significant difference was found between clinical and preclinical results for the same participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Larger bite raisers and more posterior placement result in greater overbite reduction. The ratio of bite raising to anterior overbite decrease was 1.6 for 2-mm-diameter and 1.4 for 3-mm-diameter raisers. Considerable interindividual variability was noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving What Can Be Preserved- Rethinking the Current Enthusiasm for Full-Arch Implant Prostheses.","authors":"Irena Sailer","doi":"10.11607/ijp.2026.2e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.2026.2e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"39 2","pages":"167-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147523119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Retention Between Conventional and CAD/CAM Duplication Techniques: A Within-Subject Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Omnia M Refai, Yasmine Said Elsherbeeny, Amany Mostafa Saad Farahat","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9274","DOIUrl":"10.11607/ijp.9274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare retention and occlusal force distribution between a conventional technique and two 3D-printed CAD/CAM duplication techniques for refitted maxillary complete dentures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 20 completely edentulous individuals with preexisting complete dentures participated in this within-subject controlled clinical trial. Dentures were duplicated using three methods: Group I (conventional duplication), Group II (3D printing to create a separate base made of pink polymethyl methacrylate [PMMA] and teeth made of tooth-colored PMMA dentures), and Group III (3D printing of a single-unit denture with a veneered base made of pink photocurable resin). Occlusal force distribution was measured for the reference denture before duplication. Retention and occlusal force distribution were measured at the time of denture delivery. One-way ANOVA was used for group comparisons, and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest mean retention was observed in Group II (36.53 ± 3.75), followed by Group III (35.01 ± 3.41) and Group I (27.95 ± 4.32), with a statistically significant difference between Group I and the other two groups. For occlusal force distribution, the highest mean difference was recorded in Group I (14.35 ± 3.25), followed by Group II (7.60 ± 1.84) and Group III (3.82 ± 0.91), compared to the reference denture with a statistically significant difference (P = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the study's limitations, 3D-printed dentures showed superior retention and more balanced occlusal force distribution compared to conventional dentures. These findings imply that 3D-printing technology may improve prosthodontists, ability to construct duplicate dentures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"183-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Extrinsic Staining on the Physical Properties of Provisional Resins Fabricated by Digital and Conventional Methods-An In Situ Study.","authors":"Pedro Roberto Braz Rodrigues, Ana Lucia Caetano Pereira, Rocio Geng Vivanco, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9263","DOIUrl":"10.11607/ijp.9263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate, in situ, the color stability of a 3D-printed resin (PR), milled resin (MR), and bis-acryl resin (BR) after exposure to coffee and cigarette smoke.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The 12 participants per group (control, coffee consumers, and smokers) used intraoral devices containing the specimen resins. A total of 72 samples of each resin were prepared, and initial surface roughness and color readings were recorded. Participants wore the device, containing two samples of each resin, for 15 days, brushing three times per day. Final color and surface roughness measurements were obtained. Water sorption (SP) and water solubility (SL) analyses were conducted (n = 20). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = .05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BR had the highest alterations in surface roughness under control conditions and after cigarette smoke exposure (P < .05). PR showed the highest surface roughness and MR the lowest alteration after coffee consumption (P < .05). After coffee consumption, BR exhibited higher color change than PR (P < .05), and following cigarette smoke exposure, BR showed the highest alteration (P < .05), while MR had the lowest (P < .05). Cigarette smoke caused the highest color change across all resins. BR exhibited the highest SP and SL (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PR and MR demonstrated better color stability and less alteration in surface roughness change compared to BR.