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Introduction to the Special Issue “Rethinking Artful Politics: Bodies of Difference Remaking Body Worlds” 特刊 "反思艺术政治：差异身体重塑身体世界

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13060304

Nadine Changfoot, C. Rice, Eliza Chandler

引用次数: 0

Cultural Differences in Body Image: A Systematic Review 身体形象的文化差异：系统回顾

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13060305

Marzieh Abdoli, Marco Scotto Rosato, A. DeSousa, Paolo Cotrufo

{"title":"Cultural Differences in Body Image: A Systematic Review","authors":"Marzieh Abdoli, Marco Scotto Rosato, A. DeSousa, Paolo Cotrufo","doi":"10.3390/socsci13060305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13060305","url":null,"abstract":"Culture affects individuals’ perceptions and experiences of their bodies. In order to provide the most effective solutions to body image-related issues, it is necessary to understand cultures and their influences on body image in various populations. This paper focuses on the effects of culture on body image. Therefore, a systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, yielding 2064 articles published between 1990 and 2023. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 articles were selected. Our findings showed a strong influence of culture on body image, highlighting the impact of societal expectations on individuals’ mental well-being. Western cultures, with their preference for thinness, differ from non-Western ideals. The findings also showed the impact of regional variations within the same culture and society on body image. Furthermore, the study found that the young demographic, especially females, is the most vulnerable to body image issues; however, emerging research within our review also indicates a growing concern among males. This study underscores the necessity of culturally considering interventions to address body image issues, which are integral to improving mental health concerns like body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, depression, low self-esteem, and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":94209,"journal":{"name":"Social sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Case of Sticky Gender? Persistence and Change in the Division of Household Labor during the COVID-19 Pandemic 性别粘性案例？COVID-19大流行期间家庭劳动分工的持续与变化

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13040182

Michelle Cera, Golda Kaplan, Kathleen Gerson, Barbara Risman

{"title":"A Case of Sticky Gender? Persistence and Change in the Division of Household Labor during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Michelle Cera, Golda Kaplan, Kathleen Gerson, Barbara Risman","doi":"10.3390/socsci13040182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13040182","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary research finds that gender continues to provide an organizing framework for couples’ allocation of household labor. To explain this outcome, scholars focus on how structural arrangements and cultural beliefs contribute to the persistence of gender inequality in domestic labor. Yet scholarship has yet to fully clarify what combination of cultural and structural factors create persistent gender inequality in household labor. We use the COVID-19 pandemic as a naturally occurring event in which arrangements for childcare and work were upended, making it possible for many to rethink their household arrangements. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 81 respondents in heterosexual dual-earner couples, we examine how change in structural arrangements allowed some couples to develop a more egalitarian division of domestic labor. We also examine why an unequal division of labor persisted for most couples even amid the dramatic changes in their work and childcare arrangements and, for some, a strong desire to do so. We theorize that, taken alone, neither cultural attitudes nor shifts in the organization of work are sufficient to remove the stickiness of gender inequality in household work. Instead, structural change offers the possibility to change behavior, but only if cultural beliefs exist that make such change desirable.","PeriodicalId":94209,"journal":{"name":"Social sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding Gender Disparities in Caregiving, Stress, and Perceptions of Institutional Support among Faculty during the COVID-19 Pandemic 了解在 COVID-19 大流行期间教师在护理、压力和对机构支持的看法方面的性别差异

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13040181

Sarah Thébaud, Charlotte Hoppen, Jennifer David, Eileen Boris

{"title":"Understanding Gender Disparities in Caregiving, Stress, and Perceptions of Institutional Support among Faculty during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Sarah Thébaud, Charlotte Hoppen, Jennifer David, Eileen Boris","doi":"10.3390/socsci13040181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13040181","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of the care infrastructure that occurred during the COVID-19 crisis exposed society’s continued reliance on women and mothers as default caregivers. But less is known about how this crisis produced gendered mental health outcomes, especially in occupations characterized by intensive work cultures such as academia. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative responses from a May 2021 campus-wide survey of faculty at a large research university in the United States, we explore gendered patterns in faculty caregivers’ time use, stress, and perceptions of institutional support. Our findings demonstrate that childcare responsibilities were not merely more substantial for women than men in terms of hours, but they were also qualitatively different, with women’s hours being more unpredictable, interruptive, and mentally and emotionally demanding. We also show that the pandemic took a higher toll on women faculty’s mental health compared to men’s. This gap in mental health emerged not merely because women were spending more time caregiving on average, but also because the university’s policies did not effectively support the most strained caregivers. This study contributes empirical evidence to research on academic caregivers during the pandemic and to work demonstrating how (1) gendered caregiving dynamics shape mental health and remote work experiences and (2) the reliance on individual solutions to balancing work and family has failed even relatively privileged workers.","PeriodicalId":94209,"journal":{"name":"Social sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140219877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trust in Anonymous News? How Users Navigate Political News Channels on Russian Telegram 信任匿名新闻？用户如何浏览俄罗斯 Telegram 上的政治新闻频道

