Southern African journal of HIV medicine最新文献_第4页

Prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus among Zimbabwean women living with HIV. 津巴布韦感染艾滋病毒的妇女中宫颈高危人乳头瘤病毒的流行情况。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1633

Tarisai Kufa, Ardele Mandiriri, Tinei Shamu, Racheal S Dube Mandishora, Margaret J Pascoe

{"title":"Prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus among Zimbabwean women living with HIV.","authors":"Tarisai Kufa, Ardele Mandiriri, Tinei Shamu, Racheal S Dube Mandishora, Margaret J Pascoe","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1633","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1633","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are six times more likely to develop cervical cancer (CC). There is also an increased incidence of CC in women with optimal HIV disease control, despite immune reconstitution due to antiretroviral therapy (ART).Objectives: This study describes the prevalence and age-specific genotype distribution of hrHPV among an urban cohort of WLWH. Additionally, we report the HIV disease profile and age-specific outcomes of hrHPV DNA screening in WLWH attending routine CC screening at Newlands Clinic, Harare, between January and December 2021.Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional design based on a retrospective review of records of WLWH who were screened for hrHPV infection. We assessed the prevalence of hrHPV infection during the study period.Results: We included data for 2745 women who had an hrHPV DNA test. The median age at the time of testing was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR]; 37-52) The median duration on HIV ART was 10.2 years (IQR: 6.2-13.3). The proportion of women with undetectable viral loads (< 50 copies/mL) was 91.2%. The prevalence of hrHPV infection was 53%. The most prevalent genotypes were human papillomavirus (HPV) 58 (11%), HPV 52 (10%), HPV 35 (10%), and HPV 16 (9%).Conclusion: Our study reports a high prevalence of HPV and hrHPV including other subtypes than 16 and 18. These results highlight the continued importance of CC screening and prophylactic HPV vaccinations among WLWH.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12242646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiological predictors of PCP in HIV-positive adults in South Africa: A matched case-control study. 南非hiv阳性成人PCP的放射学预测因素：一项匹配的病例对照研究。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-08 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1636

Nicola K Wills, Jared Tavares, Qonita Said-Hartley, Sean Wasserman

{"title":"Radiological predictors of PCP in HIV-positive adults in South Africa: A matched case-control study.","authors":"Nicola K Wills, Jared Tavares, Qonita Said-Hartley, Sean Wasserman","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1636","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1636","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Definition of chest X-ray (CXR) features associated with laboratory-confirmed pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among HIV-positive adults is needed to improve diagnosis in high-burden settings.Objectives: Our primary objective was to identify CXR features associated with confirmed PCP diagnosis and severe PCP (defined by hypoxia, intensive care unit referral/admission, and/or in-hospital death). We also explored the performance of logistic regression models, incorporating selected clinical and CXR predictors, for PCP diagnosis and severe PCP.Method: We conducted a case-control study involving HIV-positive adults with laboratory-confirmed PCP and a matched cohort with non-PCP respiratory presentations at regional hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa (2012-2020).Results: Records from 104 adults (52 PCP cases and 52 non-PCP controls) were included. Diffuse versus patchy ground-glass opacification was associated with increased odds of PCP diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-28.9, P = 0.01) and severe PCP (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6-14.4, P = 0.008). Consolidation was associated with severe PCP (aOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2-11.0, P = 0.03) as was increasing ground-glass zone involvement (aOR: 2.1 for each one-unit increase in involved zone; 95% CI: 1.4-3.2, P = 0.0004). Models incorporating hypoxia (hypoxia model) or tachypnoea (respiratory rate model) with diffuse ground-glass opacities, absence of pleural effusion or reticular/reticulonodular changes on CXR performed well in predicting PCP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.828 [hypoxia model] and 0.857 [respiratory rate model]).Conclusion: CXR evaluation alongside bedside clinical information offers good accuracy for discriminating definite PCP from other HIV-associated respiratory diseases.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causes of death in people living with HIV: Lessons from five health facilities in Eswatini. 艾滋病毒感染者的死亡原因：埃斯瓦提尼五个医疗机构的经验教训。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1614

Yves Mafulu, Sukoluhle Khumalo, Victor Williams, Sandile Ndabezitha, Elisha Nyandoro, Nkosana Ndlovu, Alexander Kay, Khetsiwe Maseko, Hlobsile Simelane, Siphesihle Gwebu, Normusa Musarapasi, Arnold Mafukidze, Pido Bongomin, Nduduzo Dube, Lydia Buzaalirwa, Nkululeko Dube, Samson Haumba

