J Pilco Inga, A Fervienza Sánchez, J J Velázquez Fragoso, M Fa-Binefa, I Moya Molinas
{"title":"Platelet-rich plasma injections improve functional results over pulsed radiofrequency in ganglion impar treatments for coccydynia.","authors":"J Pilco Inga, A Fervienza Sánchez, J J Velázquez Fragoso, M Fa-Binefa, I Moya Molinas","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coccydynia is a painful condition commonly related to trauma or repetitive stress. While most cases respond to conservative management, a subset of patients requires minimally invasive interventions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently emerged as a biological treatment alternative, promoting tissue repair. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of PRP injections versus pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) at the ganglion impar in patients with coccydynia refractory to conservative treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 40 consecutive patients treated for coccydynia. 20 received PRP injections and 20 underwent PRF at the ganglion impar. Functional disability was measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline and at six months. Statistical analysis included t-tests and multivariable regression models adjusted for baseline characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed improvement in pain and function. There were no significant differences in pre- or post-treatment VAS scores between the two groups. However, the mean change in ODI scores was significantly greater in the PRP group (-9.6 ± 4.2) compared to the PRF group (-5.4 ± 6.3), with a statistically significant difference in functional improvement (p = 0.018), and a clinically relevant improvement (≥30% reduction in ODI) was achieved in 85% of cases versus 45%, respectively (p = 0.02). The adjusted analysis confirmed the superiority of PRP after controlling for baseline differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRP injections at the ganglion impar demonstrated superior improvement in functional outcomes compared to PRF in patients with refractory coccydynia. These findings support the use of PRP as a potentially more effective minimally invasive treatment, though prospective studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":" ","pages":"501929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A A Pupiales-Dávila, R Gopar-Nieto, G Rojas-Velasco, D Manzur-Sandoval
{"title":"Weighing the risks: The impact of body mass index on postoperative complications in cardiac surgery.","authors":"A A Pupiales-Dávila, R Gopar-Nieto, G Rojas-Velasco, D Manzur-Sandoval","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Body mass index (BMI) is a key determinant of cardiovascular risk and may significantly impact postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI and early postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed data from 555 patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the National Institute of Cardiology from June 2022 to December 2023. Patients were categorized into 4 BMI groups: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Data on demographics, surgical procedures, postoperative complications, and hemodynamic parameters were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative comorbidities, including chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation, were more common among underweight patients. This group was also at higher risk of postcardiotomy low output syndrome (univariate OR 3.35, p = 0.03), and postoperative atrial fibrillation remained significant in multivariate analysis (OR 1.48, p = 0.01), and required increased vasopressor and inotropic support. Obese patients had a significantly increased risk of postoperative mediastinitis in both univariate (OR 2.47, p = 0.04) and multivariate analyses (OR 2.12, p = 0.03). In-hospital mortality was 14.3 % in underweight vs. 6.1 % in obese patients (p = 0.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the significant impact of BMI on postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery. Underweight patients exhibited higher rates of postoperative complications and mortality, likely due to underlying comorbidities and limited physiological reserves. While obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, our findings suggest a potential \"obesity paradox\" in this cohort. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and refine risk stratification models incorporating BMI and other relevant factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":" ","pages":"501952"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G Melegari, F Arturi, G Vaccari, F Gazzotti, E Bertellini, L Astore, G D Casa, A Pecchi, A Barbieri
{"title":"Macklin effect in critically COVID-19 patients: Observational single-center analysis.","authors":"G Melegari, F Arturi, G Vaccari, F Gazzotti, E Bertellini, L Astore, G D Casa, A Pecchi, A Barbieri","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the incidence and impact of the Macklin effect (ME) in critically ill COVID-19 patients and its correlation with pneumothorax (PNX), spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SP), and barotraumatic complications (BC).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational single-center study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a single Italian hospital.</p><p><strong>Patients or participants: </strong>Critically ill COVID-19 patients aged ≥18 years, with at least one chest computed tomography (Ch-CT) scan and undergoing mechanical ventilation. Patients with pre-existing PNX, SP, or tracheal lesions at ICU admission were excluded.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Retrospective analysis of Ch-CT scans to detect ME.