Social cognitive and affective neuroscience最新文献_第9页

Functional neuroimaging of the human lateral septum: a systematic review of behavioral correlates and anatomical localization. 人类外侧隔膜的功能神经影像学：行为相关和解剖定位的系统回顾。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag064

Julie Klinke, Kaiwen Zhang, Nicole Li, Amir Alidousti, Filip Gedin, Valentina Molinari, William H Thompson, Saida Hadjab, Karin Jensen

{"title":"Functional neuroimaging of the human lateral septum: a systematic review of behavioral correlates and anatomical localization.","authors":"Julie Klinke, Kaiwen Zhang, Nicole Li, Amir Alidousti, Filip Gedin, Valentina Molinari, William H Thompson, Saida Hadjab, Karin Jensen","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag064","url":null,"abstract":"The lateral septum (LS) is a basal forebrain structure extensively studied in rodents, where it regulates social behavior, stress, and motivation. In humans, its subtle anatomy and poor delineation limit systematic investigation with non-invasive imaging. We present the first systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies reporting LS activation in humans. Following PRISMA guidelines and a preregistered protocol, we found 3728 records. After screening, 26 studies met inclusion criteria. LS activations were categorized by behavioral domain, and spatial coordinates mapped for convergence. Reported LS/septal area activation was associated with prosocial processes including empathy, caregiving, trust, cooperation, and charitable decisions. LS activation was also associated with affiliative reward, sexual arousal, and affective states like guilt and gratitude, with alterations noted in depression. Coordinate-based mapping (where available) showed a tentative tendency toward left/anterior localization for social cognition-related activations in the left anterior septal area, though localization varied across studies due to anatomical and methodological challenges. Overall, the literature suggests the LS/septal area may contribute to multiple social-affective and motivational processes, but anatomical specificity remains uncertain. Despite challenges to measure LS function in humans, new neuroimaging techniques may elucidate LS function. This review highlights the LS as an underexplored but potentially critical structure for human socio-emotional and motivational processes, with clinical relevance for psychiatric conditions.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing and deciding to help: neural and attentional mechanisms of prosociality in younger and older adults. 看到和决定帮助：年轻人和老年人亲社会的神经和注意机制。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag078

Duo Li, Yuan Cao, Bryant P H Hui, Ping Li, Hui Zhang, Jian Ou, David H K Shum

{"title":"Seeing and deciding to help: neural and attentional mechanisms of prosociality in younger and older adults.","authors":"Duo Li, Yuan Cao, Bryant P H Hui, Ping Li, Hui Zhang, Jian Ou, David H K Shum","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag078","url":null,"abstract":"Prosociality plays a crucial role in social functioning across the lifespan. However, the neural and attentional mechanisms underlying age-related differences in prosociality remain to be understudied. In this study, we used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging and eye tracking to investigate the behavioural, neural, and attentional mechanisms underlying prosocial intentions in 35 younger adults aged 18-31 and 35 older adults aged 60-72 across helping, sharing, and comforting. Behaviourally, older adults reported a greater likelihood of helping than younger adults, while no age differences were observed in sharing or comforting. Older adults showed reduced activation in regions implicated in mentalising and cognitive control, including the right temporoparietal junction and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, during sharing and comforting. Older adults also showed attenuated connectivity between prefrontal and temporoparietal regions during sharing. Eye-tracking results revealed that older adults were more likely than younger adults to visually scan recipients across conditions. Brain-behaviour analyses indicated that helping intentions were associated with stronger connectivity of cognitive control regions with mentalising regions and weaker connectivity with affective processing regions. These findings suggest that distinct neural activation, functional connectivity, and attentional deployment patterns support age-related differences in prosociality, highlighting the value of a multimodal approach to understanding prosocial decision-making throughout adulthood.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13648150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diminished neural responses for greater numbers of lives at risk and lives lost in foreign countries. 减少神经反应，更多的生命处于危险之中，并在国外失去生命。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag049