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Dentin Bonding and Interfacial Adhesion on the Flexural Properties of a 4 Mol% Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia.","authors":"Francesco De Angelis, Matteo Buonvivere, Camilla Mancini, Giuseppe Daniele Rondoni, Mirco Vadini, Camillo D'Arcangelo","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9283","DOIUrl":"10.11607/ijp.9283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>4 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (4Y-PSZ) offers improved translucency compared to 3% tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia, but it lacks transformation toughening, which may affect its flexural strength. Because adhesive luting was shown to improve mechanical performance of all-ceramic materials, this research evaluated the influence of different cements on the three-point flexural strength of 4Y-PSZ bonded to bovine dentin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 30 1-mm-thick dentin slices were obtained from bovine incisors, paired with 1-mm-thick 4Y-PSZ slices, and then divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the cement investigated: 10-MDP-free self-adhesive resin cement (SA), 10-MDP-based adhesive resin cement (MDP-A), and conventional glass-ionomer cement (GI). After luting, the obtained assemblies were cut to obtain 1-mm-wide bar-shaped specimens, which were subjected to the three-point bending test. Fracture loads and flexural strength were recorded, and the modes of failure were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest fracture load and flexural strength were observed in the MDP-A group (76.5 N and 401.5 MPa), followed by the SA group (62.3 N and 326.8 MPa). The GI group exhibited the lowest values (45.6 N and 239.5 MPa). MDP-A group samples predominantly exhibited concurrent dentin and zirconia fractures without debonding, while in the SA and GI groups a frequent incidence of debonding at the interface was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adhesive cementation enhances the flexural strength of 4Y-PSZ bonded to bovine dentin, with the 10-MDP-based resin cement yielding the best performance. Effective adhesive techniques could improve the mechanical performance of 4Y-PSZ restorations, making them more reliable for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INfORM/IADR Key Points for Good Clinical TMD Practice-A Critical Comment.","authors":"Jens Christoph Türp, Güzin Neda Hasanoğlu Erbaşar","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9336","DOIUrl":"10.11607/ijp.9336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To critically evaluate the recently published INfORM/IADR consensus paper containing 10 key points for good clinical practice in the management of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After perusing the text of the document, followed by intensive discussion, the 10 key points were carefully analyzed and annotated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two key points could be replaced by other (clinically relevant) statements. In addition to terminologically and semantically imprecise formulations, some verbal descriptions remain superficial and vague. While no distinction was made between acute and chronic TMDs, the INfORM/IADR author group differentiates between first-line and second-line therapeutic modalities without explaining the rationale for such a classification. Furthermore, no medication recommendations were made.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We anticipate that the INfORM/IADR publication will have a beneficial impact on the care of TMD patients. However, in our opinion, a reflection on some of the contents of the 10-point document seems justified to reduce the risk of misinterpretation of some statements, which could lead to inappropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Biologic Sex in Temporomandibular Disorder Subtypes: A Cross-Sectional Study in A Southern Brazilian Population.","authors":"Camila Caspary Roithmann, Caroline Hoffmann Bueno, Patrícia Saram Progiante, Marcos Pascoal Pattussi, Patrícia Krieger Grossi, Márcio Lima Grossi","doi":"10.11607/ijp.9290","DOIUrl":"10.11607/ijp.9290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the prevalence and role of biologic sex as a risk indicator for the development of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) subtypes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This population-based crosssectional study randomly sampled subjects attending the public health system in the city of Maringá, Brazil. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I was used to classify TMD subtypes, and RDC/TMD Axis II was used to assess Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), depression, somatization with or without pain, sociodemographic data, oral and general health, and pain history. Sleep quality was assessed by the Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TMDs in the selected sample (n = 1,643, 65.85% women) were significantly more prevalent in women compared to men: (a) GCPS moderately/ severely limiting (6.3% vs 2.9%), (b) muscle diagnoses (34.0% vs 20.7%), and (c) disc displacements (9.0 vs 5.2). Psychologic-related disorders were also significantly more prevalent in women: (a) depression (53.0% vs 33.5%), (b) somatization without pain (48.5% vs 32.8%), and (c) somatization with pain (55.5% vs 34.4%), but not significant for sleep quality (56.0% vs 58.6%). TMD pain was predominantly chronic, recurrent, and significantly higher in women than in men (78.2% vs 67.6%, P < .01). Female sex significantly increased the risk (adjusted odds ratio) of developing TMD by 70% for moderately and severely limiting GCPS, 50% for developing TMD muscle diagnoses, and 70% for disc displacements, even after controlling for psychologicand sociodemographic-related variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sex does play a role in the development of TMD subtypes (muscle diagnoses and disc displacements) and chronicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94232,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of prosthodontics","volume":"0 0","pages":"193-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}