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13040180

Anna Litvinenko, Anna Smoliarova

引用次数: 0

Making Sense of Critical Suicide Studies: Metaphors, Tensions, and Futurities 理解批判性自杀研究：隐喻、张力和未来性

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13040183

Luiza Cesar Riani Costa, Jennifer White

{"title":"Making Sense of Critical Suicide Studies: Metaphors, Tensions, and Futurities","authors":"Luiza Cesar Riani Costa, Jennifer White","doi":"10.3390/socsci13040183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13040183","url":null,"abstract":"Critical suicide studies is a relatively new area of research, practice, and activism, which we believe can offer creative new vantage points with which to ‘think’ suicide into the future. We present findings from a qualitative research study undertaken to understand how critical suicide studies is being conceptualized by those who draw from this orientation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine scholars, practitioners, activists, and/or those with lived and living experience of suicidality. To analyze the data, we used reflexive thematic analysis and drew on a social constructionist orientation. We discovered that metaphors were an important way of conceptualizing and reflecting upon critical suicide studies. Four themes were generated: critical suicide studies is a site of respite and fortification; critical suicide studies is a felt experience; critical suicide studies is a desire line; critical suicide studies is yearning. We contend that the dominant language available to describe suicide and suicide prevention might not be adequate for expressing the complexities and contradictions of suicide prevention practice or suicide’s ultimate unknowability. We call for more diverse, inclusive, and expansive frameworks for understanding and responding to suicide and show the potential of joining other critical scholars and social movements to build a more just, caring, and inclusive world.","PeriodicalId":94209,"journal":{"name":"Social sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140217485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Slow Work: The Mainstream Concept 慢工出细活：主流概念

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030178

Maria João Silvestre, Sónia P. Gonçalves, Maria João Velez

{"title":"Slow Work: The Mainstream Concept","authors":"Maria João Silvestre, Sónia P. Gonçalves, Maria João Velez","doi":"10.3390/socsci13030178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13030178","url":null,"abstract":"The global acceleration of the pace of life has led to an increase in working hours, time pressure, and intensification of work tasks in organisations, with consequences for the physical and psychological health of workers. This acceleration and its consequences make it especially relevant to consider the principles of the slow movement and how they can be applied to the work context, focusing on the importance of slowing down the current pace of work and its implications for the sustainability of people and organisations. The key purpose of this study is to define the concept of slow work and understand its relationship with individual and organisational factors in order to extract the structuring dimensions, enabling its empirical study and practical application. Using grounded theory methodology, we conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with leaders of organisations from different sectors. Data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA programme. It was concluded that slow work is a way of working that respects the balance between individual rhythms and the objectives of the organisation, in favour of the sustainability of both parties, and that advocates qualitative goals, thinking time, individual recovery, purpose, and the humanisation of work. The main contribution is the conceptualisation of a construct that may be used in future studies, as well as in the development of organisational policies promoting the slow work culture.","PeriodicalId":94209,"journal":{"name":"Social sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140220853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender-Based Violence and Sexism among Young Couples 年轻夫妇中的性别暴力和性别歧视

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030179

I. Muñoz-Galiano, Gracia González-Gijón, Nazaret Martínez-Heredia, Erika González García

{"title":"Gender-Based Violence and Sexism among Young Couples","authors":"I. Muñoz-Galiano, Gracia González-Gijón, Nazaret Martínez-Heredia, Erika González García","doi":"10.3390/socsci13030179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13030179","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to characterise the prevalence of violence in intimate relationships among young university students and the internalisation of ambivalent sexism. The method used was a quantitative, descriptive study of Primary Education and Early Childhood Education groups in Andalusia, Spain. The final sample consisted of 848 participants. As a data collection tool, we used the VIREPA questionnaire and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. The results show that the most frequent forms of violence in young couples’ relationships are emotional, followed by physical and sexual violence, and emotional violence, followed by physical and psychological violence, with sexual aggression being slightly lower. Concerning the variable sex, although the averages are very close, women have higher averages in terms of emotional, physical, and psychological abuse; personal devaluation; and sexual abuse, while men have higher averages in terms of social and economic control. In addition, low levels of sexism were found to be ambivalent in the sample, with the results being highly differentiated by gender, with men having higher arithmetic means than women. This led us to design educational strategies that avoid inequalities between men and women and that contribute to the eradication of sexism and, consequently, the perpetration of violence.","PeriodicalId":94209,"journal":{"name":"Social sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Childcare Balancing Policy in Japanese Corporations and Women’s Fertility Intention 日本企业的育儿平衡政策与女性的生育意愿

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030175

Yerong Zhao

引用次数: 0

Comparing the Election Systems for Overseas Constituency Representatives in Multiple Countries 比较多个国家的海外选区代表选举制度

Social sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13030177

Shuji Yamauchi, Takashi Sekiyama

引用次数: 0