</p><p><strong>Main variables of interest: </strong>ME incidence, its correlation with barotrauma development and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 138 patients, ME was detected in 5.80% (8 cases) on the first Ch-CT scan and in 10.87% (15 cases) at any time during ICU stay. PNX occurred in 17.39% (24 cases) and subcutaneous emphysema in 14.49% (20 cases), with a total BC incidence of 23.91% (33 cases). ME presence on the first Ch-CT scan was significantly associated with PNX (OR 5.5, p = 0.012), SP (OR 12.77, p < 0.001), and BC (OR 11.44, p = 0.004). ME detection on the first Ch-CT scan showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 5.91 (CI 2.41-14.50, p < 0.001) for BC development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early ME detection in critically ill COVID-19 patients is crucial, as it is significantly associated with PNX, SP, and BC. Recognizing ME could play a role in improving clinical management and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":" ","pages":"501930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic pain after liver transplant: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"A Duarte, F Farias, V Pires, R Poeira, M Canas","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a major concern following liver transplantation. Despite advancements in surgical and anaesthesia techniques, CPSP remains prevalent and under-researched.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at #, # in patients who underwent liver transplantation between January 2017 and December 2021. A total of 310 patients participated, exceeding the minimum sample size of 247 required for statistical significance. Data were collected from questionnaires administered over the phone - the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) and the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) - and from a review of each patient's clinical history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CPSP was identified in 20.0% of patients, with a higher prevalence in women (27.6%) conpared to men (17.0%) (odds ratio: 1.85; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.33; p = 0.019). Acute postoperative pain and female gender were significant independent predictors. Neuropathic pain characteristics were present in 25.8% of cases. We found that CPSP significantly interfered with daily activities, but despite its high incidence, only 24.2% of patients were receiving treatment for their pain.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings highlight the impact of CPSP on liver transplant recipients and the need for improved pain management. The study underscores the importance of addressing acute postoperative pain to prevent the development of CPSP and calls for heightened awareness and better treatment protocols to enhance outcones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides insights into the prevalence and impact of CPSP among liver transplant patients, and identifies acute postoperative pain and female gender as risk factors. The results show the need to improve pain management practices in order to mitigate the long-term effects of CPSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":" ","pages":"501953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postsurgical pain and ICD-11 classification: Between nosological recognition and practical constraints.","authors":"A Alcántara Montero, A Montes Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":" ","pages":"501950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-puncture ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator injection (SP-SFO): Spread of dye in cadavers.","authors":"S Diwan, V Sathe, A Sabnis, P Mane, A Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The terminal nerves of the lumbar plexus, the femoral and obturator nerves, and the sciatic nerve are situated in different fascial planes on the medial side of the thigh. Attempts have been made to approach these nerves using a single puncture from the anterior and medial aspect of the thigh. The previously described SOFT block requires multiple transducer positions, needle redirections, and punctures. We attempted a novel single-puncture, single-position approach to all 3 nerves in different fascial planes in 6 soft embalmed cadavers that provided a total of 12 specimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six fresh human cadavers left at room temperature for a minimum of 6 h were positioned supine, and an ultrasound-guided single puncture technique was used to target branches of the sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerves (SP-SFO) and inject 0.1% methylene blue dye. Cross-sections were obtained with a band saw in all cadavers at the level of the SP-SFO injections to observe the spread of the dye in various planes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cadaver cross-sections showed the spread of the dye in all respective planes. The dye infiltrated the femoral and obturator nerves, while in 4 specimens it reached the sciatic nerve and the paraneural tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This single puncture for branches of the sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerves block (SP-FSO block) can be used to successfully target all these nerves.</p>","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":" ","pages":"501951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Moreno-Jurico , M. Roger , M. Ubré , G. Martínez-Pallí
{"title":"Airway management in thoracic surgery in a patient with right tracheal supernumerary bronchus","authors":"S. Moreno-Jurico , M. Roger , M. Ubré , G. Martínez-Pallí","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":"72 8","pages":"Article 501771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ripollés-Melchor , P. Fernández-Valdés-Bango , D. García-López , M. Olvera-García , J.L. Tomé-Roca , C.A. Vargas-Berenjeno , A. Ruiz-Escobar , A.B. Adell-Pérez , L. Carrasco-Sánchez , A. Abad-Gurumeta , J.V. Lorente , A.V. Espinosa , I. Jiménez-López , M.A. Valbuena-Bueno , M.I. Monge-García
{"title":"The effect of structured proctoring and hypotension prediction index teaching on incidence and duration of intraoperative hypotension in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A comparative study of two monitoring systems","authors":"J. Ripollés-Melchor , P. Fernández-Valdés-Bango , D. García-López , M. Olvera-García , J.L. Tomé-Roca , C.A. Vargas-Berenjeno , A. Ruiz-Escobar , A.B. Adell-Pérez , L. Carrasco-Sánchez , A. Abad-Gurumeta , J.V. Lorente , A.V. Espinosa , I. Jiménez-López , M.A. Valbuena-Bueno , M.I. Monge-García","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is a commonly observed phenomenon during major abdominal surgery. The severity and duration of IOH have been identified as crucial factors in the development of these complications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study compares two groups of adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: one group received standard hemodynamic<span> management using the Edwards Flotrac device, while the second group received hypotension prediction index duration, and severity of intraoperative hypotension in high-risk patients (HPI)-guided hemodynamic management, with anesthesiologists trained via a structured proctoring program. We retrospective analized prospectively gathered anonymized data from 6 Spanish centers during 2021−2022. The primary outcome measure was the time-weighted average of mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg (MAP) during surgery (TWA MAP 65 mmHg). The secondary outcome measures included incidence of hypotensive episodes, total time with hypotension, and percentage of time spent in hypotension during surgery.