The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Three-Year Outcome of Periodontal Regenerative Therapy for a Hopeless Maxillary Molar with Multiple Class II and Vertical Subclass C Furcation Involvements: A Case Report.","authors":"Kazuki Ohsugi, Tomohiro Ishikawa, Hajime Kitajima, Shunsuke Fukuba","doi":"10.11607/prd.7779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.7779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Managing maxillary multi-rooted teeth presenting with multiple Class II furcation involvement (FI) and deep vertical attachment loss remains challenging, and long-term clinical outcomes of periodontal regenerative therapy are limited.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 44-year-old woman with generalized periodontitis presented with bleeding and suppuration associated with the maxillary left first molar (#26). Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed buccal, mesial, and distal Class II FI and a deep vertical defect extending to the apical third (vertical subclass C), corresponding to a hopeless prognosis. Following phase I infection control, periodontal regenerative surgery was performed using a papilla-preservation flap. After meticulously debridement and root surface conditioning, enamel matrix derivative was applied, and carbonate apatite granules soaked with fibroblast growth factor-2 were placed and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Primary closure was obtained with internal mattress and sling sutures. Supportive periodontal care was provided monthly, with re-evaluations at 12 and 36 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Uneventful primary wound healing was achieved. At 36 months, FI reduced to Class I at all furcation entrances, and the vertical subclass improved from C to A. 36 months after surgery, clinical attachment level improved from 9 mm to 3 mm, probing pocket depth from 8 mm to 3 mm, and recession from 1 mm to 0 mm compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of a single case, periodontal regenerative therapy combining biologics and bone graft substitutes under a papilla-preservation approach may change prognosis of maxillary molars with advanced multi-furcation defects when strict infection control and supportive care are maintained.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Expanded Slit Free Gingival Graft: A Novel Approach to Increase the Width of Keratinized Mucosa.","authors":"Alexander De Greef, Andy Temmerman, Philip De Greef, Lorenzo Tavelli","doi":"10.11607/prd.7992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.7992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate keratinized mucosa width (KMW) is important for maintaining peri-implant health, mechanical stability, and patient comfort. Although the free gingival graft (FGG) remains the most predictable method for increasing KMW, harvesting large grafts is often limited by palatal donor-site anatomy and associated morbidity. The slit free gingival graft (slit-FGG) is a straightforward modification that enables controlled width expansion without compromising structural continuity, thereby reducing donor tissue requirements. In this technique, a single full-thickness longitudinal incision is made in the harvested graft, creating two juxtaposed ribbons connected by intact lateral platforms. These ribbons can be displaced unidirectionally or bidirectionally to achieve the desired expansion and adapted over an apically positioned mucosa on a prepared periosteal bed. Four systemically healthy patients with insufficient KMW in large edentulous areas were treated using the slit-FGG as part of staged implant therapy. All patients reported minimal postoperative discomfort, and at 6 months the augmented sites demonstrated stable vestibular depth and maintained increases in KMW. Within the limitations of this report, the slit-FGG appears to represent a practical graft-efficient alternative for peri-implant soft-tissue phenotype modification when donor tissue is limited or extensive coverage is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Clinical and Esthetic Stability of Inverted Body-Shift Implants in the Maxillary Esthetic Zone: A 6-Year Prospective Study.","authors":"Pär-Olov Östman, Dominic O'Hooley, Stephen J Chu, Dennis P Tarnow","doi":"10.11607/prd.8000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.8000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective, single-arm observational cohort study evaluated 6-year outcomes of inverted body-shift implants placed in the maxillary esthetic zone. Twenty-six patients received twenty-six implants (19 immediate placements, 7 in healed ridges). Buccal grafting was performed in twenty sites (12 xenograft, 8 allograft) and omitted in six. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanning were used to measure buccal-bone thickness and soft-tissue stability at baseline, 18-24 months, and 74-84 months. All implants survived (100%) at a mean follow-up of 80.0 ± 6.7 months, and no major complications were reported. Mean labial plate remodeling after six years was -0.27 mm (L1) and -0.37 mm (L2). Pink Esthetic Scores (PES) averaged 12.8, with 15 implants scoring >13. Within the limitations of this small, uncontrolled cohort and descriptive design, these findings suggest favorable long-term survival and maintenance of hard- and soft-tissue contours associated with inverted body-shift implants placed in the anterior maxilla. However, causal inferences and claims of superior or definitive long-term stability should be interpreted cautiously and require confirmation in larger controlled comparative studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 'Compensatory Alveolar Socket Seal' (CASS) Treatment Concept Combining Immediately Placed Implants, Autologous Bone Grafting, and Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft. A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Ion Zabalegui, Javier Sanz-Esporrin, Fernando Luengo, Ana Marcos, Mariano Sanz","doi":"10.11607/prd.7750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.7750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this retrospective case series is to provide evidence of the performance of a surgical concept, the 'Compensatory Alveolar Socket Seal' (CASS) by sealing not only the coronal part of the alveolar socket but also its buccal aspect using a subepithelial connective tissue graft to enhance soft tissue volume and adequately restore a proper emergence profile.