Daniel Campbell-Meiklejohn, Jo Cutler

{"title":"Diminished neural responses for greater numbers of lives at risk and lives lost in foreign countries.","authors":"Daniel Campbell-Meiklejohn, Jo Cutler","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag049","url":null,"abstract":"Humanitarian crises fail to elicit responses proportional to their scale. Two psychological factors that may contribute to this problem are scope insensitivity, where concern fails to increase proportionally with the number of lives at risk, and home country bias. We studied these factors with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioural measurement. Twenty-five participants completed scanning while viewing 'headlines': summaries describing a specified number (from one to tens of thousands) of lives that were at risk in either their home country or abroad, followed by information confirming their survival or death. Control trials presented analogous real financial risks. Whereas neural responses to financial risk scaled positively with risk magnitude, responses to life risk declined with larger numbers of lives at home and followed an 'inverted-U' in response to lives abroad: low for single lives abroad, higher for moderate numbers, but also low for the greatest numbers. Deaths only evoked stronger responses than survival for home country victims, in neural regions previously associated with emotion derived from harm coming to other people. Independent willingness to pay ratings also demonstrated both biases. This study provides neural characterizations of scope insensitivity and home country bias when learning about lives at risk.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13406401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148407633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interoceptive awareness is associated with enhanced neural response to unpleasant images. 内感受性意识与对不愉快图像的神经反应增强有关。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag081

Rebecca J Compton, Tiffany Mikulis, Caroline Frost, Danylo Shudrenko, Rosaleen Cochran, Trinity Ellis, Aidan O'Sullivan, Tapsi Suryawanshi, Nadine Tang

{"title":"Interoceptive awareness is associated with enhanced neural response to unpleasant images.","authors":"Rebecca J Compton, Tiffany Mikulis, Caroline Frost, Danylo Shudrenko, Rosaleen Cochran, Trinity Ellis, Aidan O'Sullivan, Tapsi Suryawanshi, Nadine Tang","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag081","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag081","url":null,"abstract":"Interoception, or perception of internal bodily signals, is thought to be an important contributor to emotional experience and cognition, and individual differences in interoceptive beliefs may affect cognitive processing of emotional information. Addressing this issue, the present study examined the correlation between self-reported interoceptive awareness and EEG markers of motivated attention to emotional versus neutral images. A sample of undergraduates (n = 115) viewed images of neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant scenes while EEG was recorded, and the late positive potential (LPP) was extracted for each image type. Group results replicate prior findings of enhanced LPP signals for pleasant and unpleasant compared to neutral images. Moreover, a greater degree of enhanced LPP for unpleasant images (versus pleasant or neutral images) was positively correlated with self-reported interoceptive awareness. Results support the role of interoceptive beliefs in cortical processing of emotional information.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpersonal brain synchronization at frontopolar cortices underlies better advice-taking in groups. 额极皮层的人际大脑同步是群体中更好地接受建议的基础。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaf110

Linwei Yu, Yutong Hua, Xiaorong Gan, Shuyi Li, Xiaolin Zhou, Yi Hu

{"title":"Interpersonal brain synchronization at frontopolar cortices underlies better advice-taking in groups.","authors":"Linwei Yu, Yutong Hua, Xiaorong Gan, Shuyi Li, Xiaolin Zhou, Yi Hu","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsaf110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsaf110","url":null,"abstract":"We often seek advice from others outside our groups to optimize decision-making. This process may involve discerning the reliability of others, that is, whether the advice others provide is reliable enough to accept. However, little is known about how people collectively take advice from others. In this study, we recruited participant dyads (n = 35) to perform an advice-taking task, where they took advice collectively or individually from unreliable or reliable others. Interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) was examined using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based hyperscanning technique. For advice from unreliable others, the dyads performed better than the individuals. The dyads demonstrated a higher learning rate for bad advice than for good advice, as indicated by the analysis of the Bayesian reinforcement learning model. Furthermore, they demonstrated enhanced IBS in the frontopolar cortex, which was positively correlated with learning rates and dyad performance. However, these findings did not apply to reliable others or individuals. This study shows that groups, compared to individuals, are better able to discern valuable advice from others, which may be associated with neural coupling between members. This suggests a cognitive-brain mechanism for group advice-taking.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An examination of the impact of online feedback and social distance on the implicit self-identity of adolescents: behavioral and ERP evidence. 网络反馈和社会距离对青少年内隐自我同一性的影响：行为和ERP证据。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag024