{"title":"Causes of death in people living with HIV: Lessons from five health facilities in Eswatini.","authors":"Yves Mafulu, Sukoluhle Khumalo, Victor Williams, Sandile Ndabezitha, Elisha Nyandoro, Nkosana Ndlovu, Alexander Kay, Khetsiwe Maseko, Hlobsile Simelane, Siphesihle Gwebu, Normusa Musarapasi, Arnold Mafukidze, Pido Bongomin, Nduduzo Dube, Lydia Buzaalirwa, Nkululeko Dube, Samson Haumba","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1614","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1614","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eswatini has a high HIV prevalence in adults and, despite being one of the first countries to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets, AIDS-related deaths are still high.Objectives: This study describes the causes of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving care at five clinics in Eswatini.Method: A cross-sectional review of sociodemographic, clinical and mortality data of deceased clients who received care from 01 January 2021 to 30 June 2022, was conducted. Data were extracted from the deceased clients' clinical records, and descriptive and comparative analysis was performed.Results: Of 257 clients, 52.5% (n = 135) were male, and the median age was 47 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 38, 59). The leading causes of death were non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (n = 59, 23.0%), malignancies (n = 37, 14.4%), COVID-19 (n = 36, 14.0%), and advanced HIV disease (AHD) (n = 24, 9.3%). Clients who had been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 12-60 months (OR: 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0006, 0.06) and > 60 months (OR: 0.006; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.029) had lower odds of death from AHD compared to those on ART for < 12 months. Clients aged ≥ 40 years had higher odds of dying from COVID-19, while female clients (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.29, 5.70) had higher odds of death from malignancy.Conclusion: Most clients who died were aged 40 years and above and died from NCD-related causes, indicating a need to integrate prevention, screening, and treatment of NCDs into HIV services. Specific interventions targeting younger PLHIV will limit their risk for AHD.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guideline on the management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in people with HIV. 南部非洲艾滋病毒临床医师协会关于艾滋病毒感染者非结核分枝杆菌管理的指南。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1657

Halima Dawood, Lauren Richards, Keeren Lutchminarain, Arifa Parker, Camilla Wattrus, Nosisa Sipambo, Jeremy Nel, Thandekile Manzini, Kogieleum Naidoo

引用次数: 0

Economic impact of extending reflexed cryptococcal antigenaemia CD4 threshold in South Africa. 扩大南非反射性隐球菌抗原血 CD4 临界值的经济影响。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1621

Naseem Cassim, Lindi-Marie Coetzee, Manuel P da Silva, Deborah K Glencross, Wendy S Stevens

{"title":"Economic impact of extending reflexed cryptococcal antigenaemia CD4 threshold in South Africa.","authors":"Naseem Cassim, Lindi-Marie Coetzee, Manuel P da Silva, Deborah K Glencross, Wendy S Stevens","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1621","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1621","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reflexed cryptococcal antigenaemia (CrAg) testing has been offered since 2016 in South Africa, on remnant CD4 specimens, for people with a count < 100 cells/μL. Local guidelines recommended extending testing to 200 cells/μL.Objectives: This study assessed the cost per result and annual equivalent costs (AEC) for CD4 counts < 100 cells/μL and 100 to 200 cells/μL, as well as determining the cost to find one CrAg-positive case.Method: An ingredients-based costing was used to determine the cost per result. The CrAg detection rate for < 100 cells/μL was obtained from operational reports of 2019. For 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL, a CrAg detection rate of 2% was assumed. One-way sensitivity analysis determined the impact of varying CrAg detection rates on the cost to find one case. Local data from the Western Cape province, which offers testing for counts of 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL, from September 2022 to January 2023, were interrogated to establish detection rates.Results: There were 283 240 (AEC: $1 670 370) specimens with counts of < 100 cells/μL and 300 624 (AEC: $1 772 890) with counts of 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL. A cost per result of $5.897 was reported. The cost to find one CrAg case ranged from $589.74 to $73.72 for a detection rate of 1% to 8%. Local data for a count of 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL revealed a CrAg detection rate of 1.6%.Conclusion: The study findings reveal that extending reflexed CrAg testing to 200 cells/μL would double test volumes with fewer positive cases reported for those with a count of 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Condomless anal intercourse among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Zimbabwe. 津巴布韦 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性男男性行为者之间的无保险套肛交。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1583

Munyaradzi P Mapingure, Innocent Chingombe, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Diego Cuadros, Grant Murewanhema, Brian Moyo, Chesterfield Samba, Amon Mpofu, Owen Mugurungi, Helena Herrera, Godfrey Musuka