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 607 patients were analyzed, 270 in the pre-proctoring group vs 337 in the post-proctoring group. The median TWA MAP 65 mmHg was 0.09 mm Hg (interquartile range (IQR), 0.00−0.31 mm Hg) post-proctoring group vs 0.37 mmHg (IQR, 0.08–1.01 mm Hg) in the pre-proctoring group, for a median difference of 0.19 mmHg (95% CI, 0.13−0.27 mmHg; <em>P</em> < .001), whereas the median TWA MAP < 55 mmHg was 0.00 mmHg (IQR, 0.00−0.01 mmHg) post-proctoring group vs 0.00 mmHg (IQR, 0.00−0.07 mm Hg) in the pre-proctoring group, 0 mmHg (95% CI, 0.0−0.02 mm Hg; <em>P</em> < .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A structured program in hemodynamic training based on the intraoperative use of the hemodynamic prediction index decreases the incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":"72 8","pages":"Article 501803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. Espinosa , J. Ripolles Melchor , M. Jain , R. Navarro-Perez , Y.A. Shadad , A. Malvido , A. Abad Gurumeta , R. Alharbi
{"title":"Anaesthesia evaluation and perioperative strategies in liver disease patients with cardiohepatic syndrome","authors":"Á. Espinosa , J. Ripolles Melchor , M. Jain , R. Navarro-Perez , Y.A. Shadad , A. Malvido , A. Abad Gurumeta , R. Alharbi","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiohepatic syndrome (CHS) presents a significant challenge in perioperative management due to the complex interaction between liver and heart dysfunction. CHS, analogous to cardiorenal syndrome, encompasses various conditions where hepatic and cardiovascular pathologies exacerbate one another. Patients with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, or heart failure often exhibit increased perioperative morbidity and mortality, necessitating tailored anesthetic strategies. A comprehensive understanding of CHS pathophysiology is crucial, as it informs risk assessment and guides perioperative management. Risk stratification tools such as the Child-Pugh and MELD scores are commonly used, but they have limitations in fully capturing perioperative risks. The updated STS 2024 model includes liver-specific parameters, improving risk prediction in cardiac surgeries. Additionally, the VOCAL-Penn score addresses gaps in traditional risk models, providing a more accurate assessment for patients with advanced liver disease.</div><div>Perioperative management focuses on minimizing hemodynamic stress and avoiding drugs metabolized by the liver. Agents like Remifentanil, Atracurium, and Esmolol are preferred for their minimal hepatic metabolism. Vasopressors such as terlipressin and vasopressin, which target the splanchnic circulation, improve hemodynamics in these patients. Within the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) framework, optimizing nutrition and fluid management is essential for reducing perioperative complications.</div><div>Effective management of patients with CHS requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates comprehensive risk assessment and individualized anesthetic strategies. This approach improves outcomes by reducing perioperative complications and mortality in this high-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":"72 8","pages":"Article 501735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative study of optic nerve sheath diameter and Lung Ultrasound score in healthy and preeclampsia parturients","authors":"A. Nagpal, M. Pandey, N. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.redare.2025.501773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Complications of preeclampsia<span> include cerebral and pulmonary edema which strongly correlate with optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and lung ultrasound score (LUSS) respectively. This study was conducted to compare ONSD and LUSS in healthy and preeclamptic parturients.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective observational analytical study, 35 healthy pregnant women and preeclamptic women each underwent ultrasound assessment for ONSD and LUSS (12 region lung technique). Severity of preeclampsia was noted. ROC analysis was performed to obtain a cutoff value for both ONSD and LUSS to predict complications of preeclampsia. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean ONSD and LUSS were higher in preeclamptic compared to healthy parturients [5.06 ± 0.46 vs 4.24 ± 0.38 mm (<em>p</em> < 0.0001) and [5 (1–12) vs 0 (0–1.5); p value <0.0001], respectively. Mean ONSD in severe pre-eclampsia (5.36 ± 0.32 mm) was significantly higher as compared to mild pre-eclampsia (4.71 ± 0.35 mm; <em>p</em> < 0.0001). Women with severe preeclampsia had a higher LUSS as compared to the mild preclamptics and healthy parturients. However, no difference in ONSD and LUSS between mild preeclamptics and healthy parturients was observed. A mean ONSD of >4.65 mm and LUSS of >2 could predict preeclampsia with a sensitivity of 77.14% and 68.57% and specificity of 91.43% and 85.71% with an AUC of 0.907 and 0.806 respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both ONSD and LUSS can be used to assess severity and complications of preeclampsia. Early detection can be used to treat, guide fluid therapy and monitor response to treatment.</div></div><div><h3>CTRI registration</h3><div>CTRI/2019/12/022243 (<span><span>https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=37940&EncHid=&userName=</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). IEC: LHMC/IEC/Thesis/2019/116 dated 29/10/2019.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94196,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion","volume":"72 8","pages":"Article 501773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}