Xiaoyu Wang, Wei Fan

{"title":"An examination of the impact of online feedback and social distance on the implicit self-identity of adolescents: behavioral and ERP evidence.","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang, Wei Fan","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag024","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents' self-identity is shaped by online feedback's valence (positive/negative) and social distance (near/far). This study tested their interactive effects on implicit self-identity and neural correlates. Experiment 1 used an implicit association measure (D-score) to assess self-identity across ages. Participants received near (peer) or far (stranger) positive/negative feedback. Distant positive feedback reduced D-scores (weaker self-identity links) versus near positive feedback; negative feedback showed the opposite. Late adolescents had higher D-scores for near versus far feedback-indicating heightened sensitivity to proximal social cues during identity formation. Experiment 2 employed ERPs to explore neural mechanisms. Distant positive feedback elicited faster P3s (prioritized processing of socially distant positives). For near feedback, positive versus negative stimuli showed smaller early LPP amplitudes-reflecting differential motivational attention. These findings reveal that feedback valence and social distance jointly modulate implicit self-identity. Neural markers (P3/LPP) uncover distinct processing priorities for proximal/distal positive/negative feedback-highlighting the interplay of social context and neural mechanisms in adolescent self-development.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13252597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time and amount attributes exert distinct neural influences on gain and loss evaluation. 时间和数量属性对损益评估有明显的神经影响。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag029

Ya Zheng, Chenlu Guan, Puyu Shi

{"title":"Time and amount attributes exert distinct neural influences on gain and loss evaluation.","authors":"Ya Zheng, Chenlu Guan, Puyu Shi","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag029","url":null,"abstract":"People typically discount delayed gains more than delayed losses, reflecting a gain-loss asymmetry. This event-related potential study examined how neural representations of amount and time, two prominent attributes in delay discounting, are influenced by contextual valence (gains vs. losses) through the lens of neural dynamics. Forty participants performed a simple guessing task in which they experienced a gain context with varying reward amounts delivered at different time delays, and a loss context with varying loss amounts delivered similarly. Time and amount attributes were manipulated orthogonally and parametrically. Results showed that in the gain context, time attribute was first tracked during the reward positivity period, then integrated with linearly increasing monetary value during the P3 period, and finally processed independently from monetary value during the late positive potential period. In the loss context, time was similarly processed during the RewP period, whereas monetary value was not tracked until the late positive potential period. Additionally, a correlation between behavioral and neural delay discounting was found in the loss but not gain context. Our findings demonstrate distinct evaluative processes for time and amount attributes between gain and loss contexts, providing new insights into the gain-loss asymmetry in delay discounting.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Both mental imagery and object-based attention regulate differential fear conditioning in the anterior insula. 心理意象和基于物体的注意都调节了前脑岛的不同恐惧条件反射。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag032

Tyler D Robinson, McKenzie Andries, Steven G Greening

{"title":"Both mental imagery and object-based attention regulate differential fear conditioning in the anterior insula.","authors":"Tyler D Robinson, McKenzie Andries, Steven G Greening","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag032","url":null,"abstract":"Distraction is a common emotion regulation strategy, disrupting emotion generation by prioritizing distracter stimulus processing at the expense of the emotion elicitor. Across two experiments (experiment 1: behavioral psychophysiology, N = 44; experiment 2: neuroimaging with psychophysiology, N = 28), we predicted that both object-based (external) and mental imagery-based (internal) distraction would down-regulate differential fear responding. Participants underwent differential fear conditioning, pairing one face image with shock (CS+) while another face image was never paired with shock (CS-). Participants then viewed face/place composite images and were cued to attend to the face (CS+ or CS-) or distract themselves. Distraction was achieved either by attending to a superimposed place image (external distraction) or imagining a place image (internal distraction). Skin conductance response, self-reported fear, and anterior insula (aIn) results confirmed the acquisition of differential fear. Self-reported fear and aIn results evidenced fear down-regulation in both object-based and imagery-based distraction. Activity in stimulus-specific regions of the ventral visual stream suggested that fear down-regulation occurred via prioritization of the visually displayed or imagined distracter, inhibiting CS+ processing. Though effective, internal distraction was rated as more difficult than external distraction. Together, these findings suggest that both object-based and mental imagery-based distraction successfully down-regulated differential fear responding.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of methods to derive the heartbeat-evoked potential: past practices and future directions. 心脏诱发电位的方法综述：过去的实践和未来的方向。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag057