{"title":"Condomless anal intercourse among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Munyaradzi P Mapingure, Innocent Chingombe, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Diego Cuadros, Grant Murewanhema, Brian Moyo, Chesterfield Samba, Amon Mpofu, Owen Mugurungi, Helena Herrera, Godfrey Musuka","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1583","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1583","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where condomless anal intercourse (CAI) is a major driver of HIV transmission among this hidden subpopulation.Objectives: To determine CAI drivers and prevalence among HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM.Method: Data from 1538 MSM who participated in a biobehavioural survey in Zimbabwe were used. Secondary statistical data analysis methods were used to determine prevalences and drivers of CAI.Results: A high prevalence of CAI, of at least 30%, among HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM was found. Factors that led to a statistically significant higher CAI among HIV-positives compared to HIV-negatives included drunkenness (35% vs. 25%, P = 0.01), fear of partner (13% vs. 9%, P = 0.017), trusting the partner (10% vs. 6%, P = 0.008), and being offered more money (10% vs. 6%, P = 0.003).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that economic, socio-behavioural and perceptual dimensions increase men's likelihood to engage in risky sexual behaviour, suggesting the need for HIV prevention efforts that provide tailored education regarding HIV risk among MSM in SSA. This is the first large biobehavioural survey that generated valuable information useful for analysing condomless anal sex among MSM in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beliefs affecting ART adherence in newly diagnosed HIV-positive participants in Manzini, Eswatini. 在埃斯瓦提尼的曼齐尼，影响新诊断出的 HIV 阳性参与者坚持抗逆转录病毒疗法的信念。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1601

Thabiso Mango, Mambwe Kasese-Hara, Mamakiri Mulaudzi

{"title":"Beliefs affecting ART adherence in newly diagnosed HIV-positive participants in Manzini, Eswatini.","authors":"Thabiso Mango, Mambwe Kasese-Hara, Mamakiri Mulaudzi","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1601","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1601","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Achieving optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is challenging. Consistency in HIV care and treatment is crucial for achieving viral load suppression and preventing HIV-related illnesses, disease progression to AIDS, mortality, drug resistance, and onward transmission.Objectives: The purpose of this research was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the beliefs that play a role in determining the level of ART adherence among individuals newly diagnosed with HIV. By examining these beliefs, the researchers aimed to identify potential barriers and facilitators to adherence, ultimately contributing to the development of effective interventions and strategies to improve ART adherence.Method: An exploratory qualitative approach was employed in this study, utilising the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as its theoretical framework. To gather insights, in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 participants recruited post diagnosis, who shared their beliefs regarding ART adherence. Thematic analysis identified beliefs, categorised under TPB precursors, namely behavioural outcomes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control.Results: Participants emphasised health improvement, treatment effectiveness, and disease prevention as advantages to ART adherence, while disadvantages included fear of lifelong commitment, side effects, and stigma. ART adherence was enhanced by family support but impeded by a number of social factors. Participants expressed confidence in creating personal reminders or seeking external help, but anticipated various challenges.Conclusion: The research has shown that the beliefs affecting ART adherence in individuals recently diagnosed with HIV but not yet on treatment are like those that have been reported to influence adherence in HIV-positive participants currently receiving treatment.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incidence and risk factors of anaemia among people on antiretroviral therapy in Harare. 哈拉雷接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人群中贫血的发生率和风险因素。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1605

Linda A Mandikiyana Chirimuta, Tinei Shamu, Cleophas Chimbetete, Chérie Part

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors of anaemia among people on antiretroviral therapy in Harare.","authors":"Linda A Mandikiyana Chirimuta, Tinei Shamu, Cleophas Chimbetete, Chérie Part","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1605","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1605","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anaemia is associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality risk among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the prevalence of anaemia, some patients remain at risk after commencing ART.Objectives: We estimated the incidence of anaemia after ART commencement and identified associated risk factors.Method: We analysed outpatient records at Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe. Patients (≥ 5 years old) who were commenced on ART between January 2016 and December 2020 were included and were followed up for up to 2 years. Patients with anaemia at ART commencement and women who were pregnant at any time during follow-up were excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess independent risk factors for anaemia.Results: During the study, 1110 patients ≥ 5 years old were commenced on ART with a prevalence of anaemia of 40.0%. Five hundred and twenty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria and were followed up for 823.7 person-years. The median age was 36.1 years and 290 (58.4%) were female. The incidence rate of anaemia after ART commencement was 176.1 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 149.6-207.2). Females (aHR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.46-3.00, P < 0.001), zidovudine use (aHR: 3.50 96% CI: 2.14-5.71, P < 0.001), age 5-12 years or > 50 years, and the presence of World Health Organization stage III/IV disease (aHR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.14-5.71, P = 0.019) had higher odds of developing anaemia.Conclusion: The incidence of anaemia after ART commencement was high. Female sex, zidovudine use, age and the presence of stage III/IV disease were independent risk factors for anaemia. Clinicians should screen PLHIV on ART regularly for anaemia.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acceptability and performance of dual HIV/syphilis testing in male circumcision clients, 2021. 2021 年男性包皮环切术患者对艾滋病毒/梅毒双重检测的接受程度和效果。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1571