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this retrospective case series, 389 patients underwent treatment with this modified surgical technique (CASS). This treatment includes minimally traumatic extraction, immediate implant placement and a connective tissue sealing the buccal aspect of the socket. Radiographic bone level (RBL) was stablished as the main outcome variable. Other variables such as implant osteointegration or need for secondary subepithelial connective tissue graft surgery were also recorded. Additionally, Pink Esthetic Score (PES) was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although no statistical differences in RBL were observed, a trend was seen for increased bone level changes in the upper first left premolar (0.97 mm (SD=0.89)) while the least was observed in the upper left canine (0.07 mm (SD=0.88)). Bone level changes varied according to implant site and type of connection. Implants with an external connection had a deeper bone remodeling compared with an internal connection (0.65 mm SD=1.12 vs 0.47 mm SD=1.34 respectively. PES levels improved during the follow up period. The highest increase (1.61) was found between baseline (V1) and 12 weeks postoperatively (V2) (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CASS technique appears to be a reliable technique for preserving the alveolar process without requiring hard tissue replacement strategies, with excellent aesthetic results.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Interproximal Contact Loss and Peri-Implant Diseases in Non-Molar Sites.","authors":"Emilio Couso-Queiruga, Clemens Raabe, Gemma Rubio-Ferrer, Diogo Moreira Rodrigues, Gustavo Avila-Ortiz, Ningbo Zhao, Vivianne Chappuis, Giovanni E Salvi, Manrique Fonseca","doi":"10.11607/prd.8056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.8056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between interproximal contact loss (ICL) and peri-implant diseases, determined its prevalence and distribution, and examined relationships with clinical and radiographic variables. Calibrated evaluators examined adult patients with single implant-supported prostheses (ISPs) in non-molar sites. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between ICL and peri-implant diseases, as well as with variables of interest. A total of 262 patients with 323 ISPs were evaluated. Mean follow-up time since implant placement was 11.2±1.5 years. ICL was observed in 43.6% of mesial and 34.6% of distal sites at the implant level (p=0.03), and in 62.6% of participants. Open mesial and distal contacts were associated with increased odds of peri-implantitis (OR=1.648, p=0.045; OR=1.938, p=0.004). Light mesial contacts were also associated with a higher risk of presenting this disease (OR=2.214, p=0.008). Marginal bone loss was associated with light mesial (OR=1.104, p=0.009) and with both open (OR = 1.175, p = 0.008) and light distal contacts (OR = 1.181, p = 0.009). Food impaction was associated with open (OR=10.555, p=0.003), light mesial (OR=12.210, p=0.002), and light distal contacts (OR=5.999, p=0.006). At mesial sites, open contacts were further associated with reduced interproximal soft tissue height and a history of periodontitis (OR=10.641, p=0.036). In conclusion, ICLs are highly prevalent and associated with peri-implantitis, Marginal bone loss, food impaction, reduced papilla height, and a history of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculus and Scaling and Root Planing: Reassessment of an Old Problem.","authors":"Charles M Cobb, Stephen K Harrel","doi":"10.11607/prd.2026.2.c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.2026.2.c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"46 2","pages":"152-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Regeneration Following Implantoplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Long-Term Radiographic Assessment.","authors":"Philippe Khayat, David Aidan, Javier Calatrava, Hom-Lay Wang","doi":"10.11607/prd.7422","DOIUrl":"10.11607/prd.7422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implantoplasty involves mechanically modifying the exposed implant surface by removing macro- and microstructures and is typically considered a resective approach. The potential for bone regen-eration with implantoplasty alone has not yet been studied. This research aimed to evaluate long-term changes in peri-implant bone levels without using regenerative materials. A total of 56 patients (70 implants) were included in the study and were followed for up to 10 years, with a mean observa-tion time of 59 months (~5 years). The implants were evaluated retrospectively through radiograph-ic and clinical (bleeding on probing and suppuration) analyses. Of the 70 implants, 11 (15.7%) were lost due to disease recurrence and additional bone loss. One implant (1.4%) experienced up to 1.0 mm of bone loss, 15 implants (21.4%) showed no change in marginal bone levels (MBLs), and 43 implants (61.5%) gained bone up to 4.8 mm, all without the use of any graft material or membrane. The overall mean MBL change for the remaining 59 implants at the end of the follow-up period (84.3%) was a gain of 1.27 mm. Implantoplasty alone without osseous surgery, flap repositioning, or use of a graft material or membrane may be a viable option for managing peri-implantitis defects. However, future randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to validate current findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"0 0","pages":"244-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esthetic and Colorimetric Assessment of Peri-implant Soft Tissue Augmented with a Strip Gingival Graft Harvested from Either the Buccal Soft Tissue or the Palate: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Istvan A Urban, Leonardo Mancini, Samuel Akhondi, Lorenzo Tavelli","doi":"10.11607/prd.7476","DOIUrl":"10.11607/prd.7476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that keratinized mucosa (KM) plays a crucial role in maintaining peri-implant health and esthetic outcomes. The strip gingival graft (SGG) technique, which involves an apically positioned flap (APF) in combination with an autogenous SGG and a xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM), has demonstrated its efficacy in reestablishing an adequate amount of KM width at implant sites. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether harvesting the SGG from the palate (pSGG) or from the buccal aspect (bSGG) of natural dentition affects the esthetic outcome at the augmented implant sites. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the esthetic outcomes of dental implants augmented with either bSGG + XCM or pSGG + XCM. The present study was designed as a single-center retrospective study, assessing the esthetic and colorimetric outcomes of peri-implant KM augmentation with either pSGG + XCM or bSGG + XCM in a cohort of 49 subjects. The two groups were compared in terms of colorimetric outcomes, assessed on clinical photographs using specific software that was able to identify and quantify the predominant color within the peri-implant soft tissue. Colorimetric comparisons with adjacent untreated sites were also investigated. In addition, the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and a subjective evaluation of the esthetics (SEE) were performed to further assess the esthetic outcomes of pSGG + XCM and bSGG + XCM. The colorimetric analysis did not show statistically significant differences among sites augmented with pSGG + XCM, sites augmented with bSGG + XCM, and untreated sites. Implants treated with bSGG + XCM showed significantly greater PES (in terms of shape of the mesial and distal papillae, level of the soft tissue margin, soft tissue contour, anatomy of the alveolar process, and final PES) and SEE compared to implants augmented with pSGG + XCM. The present study demonstrated that implant sites augmented with APF with either pSGG + XCM or bSGG + XCM did not show different colorimetric outcomes compared to adjacent untreated sites, while bSGG + XCM obtained superior professional and subjective esthetic scores compared to pSGG + XCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"0 0","pages":"174-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotype-Driven Treatment Planning for the Interdisciplinary Patient. Part II: A Clinical Case Series.","authors":"Ashley B Hoders, Kevin G Murphy, Marianna Evans, George A Mandelaris","doi":"10.11607/prd.7715","DOIUrl":"10.11607/prd.7715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal diagnosis and upper-airway health should be the foundation of risk assessment for the interdisciplinary patient, as the diagnosis impacts treatment planning and outcomes. Currently, there is an epidemic of dental arch deficiencies with multifactorial etiologies that contribute to dentofacial disharmony malocclusions. Assessing each dimension of the periodontal phenotype in the context of the planned intervention, termed phenotype-driven treatment planning (PDTP; as outlined in Part I of this series), offers an opportunity to evolve our treatment-planning concepts and allows for the selection of the appropriate management protocol and sequence of treatment. The purpose of this case series is to highlight the application of the recently introduced systematic process of PDTP and to build upon the existing evidence/reported advantages of phenotype modification for the interdisciplinary patient. This case series emphasizes a comprehensive diagnosis to achieve optimized periodontal phenotype dimensions in interdisciplinary dentofacial therapy. Establishing an accurate and comprehensive diagnosis coupled with the use of available innovations can help us identify how to address the etiology of our patients' problems with less compromise and compensation treatment, promoting systemic, structural, and functional health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":"0 0","pages":"156-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of the Gingival Phenotype by the Transparency of the Periodontal Probe Through the Gingival Sulcus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Diogo Moreira Rodrigues, Emilio Couso-Queiruga, Eliane Porto Barboza, Enzo Cerullo, Caroline Montez Lima, Diogo Pereira Luz, Leandro Chambrone","doi":"10.11607/prd.7278","DOIUrl":"10.11607/prd.7278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of diagnosing thin and thick gingival phenotypes (GPs) by the transparency of the periodontal probe (TRAN) through the gingival sulcus. Eligible studies comparing TRAN to direct methods for gingival thickness (GT) measurement (reference tests) were searched in four databases (including MEDLINE and EMBASE) up to 2024. Quality assessment was carried out using QUADAS-2. A latent class meta-analysis for imperfect gold-standard model was conducted considering the multiple thresholds (TSs) and landmarks adopted by the reference tests. The 10 included studies presented a low risk of bias and low applicability concerns. The summary sensitivity (SSe) ranged from 49% (95% CI: 25.8% to 68%) with a TS of 0.8 mm to approximately 53% (TSs of 1 and 1.2 mm); the summary specificity (SSp) ranged from 60% (95% CI: 42.4% to 82.6%) with a TS of 1 mm to 68% (95% CI: 46.4% to 82.5%) with a TS of 0.8 mm. The highest SSe (67%) and SSp (76%) were found in the analysis grouping the same TS (0.8 mm) and landmark (1 mm from the gingival margin). The assessment of GP using TRAN could lead to inadequate diagnoses, especially in determining a thin phenotype. Its accuracy is highly dependent on the TSs used to differentiate between thin and thick GPs and the apicocoronal landmark where the GT was obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":94231,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"255-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}