Rania-Iman Virjee, Rohan Kandasamy, Sarah N Garfinkel, David W Carmichael, Mahinda Yogarajah

{"title":"Review of methods to derive the heartbeat-evoked potential: past practices and future directions.","authors":"Rania-Iman Virjee, Rohan Kandasamy, Sarah N Garfinkel, David W Carmichael, Mahinda Yogarajah","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag057","url":null,"abstract":"The heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) is an implicit, electrophysiological marker of cortical heartbeat processing and interoception, with increasing clinical relevance. However, on the scalp, HEP are low-amplitude signals mixed with cardiac field artefacts (CFA), requiring signal processing pipelines to separate HEP from CFA. This review evaluates current analytical approaches and addresses methodological gaps in HEP pipelines. A scoping review of the literature was conducted focusing on previously published HEP studies. This was to extract HEP processing methods and parameters used in EEG (199 included papers) and MEG (8 included papers). Parameters investigated included the HEP window, filters, baseline correction window, epoch timeframes, minimum RR intervals, epoch amplitude rejection threshold, and CFA removal. EEG and MEG studies revealed clear heterogeneity and variability in the methods used to derive HEP. These clear inconsistencies in HEP parameter use and reporting would appear to challenge the level replicability between studies. In order to ensure reproducibility and transparency, publications should report critical values for reliable HEP extraction, emphasizing the need for standardized methods to enhance study comparability and reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13585452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bidirectional cross-modal fear generalization: semantic similarity in representation space as a foundational mechanism. 双向跨模态恐惧泛化：表征空间中的语义相似性作为基本机制。

IF 3.1

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsag046

Haoran Dou, Shanhe Du, Jonas Zaman, Kenny Yu, Ying Mei, Yiwen Qiu, Yi Lei

{"title":"Bidirectional cross-modal fear generalization: semantic similarity in representation space as a foundational mechanism.","authors":"Haoran Dou, Shanhe Du, Jonas Zaman, Kenny Yu, Ying Mei, Yiwen Qiu, Yi Lei","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsag046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/scan/nsag046","url":null,"abstract":"Fear generalization is vital for human survival in the complex, multimodal environments. Despite extensive research on fear generalization within sensory modalities, our theoretical understanding of cross-modal generalization mechanisms remains unclear. To fill this gap, this study conducted two experiments (total N = 95) to investigate bidirectional cross-modality fear generalization in individuals with high and low anxiety levels: Experiment 1 used an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and visual generalization stimuli (GSs), while Experiment 2 used a visual CS and auditory GSs. Participants underwent fear conditioning and generalization tasks, measuring shock expectancy ratings, skin conductance responses, and prefrontal cortex activation via functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Critically, we demonstrate that fear generalized cross-modally in both directions-from auditory to visual and from visual to auditory-with auditory-to-visual generalization being significantly stronger than the reverse, indicating an asymmetric pattern. Furthermore, high-anxiety individuals exhibited elevated shock expectancy and skin conductance during generalization, alongside reduced medial prefrontal cortex activation. These findings demonstrate that semantic similarity in mental representational space fundamentally governs associative learning across sensory boundaries, and that bidirectional cross-modal fear generalization is asymmetrical. Moreover, we provide evidence of excessive cross-modality fear generalization in subclinical anxiety, enhancing understanding of anxiety mechanisms and fear-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":94208,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148427618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0