Tendesayi Kufa, Ocean Tobaiwa, Ewaldé Cutler, Beverley Singh, Zinhle Brukwe, Venessa Maseko, Erushka Pillay, Philip Dorrell, Khumbulani Moyo, Lindokuhle Zondi, Yogan Pillay, Sean Patrick, Adrian Puren

{"title":"Acceptability and performance of dual HIV/syphilis testing in male circumcision clients, 2021.","authors":"Tendesayi Kufa, Ocean Tobaiwa, Ewaldé Cutler, Beverley Singh, Zinhle Brukwe, Venessa Maseko, Erushka Pillay, Philip Dorrell, Khumbulani Moyo, Lindokuhle Zondi, Yogan Pillay, Sean Patrick, Adrian Puren","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1571","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1571","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dual HIV/syphilis testing may be an acceptable intervention to identify men with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and at risk of HIV acquisition.Objectives: We sought to determine the acceptability, and performance of dual HIV/syphilis testing among men attending voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services at six public sector facilities in Gauteng.Method: This was a cross-sectional study at VMMC facilities. Men ≥ 18 years were enrolled. The men had (1) a questionnaire administered, (2) on-site dual HIV/syphilis testing with First Response HIV1+2/Syphilis Combo Card Test by routine lay counsellors, and (3) a blood specimen collected for centralised laboratory testing for HIV and syphilis serology. We evaluated pre-test and post-test acceptability and performance compared to serological testing.Results: Of the 679 men analysed (median age 32.1 years), 96.7% of HIV-negative men preferred testing for HIV and syphilis simultaneously. Of the 675 men tested for syphilis, 28 (4.7%) tested positive (past or recent). In the laboratory, 43/609 (7.1%) had syphilis infection detected, with 9/609 (1.5%) having recent syphilis. There was sub-optimal sensitivity for HIV detection (90.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 88.5% - 93.3%), and for past/recent syphilis (55.8%; 95% CI: 51.9% - 59.8%), improving to 88.9% (95% CI: 86.4% - 91.4%) for recent syphilis. Specificities were > 99% for HIV and syphilis (past or recent). Post-test acceptability was 96.6% and willingness to pay for future testing was 86.1%.Conclusion: Dual HIV/syphilis testing was acceptable but had sub-optimal sensitivity for HIV and syphilis. Syphilis detection was adequate for recent infection.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing medication errors in HIV-positive patients: Influence of a clinical pharmacist. 减少 HIV 阳性患者的用药错误：临床药剂师的影响。

Southern African journal of HIV medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1594

Elmien Bronkhorst, Michè Joseph-Busby, Selente Bezuidenhout

{"title":"Reducing medication errors in HIV-positive patients: Influence of a clinical pharmacist.","authors":"Elmien Bronkhorst, Michè Joseph-Busby, Selente Bezuidenhout","doi":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1594","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajhivmed.v25i1.1594","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The roll-out of antiretroviral medicines has improved life expectancy in people living with HIV (PLHIV). This has resulted in more patients being hospitalised for non-communicable diseases, increasing risk for medication errors (MEs). Pharmacists, through medication reconciliation, may identify and reduce MEs in this population.Objectives: To describe the importance of a pharmacist's involvement in identifying and quantifying types of MEs.Method: A quantitative, prospective observational study was conducted over 14 weeks. A pharmacist reviewed HIV-positive, hospitalised patients' files, using a data collection instrument, to determine the prevalence of MEs in PLHIV. The study pharmacist recommended appropriate actions to the prescriber to resolve MEs and documented resolution of the MEs.Results: The study population of n = 180 patient files were reviewed 453 times, identifying 466 MEs. Medication errors included incorrect medication reconciliation from history (19; 4.1%), prescription omission (17; 3.7%), duplication of therapy (10; 2.2%), missed doses (265; 57.1%), incorrect dosing (103; 22.2%), incorrect administration frequency (2; 0.4%), incorrect duration of therapy (15; 3.2%) and drug-drug interactions (18; 3.9%). More than half (58.2%) of the MEs were resolved in less than 24 h, with involvement of the pharmacist.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the magnitude of MEs experienced in hospitalised PLHIV and highlights the role clinical pharmacists play in identifying and resolving MEs to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":94212,"journal":{"name":"Southern African journal of HIV medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"1594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0